(July of the eighth year of the Taiyuan Dynasty) Qin Wangjian issued an edict to enter the Kou in a big way, and the people sent a soldier for every ten dings; The son of his good family is twenty years old, and the brave people all worship Yu Linlang. At that time, the courtiers did not want to stick to it, and only Murong Chui and Yao Chang (1) persuaded him. Yangping Gongrong said to Jian: "Xianbei, Qiang (2) my enemy, often think about the changes in the wind and dust to achieve his ambition, the plan of Chen, how can I follow!" The young people of a good family are all rich children, and they are not idle in the army, and they are flattering to meet His Majesty's intentions. Now Your Majesty believes in it, and if you take it lightly, you will not succeed, but you will still have troubles, and you will regret it! "I didn't listen.

Winter, October. General Liang Cheng and other commanders of 50,000 troops were stationed in Luojian to contain the eastern soldiers. Xie Shi, Xie Xuan and others went to Luojian for twenty-five miles to join the army, but they were afraid and did not dare to enter. Hu Bin ran out of food, and sent an envoy to tell Shi and others: "Today, the thieves are prosperous, the food is exhausted, and I am afraid that I will not see the army again!" "The Qin people got it and sent it to Yangping Gongrong. Rong Chi made Bai Qin Wang Jian say: "There are few thieves and they are easy to catch, but if you are afraid of escaping, you should go to them quickly!" "Jian Nai left the army in Xiangcheng, led 8,000 light horses, and the road was integrated into Shouyang. Zhu Xu said that Xie Shi and others were "strong and weak, it is better to descend quickly". The preface said to Shi and others: "If Qin's millions of people are sincere and difficult to fight the enemy, and now the army has not gathered, it is advisable to attack quickly, and if it is defeated, its vanguard will be defeated, and it will be broken." ”

Shi Wenjian was in Shouyang, very afraid, and wanted to fight with the old Qin master. Xie Yan persuaded Shi Cong from the preface. In November, Xie Xuan sent Guangling Xiang Liu Gaozhi's elite soldiers to 5,000 Quluojian, but before ten miles, Liang Cheng blocked the stream for Chen to wait for. Prison straight forward to cross the water, hit, break it, cut into and Yiyang Taishou Wang Yong, and divide the troops to cut off its return to Tianjin, Qin Buqi collapsed, fought to Huaishui, and the soldiers died 15,000 people. Ruling Qin, Yangzhou, assassinating Shi Wang Xian, etc., collected all their weapons and military realities. So Xie Shi and other armies continued to advance by land and water. Qin Wangjian and Yangping Gongrong ascended Shouyang City to look at it. Seeing that the Jin army was in strict formation, and seeing the grass and trees on Bagong Mountain, they all thought that the Jin soldiers were in good shape, and Gu Rong said: "This is also a strong enemy, what is weak!" "Suddenly there was fear.

The Qin soldiers forced the water and Chen, and the Jin soldiers could not cross. Xie Xuan sent an envoy to Yangping Gongrong and said: "Jun hangs the army deeply, and puts Chen to force the water, this is a long-term plan, and it is not for those who want to fight quickly." If Chen Xiaoqi is moved, so that the Jin soldiers can cross, and the winner is decided, wouldn't it be good? The generals of Qin all said: "I am outnumbered, it is better to curb it, so that it cannot be done, and it can be perfect." Jian said: "But the introduction of few troops, so that they half crossed, I killed them with iron horses, and I was too contemptuous to kill!" Rong also thought so, so he commanded the soldiers. The Qin soldiers retreated, and they could not be stopped, Xie Xuan,

(And add points below)

Xie Yan, Huan Yi and others led troops across the water to attack it. Rong Chi rode a little Chen, and the handsome retreater, the horse fell, and was killed by the Jin soldiers, and the Qin soldiers were defeated. Xuan and others took advantage of the victory to pursue, as for Qinggang. The Qin soldiers were defeated, and those who died by self-reliance covered the wilderness.

(And the dots are removed below)

Jian Zhong Liuya, rode alone to Huaibei, hungry, the people have into the pot, the dolphin hair, the hard food, give ten horses of silk, ten catties of cotton. The words said: "Your Majesty is tired of hardship and happiness, and he brings danger upon himself. The minister is the son of His Majesty, His Majesty is the father of the minister, and the son feeds his father and asks for retribution? "Excuse me. insisted that Mrs. Zhang said: "What face do I have to rule the world now!" "Drooling.

(Excerpt from "Zizhi Tongjian", with deletions)

[Note] (1) Vertical: also known as Murong Ba, a member of the Xianbei tribe. In 384 AD, Houyan was established, and later surrendered to Qianqin. Yao Chang: Emperor Wu Zhao of the Later Qin Dynasty, Qiang nationality. In 357 AD, he fought with the former Qin in Sanyuan, was defeated and surrendered, and later became the general of Fu Jian. (2) Qianglu: that is, the countries that refer to Murong Chui and Yao Chang respectively.

9. The explanation of the punctuated words in the following sentences, the incorrect one is ()

A. The young people of a good family are all rich children, and they are not idle in the army: think ...... Leisure

B. Zha Huai to curb the east of the fence: verb, with something made of bamboo, wood, etc., to block or defend

C. If you want to fight without fighting, you will be old and old: make the other party exhausted and tired

D. Xie Xuan sent Guangling Xiang Liu Gaozhi to the handsome elite soldiers of 5,000 Luo Jian Qu: Going, running

【Reference Answer】A

【Proposition Intent】This question tests the understanding of the meaning of common literary words in the text, and the ability level is B (comprehension).

【Problem Solving Ideas】Leisure: the same as "Xian", familiar, proficient

10. In the following groups of sentences, the group with the same meaning and usage of dotted words is ()

A. I slew it with an iron horse, drew my sword and struck it

B. Gou is a flattering word, and the ears are all present with the depth of his thoughts

C. An has a son who feeds his father and asks for revenge for the presence of Pei Gong'an

D. The people have the beauty of the concubine who enters the pot and the dolphin

【Reference Answer】A

【Proposition Intent】This question tests the understanding of the meaning and usage of common literary words in the text, and the ability level is B (comprehension).

【Solution Ideas】Item A, "and" are all conjunctions. Item B, before "to", come, purpose, conjunction; After "to", because, table reason, item, before "an", where, table question, adverb; After "An", where, interrogative pronouns. Item D, former "a", "...... of ", particle; After the "者", placed after the subject, it leads to the reason, the pronoun.

11. The following sentences for the wavy line part of the text, the correct one is ()

A. If Qin's millions of people are sincere/difficult to be the enemy/the army is not ready to gather/strike quickly/if it is defeated/its forward, it has already taken the air/can be broken

B. If Qin's millions of people are sincere/difficult to be the enemy/The army is not gathered/It is advisable to attack it quickly/If it is defeated/Its striker will have been captured/Qi can be broken

C. If Qin's millions of people are exhausted/it is difficult to be an enemy/the army is not gathered today/it is advisable to strike quickly/if it is defeated, then it has been captured/qi can be broken

D. If Qin's millions of people are exhausted/It is difficult to be the enemy/The army is not gathered today/It is advisable to strike quickly/If its vanguard is defeated/It has already taken the air/It can be broken

【Reference Answer】D

【Proposition Intent】This question tests the ability to assert sentences in the text, and the ability level is B.

【Problem Solving Ideas】This question tests students' ability to assert sentences in the form of objective questions. When answering this type of question, you must first understand the meaning of the context, guess the general meaning of the wavy line, understand the meaning of the sentence formed by different pauses in the four options, and select the correct option through the elimination method.

12. The following understanding and analysis of the relevant content of the original text, the correct expression is ()

A. The idiom "the wind is roaring, and the grass and trees are soldiers" comes from the third paragraph of the selected passage.

B．“ Those who are brave and talented all worship Yu Linlang", and "worship" is to confer official positions. In ancient times, the meanings of "Zhishi" and "beggar bones" were different.

C. Hu Bin believed that the enemy was so numerous that there was no food and grass, and the army could be quickly dispatched to destroy it in one fell swoop.

D. The key to the defeat of the Qin army was that the king of Qin was gullible and risked his crusade to the east, and Rong thought that Xie Xuan's suggestion was very correct and related to the miscalculation.

【Reference Answer】B.

【Proposition Intent】This question examines and summarizes the main points of the content and summarizes the central meaning. Competency Level C (Analytical Synthesis).

【Solution Ideas】Item A. The third paragraph of the text only involves "all the grass and trees are soldiers", and the "rumors" are in the fourth paragraph, which happened when the Qin soldiers fled. ITEM B. In ancient times, officials resigned because of their age, and returned their official positions to the emperor, called "Zhishi", which can also be understood as the retirement of officials; In ancient times, officials asked for their own resignation, often called "begging bones", which meant that the bones had to be buried in their hometown. The two are not the same. Hu Bin thought that there were many thieves, and when he ran out of food, he would not be able to meet the army. Item D. Rong believes that Qin Wangjian's suggestion is correct.

13. Translate the underlined sentences in the classical Chinese reading materials into modern Chinese. (ten minutes)

(1) Xianbei and Qiang's enmity against me, often thinking about the changes in the wind and dust to fulfill their aspirations, what can be done! (five minutes)

(2) But the introduction of small troops, so that they half crossed, I killed them with iron horses, and I was too contemptuous to kill! (five minutes)

[Reference Answer]

(1) Xianbei and Qiang are our enemies, and they are waiting for the opportunity to realize their ambition of revenge and revenge.

(2) (We) only led the army to retreat a little, and when they crossed the river to the middle, our army approached (them) with iron cavalry and charged violently, so there is no reason to be invincible! ”

【Proposition Intent】This question tests the ability to understand and translate sentences in a text. Competency Level B.

【Problem Solving Ideas】When translating, we should pay attention to mobilizing the accumulation of language knowledge according to the context, estimating the meaning of important real words, and understanding the phenomenon of the use of sentences and the structure of sentences.

Scoring points: (1) [Reference score: "Yes", judgment; "The Change of Wind and Dust"; "to", to come; "Planning", planning and strategy. One point each. 】

(2) [Reference score: "but", only, only; "less", slightly, slightly; "Crouch", imminent, persecuted; "Contempt", no; The overall meaning of the sentence. One point each. 】

【Reference Translation】

In July of the eighth year of Taiyuan (383), Fu Jian, the king of Qin, issued an edict to invade the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and the people recruited one out of every ten adult men to serve as a soldier; The sons of good families who are brave and powerful under the age of 20 are all appointed as Yulin Lang. At that time, none of the courtiers wanted Fu Jian to go south, and only Murong Chui, Yao Chang, and the conscripted children of the good family wanted to fight. Yangping Gong Fu Rong said to Fu Jian: "Xianbei and Qiang are our enemies, they have been waiting for the opportunity to take revenge and restore the country, how can such people listen to what they say?" The young man from a good family is just a child of a rich family, and he is not familiar with military affairs, but he just says some flattering words to please His Majesty. Now that Your Majesty trusts these people and rashly goes south, I am worried that not only will I not succeed, but I will also have troubles, and I will regret it when the time comes. Fu Jian didn't listen.

October. Former Qin Wei general Liang Cheng and others led 50,000 soldiers to be stationed in Luoshui and set up a fence on the Huai River to stop the Eastern Jin reinforcements. Xie Shi, Xie Xuan and others camped twenty-five miles away from Luojian, and did not dare to enter the army because they were afraid of Liang Cheng. Hu Bin was about to run out of grain and grass, so he secretly sent someone to tell Xie Shi and the others: "Now that the Qin army is in a grand position, once I have no grain and grass, I'm afraid we won't be able to see each other again." "The Qin people caught the messenger and escorted him to Fu Rong. Fu Rong sent someone to report to Fu Jian, the king of Qin, and said: "The Jin army is small and easy to deal with, but I am afraid that they will escape, so please come quickly." Fu Jian then left the army in Xiangcheng, and he took 8,000 light cavalry, day and night, and rushed to Shouyang to meet Fu Rong. The Qin people sent Shangshu Zhu Xu to persuade Xie Shi to surrender, saying that "Qin is strong and weak, and there is a huge difference in strength, so it is better to surrender quickly." Zhu Xu said to Xie Shi and the others in private: "If the millions of Qin troops arrive, it will naturally be difficult for the Jin army to fight against them. Now before the army has gathered, it is necessary to strike quickly; If the former Qin strikers were defeated, the Qin army would be able to defeat them as soon as their momentum was discharged. ”

When Xie Shi heard that Fu Jian had arrived in Shouyang, he was very scared and wanted not to fight to drag out the Qin army. Xie Yan persuaded Xie Shi to listen to Zhu Xu's words. In November, Xie Xuan sent Guangling Prime Minister Liu Jiaozhi to lead 5,000 elite soldiers straight to Luojian. Liu Gaozhi crossed the water straight forward, attacked Liang Cheng's army, broke the Qin army, beheaded Liang Cheng and Yiyang Taishou Wang Yong, and divided his troops to block the dangerous crossing of the Qin army's retreat. The infantry and cavalry of the Qin army fell into confusion and scrambled to cross the river, losing 15,000 soldiers. So Xie Shi's armies advanced one after another from land and water. Qin King Fu Jian and Yangping Gong Fu Rong boarded Shouyang City to observe, saw that the Jin army was in strict formation, and saw the grass and trees on Bagong Mountain shaking, Fu Jian thought that they were all Jin soldiers, and turned back to Fu Rong and said: "The Jin army is also a strong enemy, how can it be said that they are weak?" "I was stunned, and I began to be afraid.

The Qin soldiers lined up close to the river, and the Jin army could not cross the river. Xie Xuan sent an envoy to Yangping Gong Fu Rong and said: "Your Excellency is alone in the depths, and the formation is against the riverbank, this is the intention of a protracted battle, not a quick victory. Wouldn't it be a good thing if you could move your troops back a little so that the Jin soldiers could cross the river and then have a showdown? The generals of the former Qin all said: "I have many enemies, it is better to prevent the Jin army from crossing the river, but it is a foolproof strategy." Fu Jian said: "We led the troops to retreat a little, and when they crossed the river to the middle, our army rushed to kill with iron horses, so there is no reason to be invincible!" Fu Rong also thought that his words were reasonable, so he ordered the Qin soldiers to retreat. As soon as the Qin soldiers retreated, they couldn't stop. Xie Xuan, Xie Yan, Huan Yi and others immediately led their troops across the river in pursuit. Fu Rong rode his horse to set up a formation, trying to command the retreating soldiers, but the horse tripped and was killed by the Jin soldiers, and the Qin soldiers were defeated. Xie Xuan and the others took advantage of the victory to pursue Qinggang. The Qin soldiers were defeated, trampling on each other and dying, covering the fields, mountains and rivers.

Fu Jian was hit by an arrow, fled to Huaibei alone, very hungry, the people offered a pot of soaked rice and pork legs, after Fu Jian ate, rewarded ten horses of silk, ten catties of cotton. The eater excused himself and said: "Your Majesty refuses to be content and takes the risk of conquering the Eastern Jin Dynasty, which is to bring hardship upon yourself. The subjects are the sons of Your Majesty, and Your Majesty is the father of the subjects, how can a son eat his father and ask for something in return? And he departed without looking back. Fu Jian said to Mrs. Zhang: "After this battle, what face do I have to rule the world again!" Tears flowed down her cheeks.