Chapter Eighty-Seven: The Principles of Electromagnetic Guns and Laser Cannons

When the number of atoms at the high energy level is greater than the number of atoms at the low energy level, and the transition from the high energy level back to the low energy level, it will release the same light as the phase, frequency, polarization direction, propagation direction, etc., which is called a laser! And because its phase, frequency, and direction are exactly the same, the color of the laser is very pure, the directionality is good, and the energy is highly concentrated!

And according to Bohr's (physicist) theory of the quantization of the atom (quantization: discontinuity. Pen, fun, pavilion www. biquge。 The quantization of info atoms means that the energy of atoms can only exist in integer multiples. For example, if the ground state energy of an atom is 1, then it can only be 2, 3, 4, 5 after excitation...... Definitely can't be 1.1, 1.11, 1.111, or even more. When the energy of the foreign photon is greater than or equal to the corresponding energy level difference of the atom, the atom will be excited from the low-energy state to the high-energy state, and this process is called ?? Stimulated absorption transitions. (That is, the atom absorbs the energy of the foreign photon and increases its own energy.) Atoms in a high-energy state (excited state) will transition to a low-energy state without being subjected to foreign photons, and at the same time emit light radiation (atoms release energy), a process called spontaneous radiation transition. That is, the process by which an object emits light. (This process is not the same as the luminescence process, and many of our artificial light sources today emit light by using electricity to excite the corresponding atoms.) Like incandescent lamps, fluorescent lamps, high-pressure sodium lamps. ）

In addition to the above two processes, in 1916, Einstein discovered a third process - stimulated radiation transition, that is, under the action of foreign photons, atoms in a high-energy state transition to a low-energy state, and at the same time emit photons of the same energy. The photons produced by the stimulated radiation transition have the same frequency, phase, propagation direction, and polarization direction as the photons that induce the transition.

The second process is the generation of ordinary light. And the third process is the generation process of the laser! It's just that this process is the process by which the particles are excited by light to produce a laser light. Most laser weapons, on the other hand, produce lasers when particles are electrically excited.

The device that generates a laser is called a laser. There are several types such as solid, liquid, gas, semiconductor, etc. A ruby laser is a type of solid-state laser; A hydrogen fluoride laser is a type of liquid laser; Carbon dioxide laser, argon (pronunciation: ya, fourth tone. Group zero elements are a noble gas and the most abundant noble gas in the atmosphere. Lasers are gas lasers.

Cheng Xiao wanted to install a laser cannon on the flying eagle, which was not very difficult, so he didn't bother much. Because Cheng Xiao used to make laser weapons. Therefore, it is very easy for him to make it now, and he only needs to make a slight adjustment to the relevant data, model, etc., and he can turn the ground-based laser cannon into an air-based laser cannon, that is, an airborne laser cannon.

The job is simple, but the modification of the tracking and positioning system of the laser cannon is not so simple. A laser cannon is a directed energy weapon that uses a high concentration of energy to attack a target object. Therefore, when launching an attack, it has to stay on the target object for a short time, which requires the laser weapon to have a good tracking and positioning ability. And ground-based laser weapons, it is immovable. As a result, it is easy to track and locate. But airborne laser weapons are different. Because the aircraft itself is also moving, the tracking and positioning system should consider its own movement in addition to the movement of the target object. That's why it's very technical!

And the electromagnetic cannon, this is the first time Cheng Xiao has done this. But he also had nothing to fear. Speaking of cage unity, the electromagnetic cannon is actually to use electromagnetic force to drive the cannon to eject the chamber. But if you want to return to its principle, it is actually using the ampere force (the force experienced by the energized conductor in the magnetic field) to drive the motion of the energized conductor, and the conductor of this movement is usually the cannonball of the electromagnetic cannon!

In a magnetic field, as long as the energized conductor is perpendicular to the direction of magnetic induction, then it will be subjected to ampere force and move under the action of ampere force. (Ampere force formula: F=BIL; B is the magnetic induction intensity, I is the conductor current, and L is the effective length of the conductor. As long as these three physical quantities are properly controlled, the ampere force can be controlled, and thus the speed of the electromagnetic gun when it is ejected. ）

Moreover, as long as the ampere force is large enough and the conductor can move, the conductor will also have a great speed because of the work done with ampere force, and then have a lot of kinetic energy. Therefore, the electromagnetic cannon is also called a kinetic weapon! Because it relies on its own kinetic energy, it uses the most primitive way of attack - a weapon that brutally collides with the opponent and inflicts direct damage or even destruction on the opponent.

In this way, shells fired in amperes can usually break through the velocity of shells fired by conventional guns.

The artillery uses the principle of thermodynamics, that is, the high temperature and high pressure formed by the violent combustion of chemical fuels in the barrel of the cannon to pile the shells out of the chamber, so the artillery has recoil, and the longer the barrel, the greater the velocity of the shell, because the long barrel will give the shell a relatively long acceleration time. The electromagnetic cannon uses the relevant principles of electromagnetism. That is, the ampere force experienced by an energized conductor in a magnetic field.

The velocity of artillery shells is usually two or three kilometers per second, but the ground velocity of electromagnetic artillery shells can reach twelve or thirteen kilometers per second, which can directly break through the second speed in the universe.

The second velocity of the universe is 11.2 kilometers per second, also known as detachment velocity, that is, the speed at which satellites and spacecraft leave the earth's gravity; In addition to the second cosmic velocity, there are the first cosmic velocity and the third cosmic velocity. The first cosmic velocity is 7.9 kilometers per second, also known as orbital velocity. That is, the speed at which the spacecraft moves in a circular motion near the Earth's surface. All spacecraft that enter outer space must launch faster than the first cosmic velocity! The third cosmic velocity is 16.7 kilometers per second, also known as escape velocity. It is the minimum speed necessary for a spacecraft to break free from the shackles of the sun's gravity and fly out of the solar system. After the spacecraft is free from the shackles of the earth, it will also be bound by the sun, and only by breaking free from the shackles of the sun can it fly out of the solar system. When the U.S. space probes Voyager 1, 2 and Pioneer 10 left the solar system, their speed exceeded the third cosmic velocity.