As a book of wisdom, the core of the book is the discussion of the origin of "wisdom". Pen × fun × Pavilion www. ｂｉｑｕｇｅ。 ｉｎｆｏ

In the argument between Job and Sanyou, both sides consider themselves to have "wisdom" and both question the "wisdom" of the other.

Highlighting the core of "wisdom" with exquisite literary technique, he places a flowery "song of wisdom" at the center of the book's structure, declaring in a calm tone that is very different from the atmosphere of debate:

Human "wisdom" is bankrupt, and God is the source of "wisdom".

There is no shortage of "wisdom" passages, and the psalmist solemnly declares at the end of the one hundred and eleventh chapters:

"The fear of Jehovah is the beginning of wisdom."

At the beginning of the book, the purpose of writing is to teach people how to obtain "wisdom", which is essentially the skill and art of life, which can help people achieve a successful and fulfilling life.

At the end of the book is a neat and elegant poem in which the poet praises the "virtuous woman" for the function of "wisdom" to make the life of those who possess it profitable.

The core is to emphasize the importance of "fear of the Lord" in daily life, and what preachers are trying to seek is actually "wisdom", that is, how to face the "wisdom" of life in a "foggy" world.

Focus on reflection and objective exploration, and talk about issues that are deeply hidden in people's hearts. Different from ordinary philosophical and theological works, when conveying the author's philosophical and theological reflections, precise philosophical language and theological terminology are rarely used, but through the extensive use of poetic dialogues of the characters to express their rational thinking, and the profound truths are hidden in the personalized words of the characters.

At the beginning and end, the prose style is peaceful and narrative, and in the middle, a special poetic dialogue is used to express complex emotions, and Job's strong cry and struggle are expressed with rhetoric such as paradox, irony, and symbolism.

The plot progresses slowly, with a calm and unhurried style, and the reader needs to read it carefully to grasp the profound connotation expressed with the help of artistic techniques.

It is a great poet's inner struggle to find the true meaning of life. The gist of the book is the classic text of the Hebrews dealing with the subject of "suffering." The purpose of writing is to explore the breadth and obscurity of God's justice in the world.

It is a debate of wisdom, because the dispute between Job and the three friends revolves around "who has wisdom", and at the heart of it is the question of the origin of wisdom.

It is a comedy narrative work composed of intellectual literature, drama, lyrical literature and tragedy.

While praising the dignity and purity of human love, the author guides people to explore the empirical "wisdom" of how to correctly handle the relationship between men and women. The authors of the "poetry books" have explored "wisdom" in different ways to a greater or lesser extent, and their results are mostly through literary techniques and poetic expressions, rather than abstract explanations and definitions.

In the beautiful way of singing duets between men and women, it tells people that love is a gift from God. With a variety of descriptive means that can arouse the reader's senses and feelings, to express lingering feelings, convey the meaning of thoughts, and express a romantic, sincere and sacred artistic conception.

It contains the thoughts and feelings expressed to God by the pious poet: the attitude and choice of the conflict between good and evil; Praise and reflect on God's actions in the creation of history, nature, humanity, and human life.

There are not only short words of wisdom, but also long teachings that the wise man used to convey religious truths and to teach the wisdom of life and tradition to young people effectively.

Wise people love to use anthropomorphic techniques, turning abstract statements into concrete image of character language, and hiding profound truths in personalized shouts.

It begins with a poem describing the world that "wisdom" cannot grasp, but is destined to be—ascribe everything to the name of "vanity," and then the preacher uses the oldest literary expression—the method of exploration—to examine the life and the things that the world has: such as toil, work, wisdom, wealth, pleasure, fame, power, longevity, and so on.

Through storytelling, let the reader "understand". The Preacher reveals the nature of human life and gives guidance and guidance.

By describing the mundane and simple situations of real life, the preacher teaches people to understand that "joy" is God's grace and encourages people to live each day happily.

However, since the 60s of the 20th century, as the ecological crisis has become more and more obvious and serious, and as the trend of ecological thought has become more and more magnificent, ecological thinkers and ecological critics have increasingly strengthened their criticism of the ideas and concepts that promote human beings to conquer, plunder, transform and dominate nature.

The view of man and nature is a major object of this critique.

The first direct critique of anti-ecological thought was the American ecological thinker and writer Rachel Carson.

As early as 1962, Carson pointed out that human tyranny over nature has deep ideological roots, the most important of which is anthropocentrism, which has dominated human consciousness and behavior for thousands of years.

She points out that "Judeo-Christian doctrine dominates our minds with the idea that man is the centre of nature" and that "man sees himself as the master of all the material on the earth, and considers everything on the earth - animate and inanimate, animals, plants and minerals - even the earth itself - to be created specifically for man".

Carson calls for a deep critique and radical rejection of anthropocentrism and the idea of subjugation and domination over nature.

In 1967, the American historian Lynn White pointed out in his famous article "a milestone in ecocriticism" that "Judeo-Christian anthropocentrism" was "the ideological and cultural root of the ecological crisis."

It "forms the basis of all our beliefs and values," "guides our science and technology," and encourages people to "treat nature as rulers."

White's article caused an uproar in Western intellectual, religious, and cultural circles, and had a major role in promoting the development of ecological thought. Since White, many scholars have criticized Judeo-Christian doctrine.

Historian Toynbee said, "It reads like a permit for a population explosion, and like a permit to encourage mechanization and pollution."

The ecological thinker Pasmore points out that the West's attitude towards nature is one of hubris, "which has persisted in the post-Christian world, which has led people to treat nature as a 'ravaged captive' rather than a 'beloved collaborator.'"

That's where we started. "Christianity encourages man to regard himself as the absolute master of nature, for whom all existence is arranged."

"This particular Christian attitude towards nature derives to a large extent from its anthropocentric nature."

Taylor, a well-known ecological thinker, analyzes: "The attitude of exploitation is the dominant attitude towards the natural world of most people today, at least most people in Western civilization." This attitude at all times treats nature as a mere storehouse of physical and biological resources, for human consumption or exploitation for human purposes.

Nature exists only for us, not for other living beings; Only we have the right to use nature as a tool. A highly developed civilization is nothing more than something that 'subdues' the wilderness, 'conquers' nature, and puts nature at the service of humanity so that people can enjoy a better life. ”

Sociologist Wilson indignantly asserts: "No ugly ideology can do as much harm as the self-indulgent anthropocentrism that is antithetical to nature." ”

Sections 26-30 of chapter 1 (which have a similar idea, such as the passage in which God authorized mankind to conquer and rule over nature, such as God's authorization for mankind to "multiply and multiply.")

to fill the earth and rule over the earth," and "to rule over the fish of the sea, and over the birds of the air, and over every living creature that moves on the earth." The Hebrew words "governance" and "management" both have the meaning of "trampling" and "oppressing."

According to the ancient Hebrew and the expert Hibbert, the meaning is used to describe the use of force to force others to submit, especially the conquest of the enemy, the occupation of the enemy's territory, and the forcing of the enemy into slavery;

Originally used to describe military invasion, destruction, and domination over Israel's enemies, rada was also later used to describe the rule of the head of the family over the family and domestic slaves.

The most important words are used throughout the book, meaning brutal beating or suppression. Both of these words are used to describe acts of conquest and enslavement, and both give the image that:

The conqueror gained complete domination and put his foot on the neck of the defeated enemy. Therefore, it is not surprising that such a result occurs:

Christians traditionally interpret these words as God's authorization to conquer, enslave, exploit, and exploit nature for their own ends. ”

The critique of the ecological perspective of Wright and others has angered most theologians. Many of them began to reinterpret these anti-ecological ideas and worked hard to unearth them.

As a result, ecological theology, which occupies an important position in contemporary ecological thought, came into being. Even so, however, ecotheologians can hardly convincingly prove that it is entirely green.