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"Zheng He" has begun to slow down when it is still 1 day away from Mars, and the acceleration relies on a powerful nuclear fusion engine, and the deceleration still relies on the traditional plasma engine, which naturally needs to be much earlier to reduce the speed to the extent that it is enough to be captured by the gravitational pull of Mars.

"Didi~~" Although there is still a day's trip to Mars, the scientists led by Jiang Zhipeng have begun to work in an all-round way, all kinds of instruments are turned on, and all the data about Mars will be available soon.

When on Earth, scientists can measure distant celestial bodies according to astronomical telescopes and other instruments, and the data is very accurate.

Mars with a mass of 6.4219×10?? kg, about 1/10 of the earth, 9 times the moon (this place can reflect the importance of the moon to mankind, the nearest planet is only 9 times heavier than the moon), the diameter is half the earth, the volume is only 15% of the earth, and the surface area is only the size of the earth's land area.

The surface gravity is about 2.5 times that of the Moon and 2/5 of that of the Earth, which means that the Earth can lift 2 pounds of ants, and on Mars, it can lift 5 pounds of objects (eh, can ants lift such heavy things?). Author's bacteria).

The autobiographical period is 24.6229 hours, and the Earth's is 23 hours, 56 minutes and 3 seconds, which means that the day of Mars is more than 24 hours and half an hour, and the orbital period is 687 days, and the Earth's orbital period is 365.24219 days, which means that the time of the Mars year is 687 days.

Compared to the earth has only one little brother - the moon, Mars has 2 moons, Phobos and Deimos, but the quality of the little brother is not a level at all, there are many moons on Mars that can only be regarded as meteorites with large points, and the shape is still very irregular, not even a ball, it is really not even a sphere, and the mass of the two satellites is not enough to form enough gravity to shape its own image, and our moon is not at the same level at all.

The orbit of Mars is elliptical, so the temperature difference between perihelion and aphelion is almost 160 degrees Celsius in the place where it receives sunlight. This has a huge impact on the climate of Mars.

The average temperature on Mars is about minus 63 degrees, but it has a huge temperature difference from minus 133 degrees in winter to nearly 27 degrees in summer during the day. That is to say, most of the time here is colder than the earth's coldest North and South poles, the coldest time even reaches minus 133 degrees, the hottest time is only 27 degrees, the temperature difference is huge, even the penguin Jun said that it will be frozen, not to mention humans, it is too cold here, let's go back to the earth!

The density of the atmosphere of Mars is only about 1% of that of the Earth, very dry, the temperature is low, the average surface temperature is minus 55 °C, water and carbon dioxide are easy to freeze, and the main components of the atmosphere are carbon dioxide (95.3%) plus nitrogen (2.7%), argon (1.6%) and trace amounts of oxygen (0.15%) and water vapor (0.03%).

The composition of the earth's atmosphere is mainly nitrogen, accounting for 78.1%; oxygen accounted for 20.9%; argon accounted for 0.93%; There are also small amounts of carbon dioxide, noble gases (helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, radon) and water vapor.

Compared with us, we found that the content of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere of Mars is too high, the oxygen is almost negligible, and the rare gas is not much different, which is not suitable for the survival of earthlings at all, the atmosphere is small and the oxygen content is too low!

……

"Can this really be transformed into a habitable place for humans? It's simply impossible! "In the face of such harsh conditions, even almighty scientists shook their heads, it was too difficult!

"It's interesting when it's difficult, we scientists just have to do the impossible!" Jiang Zhipeng shook his head when he saw where the other scientists were, and hurriedly cheered everyone up.

"Jiang Gong, this Mars is okay to say, it is this atmosphere and water, I think it is the biggest test, the temperature is low, we test by setting up a reflector in space to increase the light and raise the temperature, but this water and atmosphere~" Speaking this scientist's name is Win a hundred years, a very interesting name, is a scientist who specializes in research and search for life in the universe.

"Don't worry, let's look at the south pole of Mars, the reflectivity here is very high, maybe it is really as estimated by American scientists, there is really solid carbon dioxide here, maybe there will be water in its depths, and everyone look at the traces left by those ancient lakes and rivers on Mars, I think there is really water on Mars!" Compared with others, Jiang Zhipeng is more confident.

"The temperature is so low that even if there is liquid, it is not necessarily water!" Win a hundred years or shook his head, and objected to Jiang Zhipeng's optimism, scientists are like this, I don't care who you are, as long as you can't convince me and can't come up with real evidence, I dare to oppose you.

"Whether there is water or not, I will know tomorrow, and then I will go directly to Mars to take some samples and come back!" Jiang Zhipeng talked and smiled.

As Mars gets closer and closer, the data obtained by scientists is constantly being revised, and the red Mars is slowly enlarged, because of the thin atmosphere, the surface of Mars can be clearly observed from the space of Mars, and the entire planet is red and yellow.

Mars is basically a desert planet, the surface of the sand dunes, gravel everywhere, Mars geological activity is less active, most of the surface landforms are formed in ancient times more active, there are dense craters, volcanoes and canyons, including the highest mountain in the solar system - Mount Olympus and the largest canyon - Mariner Canyon.

Another unique topographical feature is the stark difference between the northern and southern hemispheres: the ancient, crater-filled highlands in the south and the younger plains in the north.

At the same time, as we have seen before, there is a thick polar crown at the north and south poles of Mars, and as for the composition scientists can completely determine, that is, dry ice and water!

"Mars really has water!" After being confirmed, many scientists were ecstatic, and the question that had plagued geoscientists for hundreds of years was finally answered accurately.

You must know that since the beginning of the last century, when human eyes shifted from the earth to the interstellar universe, Mars has always been a planet suitable for future immigrants imagined by human beings, and the debate about whether there is water on Mars has also plagued scientists on the earth, and countries such as the United States and the former Soviet Union have even sent many probes to Mars.

However, due to the problems of technology and distance, the question of whether Mars has water has not been accurately answered.

Now, Qingquan Science and Technology scientists, who have reached the orbit of Mars, can finally determine that the polar crown covered by the north and south poles of Mars really contains water, and the water content should not be too small.

"There's water!" Liu Qingquan, who also got accurate information, also had a smile on his face, for the transformation of the planet for immigration, the most urgent need is water! As long as there is water, other conditions can be transformed by scientific means, but if there is no water, everything is blind!

You can't say that you can transport water from the earth, you must know that even with the huge size of the "Zheng He", it can't transport much water at one time, and this water is even more insignificant for a planet.

"If all this ice on Mars melts, it can increase the density of the current Martian atmosphere by 20 times, that is, reach 20% of the density of the earth's atmosphere, and at the same time can obtain about 10,000 cubic kilometers of water, only 1/35 of the earth's freshwater resources, and 1/130,000 of the earth's water resources!"

Win Bainian frowned and calculated the water resources on Mars, this Mars has water, but this water is too little! Only 1/35 of the earth's freshwater resources, 1/130,000 of the earth's water resources, too little!

With such a little water resource, in addition to all kinds of water that cannot be used, it will be emitted into the air, and there will be less water that can be used by human beings at that time!

There is water in water, but this amount is too small, which makes the scientists who have just been happy for a long time shake their heads again!

However, the density of the atmosphere can be increased by a factor of 20, which is very good! You must know that the ice here is basically made up of dry ice and water, and after melting them, carbon dioxide can rise into the atmosphere, increasing the density of the atmosphere, and carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas, which is very helpful for raising the temperature of Mars.

"Jianggong, this water is too little! And the mud is not enough! The polar crowns of the north and south poles of Mars contain too much carbon dioxide and too little water! Ying Bainian smiled helplessly, and what he said about the mud refers to the evaporation of water and then the fall on Mars in the form of precipitation.

"Things have to be looked at from two sides, isn't the density of the atmosphere that can be increased, and they are all greenhouse gases, which is not very helpful for the increase in the temperature of Mars!"

Compared with other people's disappointment, Jiang Zhipeng was very happy, although the water content of this Martian is small, but after all, there is still water, and the transformation of the atmosphere has already been eyebrow-raised.

"Unless there is still a lot of water under Mars, the little water that Mars has discovered now is not enough to transform Mars into a planet suitable for human habitation!" Ying Bainian shook his head and said his own inference.

"If Mars is to be transformed into a planet suitable for human habitation, the water resources needed must at least cover the plains of the northern hemisphere of Mars, which requires at least 30 times as much water as it is now, that is, it is enough to move all the fresh water on the earth!"

"Don't worry, there will be bread, there will be houses, and there will be water!" Jiang Zhipeng said that a large amount of water has been found on Mars, so it is unlikely that scientists will be wrong in estimating that Jupiter's moons contain a lot of water resources! (To be continued.) )