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Fourth, the ancient Egyptian medical and commercial pit daddy!

A bad diet can cause diseases, and if you are sick, you have to treat them, which is what happened to ancient Egyptian medicine.

By the standards of B.C., ancient Egyptian medicine can be said to be quite advanced, and has been classified to a very detailed point, according to the ancient Greek historian Herodotus in his book "History": "...... The medical techniques (of the Egyptians) were divided in such a way that each doctor was required to master only one disease and not more. Everywhere I went, there were doctors, and the division of medical services was very strict, and each doctor was responsible for one disease. Some doctors only take care of the eyes, some only take care of the teeth, and some only take care of the stomach ......"

In short, the division of labor in ancient Egyptian medicine was quite detailed, and it was the first of its kind to specialize, including ophthalmologists, dentists, headache doctors, abdominal doctors, and hand and foot doctors...... Etcetera. But, unfortunately, the prescription they prescribed...... In addition to the common herbs, they also like to mix all kinds of soil into it, as well as all kinds of strange animal feces and urine - just like in "Journey to the West", Sun Wukong used horse urine to pinch pills to treat people......

As for the ancient Egyptians' treatment for toothache, it was even more terrifying - a fresh rat was killed and skinned, and then it was stuffed into the mouth and chewed bloodily, like chewing gum, while the rat's tail was still cocking outside...... When archaeologists were studying an ancient Egyptian mummy in 4ooo B.C., a skinned mouse appeared in its digestive tract, which shows that this "raw rat" therapy is not fictional.

In a sense, the use of mice to treat dental diseases fully embodies the primitive medical concept of early human beings of "what to eat and what to supplement".

To sum up, those who happily traveled to the world of ancient Egypt were afraid that as soon as they got there, they would first be stripped and shaved and humiliated, and then suffer from tooth decay and stomach problems due to an unhealthy diet, and then they would be poured with horse manure by quacks, and even forced to eat rats raw!

And the treatment of trauma in ancient Egypt is also very strange, mainly using moldy bread to treat wound infections...... Let's hope it doesn't make it worse!

What's worse is that when the ancient Egyptian doctor couldn't diagnose what disease the patient had, he would claim that it was a demon that had entered your body, was sucking your bone marrow, and then slowly devoured **...... The only countermeasure is to pray to the gods to ward off evil spirits. And the method of exorcism is like this, first let the patient take an emetic, vomit darkly, and then let the doctor jump vigorously on the patient, while trampling on the patient's **, while shouting: "Go back, evil ghost!" The incantation of the god Horus is calling you - he will cut you off, tear you apart! ”

Obviously, after being tossed in such a way, he was already a weak and weak patient, and he was really going to be summoned to heaven by the gods.

After talking about ancient Egypt, which seems to be very scientific and advanced, but in fact it is not reliable enough, let's talk about the business of ancient Egypt.

As early as the early days of ancient Egyptian civilization, there was already a fairly prosperous domestic and international trade. At that time, Egypt exported large quantities of grain, beer, flax, alabaster, and papyrus, which was a specialty of Egypt. Imports are mainly timber and metal, which are lacking in the country. Egypt's capitals and border cities, especially the upper reaches of the Nile and its estuary, formed a series of thriving trading markets.

However, it should be pointed out that ancient Egypt never made its metal coinage known, and it was not until the eve of the end of ancient Egyptian civilization that Greek merchants brought coins to Egypt. The earliest gold and silver coinage was in the old land of the Hittite Empire, a kingdom called Lydia, where the heroine of "Heaven is the Red River" crossed by Yuri, a kingdom called Lydia - but the time was hundreds of years after the fall of the Hittites.

Therefore, in ancient Egypt, if you wanted to buy something on the street, you had to barter or use shells, gold and silver nuggets as general equivalents. But the "face value" of the shells was too small for many people to reject, and the gold and silver were not real currency, so they could not be exchanged directly, and the gold and silver had to be carefully weighed in every transaction, and there was a pair of fiery eyes that could distinguish the color of gold and silver - fake gold made of lead wrapped in gold leaf, which had existed at that time.

In addition, the ancient Egyptians used many other circulation intermediaries, such as various rare stones, but the problem of conversion has not been improved, and there is no official rate of exchange.

In this way, doing business in ancient Egypt can be a headache, and you don't know how to calculate the accounts, and you can't even figure out whether you have lost or earned. This is because the ratio of goods to huàn fluctuates all the time, but there is no clear currency to measure it......

Of course, according to the general routine of time-traveling novels, the price of food should be used as a benchmark in this case. And that's exactly what the ancient Egyptians did by setting a unit called "sati" to refer to a certain amount of grain, and then converting the price of goods in the market into "satti". For example, according to a surviving bill, a bed at that time was worth about 4 "saties".

However, the problem is that grain prices fluctuated very much in the ancient world, and the difference between grain prices in famine years and good years could even be dozens of times. Even in different seasons of the same year, food prices can often fluctuate several times over. Merchant ships and camel caravans often travel from a few months to a year or two on the road...... So, when the Egyptian merchant returned home after doing business, he still didn't know whether he had lost or earned.

It was not until the New Kingdom, the last stage of ancient Egyptian civilization, that the Egyptian government began to introduce a silver ring with a specified weight and fineness as a legal general equivalent. Eight of these silver rings could buy a cow or exchange a male slave for four days of service (it can be seen that slaves in Egypt were very expensive at that time, and a slave could be exchanged for a herd of cattle). But then, before the ancient Egyptians could figure out the real currency on their own, the Lydians in Asia Minor were the first to discover gold and silver coins, which were brought into Egypt by Greek and Phoenician merchants.