Because of the words Jesus and Satan, as well as the Holy See, it is natural to think of Catholicism. Pen ~ fun ~ pavilion www.biquge.info

Catholicism is also known as Catholicism, and the full name is the Catholic Church. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the religion was introduced to China by the Roman Church, and the gods believed at that time were based on ancient Chinese texts

The phrase "Supreme Moruo Heaven, Supreme Moruo Lord" is translated as "God", which means "Allah of the universe, and the Lord God is also the Lord of the universe"; Later, the Protestant denomination was translated as "Christianity" and became its name in China. Another is the "Old Religion".

Around the same time, Catholicism was introduced to Japan.

Around the first century A.D., Catholicism was based on the life and teachings of Jesus, and was formed by the Jews represented by St. Peter (Peter), the chief apostle of Jesus, who founded the church, and the Gentiles represented by St. Paul (Paul), who converted Christianity. From the 2nd century to the 4th century, the Roman Empire was gradually religiousized and angiomatized, forming Roman Catholicism centered on Rome, and basically formed the Council of Trent after the two great schisms of Christianity in the 11th and 16th centuries. The first and second Vatican Councils of the 19th and 20th centuries summed up the past and established its direction in modern society.

As of 2010, there were more than 1.2 billion Catholics worldwide, accounting for one-half of the total Christian population. With the exception of some pan-apostolic or localized niches, the number of believers under the guidance of the Vatican is also the second largest political and cultural community in the world after the ****** (Sunni) Mu Si Lim.

As the first religion, Chinese Catholicism is one of the five major religions in China, along with Chinese Christianity, which is divided into the 5.7 million followers of the self-governing, autobiographical, and self-supporting Chinese Catholic Patriotic Association, and the Roman Catholic Church of China and the Catholic Church.

Although, Catholicism in Japan is not as good as Buddhism has developed. But it's also no problem.,Jian Yi didn't count the specific number of Catholic believers in Japan.,However,As a well-known church.,It's also a sub-religion of Christianity.,So there are still a lot of Catholic believers in Japan.。

When Roman Catholicism is mentioned alongside "protestantism", it is also called "old religion", that is, the "inherited faith" that began in the first millennium and the "written faith" that began with the Reformation in the 16th century. This concept was proposed during the Oxford movement to restore the Catholic tradition.

The Christian faith arose in the first century C.E., and the chain of events that arose from the name of Jesus of Nazareth to the Messiah can be traced back to Abraham, the founder of the apocalyptic monotheistic religion, which was originally the first Christian denomination to separate from Judaism, because they preached to people of different races and nationalities, not to the Jewish community.

With the occupation of Jerusalem, the center of the church gradually shifted to Rome, the capital of the Roman Empire, hence the name "Roman Catholicism". From the first century to the beginning of the fifth century, the Roman emperors repeatedly tried to eliminate the Church, but in the end it was the entire empire that converted to the Church and declared Roman Catholicism the state religion of the Roman Empire.

The term ecumenical church was first coined in the letter to Smyrna written by Ignatius of Antioch to the Christians of the Smyrna church in about 107 C.E., to exhort the local Christians to maintain communion with the bishop, writing:

"Wherever the bishops of the Church come, there are the people of God"

（eetthemultitude）“

Wherever Jesus Christ goes, there is the Ecumenical Church."

（eisthecatholicchurch）。

In the second half of the second century, the term began to be used to mean "orthodox" and "orthodox" to distinguish what the Church considered heretical. Because Catholics believe that they are the all-round truth and the complete church, while the heresy is a one-sided exaggeration of a certain truth into a partial church.

In 380, the Roman Emperor Theodosius I used the term "Catholic Christian" to refer to Pope Damaus and Patriarch Peter of Alexandria, who followed the same principles of faith. Many other writers, such as Cyril of Jerusalem and Augustine of Hippous in the 5th century, further consolidated "Catholicism" (capitalized "Catholic") into "Catholicism" (lowercase "Catholic") and "Christianity" for all Christians. In the academic field, Christianity was formed later than Catholicism.

The Germanic invasions of the 5th and 6th centuries eventually led to the disintegration of the Roman Empire, and the Eastern and Western Churches were completely divided.

Roman Catholicism began to indoctrinate the barbarians during this period, and a new culture arose. Since the 15th century, the Western nation has undergone great changes in ideology, and the modern nation-state has been constantly formed, striving for freedom from all sides, although the power of the pope is still very large in the Catholic Church, but religion and politics, which have always been very closely related to the European continent, have gradually separated, and the unity of the European faith has also been destroyed by the emergence of Protestantism; On the other hand, with the discovery of the New World, missionary work gained new ground, and Catholicism began to preach to Asia, the Americas, Africa, and Oceania.

After the Second World War, due to the development of modern science and technology, the growth and decline of human capitalism, the growth and decline of human beings, have made great changes in thinking and life, resulting in the impact on Catholicism, the East, the West and the subsequent Third World in the political, economic, military, cultural changes, Christians and churches around the world are facing crises and challenges, the various documents of the Second Vatican Council, guiding Catholicism to the path of modernization and reform.

In the early first century C.E., based on the prophecy and beliefs of the Jewish people, the anointed ones (Hebrew: Messiah), Jesus of Nazareth (Jesus of Nazareth) began to engage in religious and social activities in Palestine (Balistan) and Asia Minor in the Roman Empire.

Jesus was an educator (rabbi), theologian (preacher), and physician who taught the world in his synagogues, preached the gospel of the kingdom, healed people's sicknesses, and cured people's evils. [Later, the twelve led by St. Peter (Pietros) and St. Andrea (Andrea) became the twelve disciples of Jesus, and were entrusted with the authority to exorcise demons and to heal the sick and save people, to help the suffering of the world, and to dedicate themselves to the Great Commission.] It was the beginning of the construction of schools, hospitals, welfare homes, nursing homes and other charities and institutions for the Great Commission apostles (apostles) and the Church.

In the 30s, Peter recognized Jesus in Caesarea as the Christ (Messiah) and the Son of God (God). [Legend has it that Jesus bestowed upon the eldest apostle the keys to the kingdom of heaven, the authority of forgiveness and excommunication, and the authority above hell and charged him to build the church on a rock.] [30] Until Jesus was crucified.

On the third day after Jesus' death, Peter and other followers of Jesus witnessed the resurrection of Jesus, and forty days after Jesus' resurrection, they witnessed the ascension of Jesus, and ten days after Jesus' ascension, the Holy Spirit came in the form of tongues of fire, which strengthened their faith.

In 32, Peter became the de facto leader and began to preach based on the teachings and life of Jesus, forming a religious community in Jerusalem. St. James, Jesus' brother and elder, was appointed the first bishop of Jerusalem.

In the 60s, Peter rushed to Rome, the capital of the Roman Empire, to preach and organize the fifth first Roman Church, and was later crucifixed by the Roman Emperor Nero. Legend has it that before his martyrdom, Peter asked his executioners to crucify him upside down because he did not deserve to be crucified like Jesus Christ. It is for St. Peter's Cross (St. Peter's Cross). After Peter's death, St. Lino succeeded Peter as the second Archbishop of Rome. Rome gradually became the center of Christianity.

In the 70s, the Jerusalem Temple was destroyed, the Jews scattered all over the world, and the authenticity of Judaism was broken; Five early churches (five pastoral districts) of Christians were formed. including the Roman Church, which was inherited from Peter, was the Western Church; The Greek Church of Andrew (Constantinople), the Jewish Church of Jacob (Jerusalem), the Egyptian Church of Markuk (Alexandria), and the Antioch Church of Paul were the Eastern Churches.

In about 78 years, Rinu was martyred. Succeeded by St. Ernagoude (Clay), he was granted Roman citizenship and was martyred on April 26, 91. He was succeeded by St. Clement I and is said to have been martyred on the 23rd of the month (November 25th of the Julian calendar). During his reign, Kleman dealt with disputes over the Kosling church through the First Epistle of Kleman. The bishops of Rome gradually became arbiters of the Church everywhere. It is for the germ of papal system (papacy).

In the 2nd century, the 5th bishop, St. Ehrfalette (Lither), established a system of cardinals that elected religious leaders. The 9th St. Ezzy established the rank and authority of the clergy, as well as the system of baptizing newborns with the status of "godparents" (surrogate parents). The 12th Sanctuary Dolu (Shad) put forward the idea that "a marriage that is not officiated by a priest is invalid." The 14th St. Victor I established Latin as the official language of the Roman Church.

After the middle of the 2nd century, the Latin language of the Roman Church in the West and the Greek language of the East took shape, and the differences gradually intensified. In 154, the 11th Bishop, St. Erna Kid (Kaide), and the Bishop of Izmir, St. Bethricha (Po Lujia), began consultations on the date of the Lord's Day. In the 190s, after discussions with Bethrich, Billed proposed that "those who do not worship on Sundays will be excommunicated."

In the 3rd century C.E., as the Christians grew, and during the reign of the 15th bishop, St. Jebrinu (Zephirin), the Roman Church struggled to cope with the growing debate over who was orthodox and who was heretical. During the reign of the 16th Bishop of St. Chalide (Gallidus I), due to the imperfection of the electoral system, the opposition cardinals elected the first "antipope", St. Pallide (ππλuto). After the succession of St. Urbanu (Urban I), the former was orthodox.

In the 230s, the 18th bishop, St. Fonde Anu (Peng Qian), became the first bishop to voluntarily abdicate and make way for Xian. It is the beginning of the retirement system. His successor, St. Fabianu, baptized the father and son of Marcus Julius Philip (Philip of Arabia), who became the first Christian Roman emperor. The period of mass persecution was ended, and the ******** facilities were vigorously developed, the organization of the church in Rome was reorganized, and mailboxes were set up to investigate and collect the deeds of the martyrs.

In the 240s, with the new emperor Decius coming to power, the Church was again suppressed, and Fabianu was martyred. The bishop was vacant for 14 months, and during the interlude of persecution, the 20th bishop was elected, St. Colonarius, the presbyter of the vacant de facto leader, became the second opposing bishop. Gulnarius advocated that murder, adultery, and apostasy were grave sins for the clergy, while Noah Qiannu advocated that man had no right to judge people, and that only the Last Judgment had the right to judge. The former was supported by the theologian Cyprianus and became authentic.

In 253, Gulnario was martyred, and in the next six years, due to the repression of the Empire, four more bishops were replaced. Throughout the 250s, a total of 9 years and 6 terms; Noah went through two to five terms and wrote the Trinitarian Theory. During the 22nd Bishop St. Stephen I, he proposed a baptism, valid for life, and conversion without rebaptism, and raised the position of the Church of Rome in the early church. It was the germ of the consciousness of the first bishop. The 25th Bishop St. Deucus (Dejöniche), who succeeded him, put forward the guidelines of "rational belief in God", resolved the rebellion of believers in Alexandria, and ushered in the **** of the new emperor Garienus. Legalization of the church.

In 268, he died of illness. He was the first non-martyred bishop of the Church of Rome more than 200 years ago. But after the new emperor Aurelian came to the throne, the church was again suppressed. On the 30th of the month, the 26th bishop St. Philaeus I was martyred to help Christians escape persecution, and his support for the Trinity and the incarnation of Jesus Christ, and his opposition to the Arian (Paulus of Samosata) doctrine that Jesus is not God became the mainstream of Christian thought. After the death of Emperor Aurelian, the Church was restored to its legal status. After the 29th bishop Marcelin, Christians infiltrated all levels of the empire on a large scale.

In 301, the Armenian Church, which was located outside the Roman Empire, became the first state religion in the Armenian Church, inherited from the Twelve Apostles of Jesus and St. Simon and St. Baltholomew. In 302, after the new emperor Diocletian came to power, the new emperor Diocletian of the Roman Empire launched another campaign of repression in the name of purging the infidels. The confiscation of weapons from Christian soldiers, confiscation of church property, burning of Bibles, and the repression intensified by the alleged arson of Christians in the palace twice. It was decreed that believers should die, and unbelievers should live. It is for the "last great persecution" in the history of the church. (To be continued.) )

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