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10. Manchukuo, where even the Manchurians have to rise up

If we want to give a more comprehensive description of the old Chinese society in the Republic of China era, we cannot fail to mention the history of Japanese colonial rule over China.

In the 38-year history of the entire Republic of China era, the all-out war of resistance alone accounted for eight years, and in the three northeastern provinces, the puppet Manchukuo supported by the Japanese lasted for 14 years, which is almost the same as the reign of the Beiyang warlords there. As for Taiwan and the Liaodong Peninsula (then Japan's "Kanto Prefecture"), they were always under the iron heel of the Japanese invaders from the beginning of the Republic of China era until Japan's defeat and surrender in 1945.

In the history textbooks of China's Big 6, there is not much ink about the puppet Manchukuo, but those who have gone to school know that this so-called Manchukuo is nothing more than a puppet regime created by the Japanese on Chinese soil with bayonets and cannons, and a colony under the guise of a last emperor. During the 14 years of colonial rule, the Japanese Kwantung Army, which actually ruled this land at that time, committed heinous crimes against the people of the three northeastern provinces, in addition to the tyrannical expropriation and brutal suppression, there was also the notorious Unit 731 for its physical body, and there were no less than dozens of mass graves of all kinds. Although these tragic events may not seem as deafening as the Nanjing Massacre, they are enough to make the people of China grieve and indignant.

In recent years, the "Party of Truth" and the "reversal of cases" in the domestic historiography circles have become more and more intense, and the public intellectuals have first swarmed to worship Europe and the United States, envy Hong Kong and India, which have become British colonies, and advocate the bizarre theory that "China also needs to be colonized for 300 years to become strong." Then, as if they were not enough, they actually began to sing the praises of the Japanese invaders in China's modern history, who were extremely vicious and bloody in modern history, describing the Japanese occupation areas as prosperous and rich places to live, so that they came up with the following narrative:

- There was once a magical land with roads 3 times that of China, 9 times the electricity of China, 13 times the industrial output of China, its largest city (Shenyang) with the reputation of the Ruhr of the East, its citizens enjoying infrastructure and education and medical services that were much better than China's, the long queue of Chinese waiting for immigrants in front of its gates, its movies popular all over the Far East, its heroic army liberating Nanjing with friendly forces (the Japanese army) (and then the massacre?). and its name was Manchukuo......

Mao Yushi, one of the famous representatives of contemporary China's "public intellectuals," even publicly stated: "...... A piece of land within the territory of China. Now it is a foreign country, but the people there live more freely and their income has increased. Do you agree or disagree? If it is country-oriented, the answer is no; If it's people-oriented, the answer is yes. I'm in favor of putting people first. When the interests of the state and the interests of the people are not aligned, the interests of the state should be subordinated to the interests of the people. The country should sacrifice for the people, not the people for the country......"

Well, in view of the above numbers and descriptions, could it be that the puppet Manchukuo, which was originally thought to be "miserably **** under the iron hooves of the Japanese invaders", is actually really like the propaganda of the Japanese invading army, a royal paradise of "harmony of the five ethnic groups, coexistence and common prosperity"?

To be honest, compared with the scorched earth ruins on the battlefields of the Central Plains and the south of the Yangtze River, in the puppet Manchukuo, where the ruling order was relatively stable, the Japanese did not blindly destroy and loot, but spent a lot of effort to manage it. At that time, the Japanese government had already regarded Manchuria as an ironclad homeland, so it invested heavily in the development of various infrastructures, and built a huge industrial complex in Manchuria, such as the Fengman Hydropower Station, the "mother of hydropower in Asia", the Anshan Iron and Steel Works, which was the largest in China in terms of steel output at that time, the Dalian Hospital of the Manchurian Railway, the largest in Northeast Asia, and the Asiana Express Train, which was known as the "originator of the Shinkansen" in the future, and so on.

As for the capital of Manchukuo, "Xinjing" (i.e., Changchun), it was designed and planned by foreign experts, and it is claimed that it was built more advanced than Tokyo, Japan.

However, there is a very acute question - who is the "national" who enjoys this qiē referring to? Chinese or Japanese?

In order to clear our minds that have been confused by the above statements, a simple analogy can be made here.

Imagine when the Mayflower, which made the history of the United States of America, appeared on the coast of North America with the dreams and hopes of the English Puritans, and the local Indians stood on the beach with turkeys and corn, watching the Mayflower dock in ignorance, a traveler suddenly appeared and told them all about the history of North America that would be born in the next 500 years, then what would these Indians do?

According to contemporary domestic intellectuals, the recent history of the Big 6 in North America can probably be described as follows: "...... This rich land is so ignorant and desolate in the territory of your Indian tribes, not only does it not even have a decent city, but it still retains such a backward custom of human sacrifice, which is so barbaric that it makes people laugh! In the future, although this land will be returned to foreign countries, the people there will live more freely, their income will also increase, and the uncivilized country will become the most powerful world hegemon in one fell swoop! Do you agree or disagree with this fact? If it is country-oriented, the answer is no; If it's people-oriented, the answer is yes. I'm in favor of putting people first. When the interests of the state and the interests of the people are not aligned, the interests of the state should be subordinated to the interests of the people. The state should sacrifice for the people, not the people for the country...... Therefore, you should be pleased to welcome the birth of the United States of America, a great nation with the hopes of humanity on its shoulders and a symbol of civilization, democracy and freedom......"

But the problem is that, according to my speculation, the reaction of the Indians at first sight upon learning of this future fate would certainly not have been to happily give turkeys and corn to the whites, to consciously and voluntarily make room for them, to resign themselves to the whites by bullets and pestilence, or to expel them to Indian reservations in the wilderness, and at the same time to rejoice in the birth of a great United States of America on this land. There will also be a Thanksgiving in honor of these stupid natives...... Instead, he screamed and pulled out his bow and arrows and spears, and would rather kill all these white people!

The reason is also very simple: the dreams and hopes of the white Europeans on board are the disasters and despairs of the American Indians.

In the puppet Manchukuo at that time, the relationship between the Japanese and the Chinese was actually as different as that between white immigrants and indigenous Indians.

- Just as the great America was only a nightmare for the Indians, "Manchukuo" was definitely not a paradise for Chinese......

First of all, before talking about the social appearance of the puppet Manchukuo, let us first trace the situation of the three northeastern provinces in the early Republic of China.

Since entering the customs and Dingding, the Manchu royal family has always regarded the northeast region as the last self-reserved land of the dynasty, and was ready to "come from and go back" when the situation was unfavorable, so it set up a "wicker side" to hinder population migration, and forbade the Han people in the Central Plains to reclaim the "land of Longxing" in the northeast, which greatly hindered the development of the northeast region - until the eve of the Opium War, the entire three northeastern provinces still had only 3oo million people, which was almost the same as the end of the Ming Dynasty. Moreover, even such a small population was mainly concentrated in Liaoning, the southernmost part of the three northeastern provinces, and the total population under the jurisdiction of General Jilin at that time was only 60,000 or 70,000, with an average of only one person per 10 square kilometers, and the population density was even worse than that of Tibet today.

However, what the Qing emperor did not expect was that it was precisely because the Northeast region had been unopened for a long time and lacked the minimum population and resources that the local government in the Northeast was simply unable to resist the Russians who came from Europe - after the Second Opium War, the Russians only relied on coercion and intimidation to occupy 1oo0,000 square kilometers of fertile land in the Outer Northeast!

After learning from the pain, the Qing Dynasty gradually relaxed the policy of "wicker border sealing" from 186o onwards, allowing the Han people to open Manchuria. After the First Sino-Japanese War, in order to resist the encroachment of Japan and Russia, the Qing court finally lifted the ban completely, and tried its best to encourage the Han people to go out of the customs to reclaim wasteland. By the early days of the Republic of China, the three northeastern provinces had a population of 20 million. Later, Zhang Zuolin and Zhang Xueliang, father and son, who ruled the Northeast, also continued this policy of "immigrating to the real border", and finally on the eve of the "918" incident in Japan, the population of Northeast China increased to about 30 million.

In the early part of the Republic of China, in the eyes of the common people in North China, who had frequent civil wars and famines, and the people were struggling to make a living, the fertile black land outside Shanhaiguan was like the new American 6 in the eyes of Europeans in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, a "field of hope". The crowd of people who went out from Shandong, Hebei and other places to "break into the eastern part of the country" was also as endless as the Europeans who crossed the Atlantic Ocean to immigrate to the United States in the last century.

Although bandits were rampant in the northeast at that time, as unorderly as the western wilderness in the American western, the black land of "sticking and scooping fish", as well as rich coal mines, iron mines and gold mines, was still full of temptation for Chinese, who had longed for a piece of land for generations. And this black soil did not fail to live up to the hard work of Chinese farmers, and soon gave them unimaginably rich harvests.

For example, in the TV series "Breaking through the East", there is such a plot: when the protagonist Zhu Kaishan's family fled the famine in Shandong, they were about to starve to death, but when they settled in the Northeast in the first year, they ate steaming white dumplings during the Chinese New Year, in addition to a table full of chicken, fish and duck meat, these situations are basically true. There is also an episode of content that after the Zhu family became a landlord in the Northeast, the long-term workers did not work, and the reason was that "I haven't eaten meat for two days!" It can be seen that the dietary level of the people in Northeast China at that time was not only better than that of North China, but also perhaps higher than that of South Korea in the future.

In addition, because the land in the Northeast is fertile, the land is vast and sparsely populated, so unlike the small-scale peasant economy that has lasted for thousands of years in the Northeast, the grain production in the Northeast has reached a high commodity rate in modern times, not only grain self-sufficiency is not a problem, the commodity grain in the Northeast is also exported to the Northeast and abroad in large quantities, and the Northeast soybean is even more famous in the world, so that the people who have migrated here have quickly lived a relatively rich life.

Next, the industry and commerce in the Northeast also relied on commercial agriculture to gradually establish up, although in the early days only engaged in some small workshops for grinding flour and extracting oil, not as bold as the Westernization Movement in the mainland, but due to the abundant funds and relatively stable environment, the national industry and commerce in the Northeast developed quite rapidly in the early Republic of China. By the eve of the "918" incident, the northeast region had formed a heavy industry system centered on iron and steel and coal, as well as a light industry system centered on grain processing, textiles, and food industries, and had established the country's largest flour, alcohol, and beer production bases, which were not only able to compete with the industrial cities in the Yangtze River valley, but even posed a serious threat to Japan's commodity dumping.

Since Zhang Zuolin took over as the patrol envoy of the three northeastern provinces in 1918, a relatively peaceful environment has been maintained in the three northeastern provinces. Although there were several short-lived wars such as Guo Songling's rebellion and the Middle East Road incident, they did not last long and the damage caused was not very large. As for the two fierce Zhifeng wars, they were basically fought in Shanhaiguan. Compared with the war-torn Central Plains, the northeast is already very peaceful.

Therefore, in the northeast region in the early Republic of China, although there was also the oppression of the government and the ravages of bandits, those Central Plains immigrants who broke into the eastern part of the country still plunged headlong into this new world full of hope. They panned for gold, farmed, ran restaurants, ran warehouses, ran horse gangs, opened coal mines, and worked tirelessly to live a prosperous life.

At that time, the three northeastern provinces were the richest regions in China, and the people's living standards were even slightly higher than those of Japan in the same period (of course, among the common people of the imperialist powers, the Japanese were definitely the worst). And the prosperity of Shenyang and Harbin is no less than that of Shanghai and Tianjin.

However, this thriving scene was completely changed with the gunfire of the "918" incident.

- Because, the Japanese have long been eyeing this rich and vast black land.

As early as the end of the Edo period before the Meiji Restoration, the Japanese regarded the Tohoku region as one of the key targets of their aggression and expansion. Yoshida Shoin, a famous ideological pioneer at that time, once publicly said when he expounded the way to strengthen the country: "...... For the sake of the present...... Conquer Ezo (Hokkaido), capture Manchuria (northeastern China), Korea, annex the South, and then defeat the United States and subdue Europe, and you will be invincible! ”

Then, through the Sino-Japanese War and the Russo-Japanese War, Japan succeeded in seizing the Liaodong Peninsula and gaining a number of economic privileges in the northeast region. Then, the radical Japanese militarists, who had an increasing appetite, finally launched the "918" incident in 1931 under the planning of Ishihara Waner, annexed the three northeastern provinces of China in one fell swoop, and announced the establishment of "Manchukuo" the following year, realizing the colonial rule of this land.

So far, the lives of the 30 million Chinese in northeast China have fallen from the original bitterness and happiness to the abyss of hell.

So, what kind of country is this so-called "Manchukuo"?

On the surface, judging by the name of the country, this should be a country dominated by Manchus. At a glance, the Japanese did bring out Pu Yi, the last emperor of the former Qing Dynasty, as a puppet, and a group of Manchu remnants as a foil......

But the problem is that, first of all, the internal affairs, foreign affairs, and national defense undertakings of this "country" are all under the full control of the Japanese colonialists, and Emperor Puyi does not want to say that he is in charge of the country's major affairs, and he cannot even be the master of his own marriage and family. Secondly, the Manchu people who were brought out by the Japanese to decorate the façade and enjoy special treatment in terms of living status are just a handful of former Manchu nobles. As for the Manchus at the bottom, who accounted for the majority, not only did they not benefit from the establishment of the puppet state of Manchukuo, but they were negatively affected by it.

It should be particularly pointed out that the Manchus in the three northeastern provinces did not enjoy the same special treatment as the Qing Dynasty in the so-called "Manchukuo" -- neither the restoration of the Eight Banners system, nor the "hardcore crops" of the banner people, nor even the shaving of braids, so no matter how you look at it, you cannot find anything in common with the former Qing Dynasty...... In the land of the puppet state of Manchukuo, only the Japanese invaders and some Korean spies could really enjoy the "national treatment", while the Manchus, Han Chinese, and Mongols who originally lived in the three northeastern provinces were also the targets of oppression and discrimination, and there was basically no difference.

For the Japanese, who were bent on annexing Manchu and Mongolia at that time, this Manchukuo was just a temporary transitional ruling tool before the three northeastern provinces were formally included in the territory. As for asking the Japanese to spend a huge amount of money to restore the Eight Banners system, and to provide for hundreds of thousands or even millions of Eight Banners children who eat white rice all day long, carry cages, and drink tea...... Please, the Japanese Empire came to Manchuria to expand its land and plunder resources, not to engage in charity relief! The Yamato nation itself has no such a leisurely life to live!

In the same way, the army of the puppet Manchukuo was not a copy of the Manchu Eight Banners, but a colonial army with Han Chinese soldiers as the main body, and Japanese or Korean officials holding real power—having said that, with the declining appearance of the children of the Eight Banners of the late Qing Dynasty, they really could not be expected to fight wars.

In short, the puppet state of Manchukuo was definitely not a continuation of the Manchu dynasty, but just a puppet regime of the Japanese colonies selling dog meat on the head of a sheep.

- In fact, in the social system of the puppet Manchukuo "Five Ethnic Harmony", the Japanese were naturally the first class, the Koreans who had been ruled by Japan for half a century were considered the second class, and the local Manchus, Mongols, and Han Chinese were all the third class, that is, "Manchurians". Just as in the former North American colonies, the British from the suzerains were naturally the first class, the whites from other European countries were the second class, and the native Indians, regardless of their tribe, were the lowliest.

Therefore, with the exception of a very small number of Manchu nobles who enjoyed special treatment, the low-level Manchu people who did not get any benefit from it never regarded this "Manchukuo" as their motherland as they did with the Qing Dynasty. On the contrary, although the vast majority of Manchu compatriots in the Northeast at that time also endured countless oppressions and insults under the iron hooves of the Japanese invaders. However, due to the shameless traitorous acts of the deposed emperor Fu Yi and a small number of former Qing nobles, as well as the poor flow of information at that time, many people in the interior who did not know the truth still regarded the Manchus who "colluded with the Japanese to betray the motherland" as the target of anger.

- Due to the poverty, weakness, decay and betrayal of the late Qing court, since the Xinhai Revolution, the entire Chinese society has always been generally filled with a strong sense of fullness. With the fall of the three northeastern provinces and the establishment of the puppet state of Manchukuo, the national rejection of the "traitorous Manchus" broke out again along with the anti-Japanese ideology to save the country, and there were discriminatory attacks against the Manchus and the Manchu remnants everywhere.

During this period, many Manchus in North China had to conceal their ethnic composition and change their surnames to Han names, not daring to admit that they were Manchus...... In this regard, the Japanese invaders basically did not mean to support the Manchurians at the bottom, let alone really regard them as superior to the Han Chinese.

At the same time, the true masters of the puppet state of Manchukuo for the next 14 years, like the English Puritans on the "Mayflower" more than 300 years ago, happily crossed the sea from the Japanese archipelago with the dream of becoming rich, like locusts.

——This is the "Manchurian Pioneer Group" that makes the Chinese in the three northeastern provinces hate and gnash their teeth.

Long before the September 18 Incident, the Japanese had drawn up a plan to seize the resource-rich Northeast of China and establish a "new Japan" there, and they had carried out a long-term incendiary propaganda campaign against the people. At that time, there was a very popular "Song of the Horse Thief" in Japan, and it was openly sang: "...... You also go, I will go, we will all go to Manchuria; Japan is small and has no livelihood, and across the sea is Manchuria. The magnificent land is waiting for me ......"

In order to encroach on more than one million square kilometers of fertile land in Northeast China, the Japanese authorities have almost unabashedly encouraged ronins and retired military officers to become pioneers in Northeast China. As for what exactly these Japanese ronins are doing in China...... It's basically the same thing the Spaniards did to Native Americans.

After the establishment of the puppet state of Manchukuo, Japan's immigration to Northeast China reached a peak - from 1932, Japan carried out several practical immigration to Northeast China. The immigrants were recruited from among the Japanese soldiers, organized according to the form of the army, given weapons, and practiced farming and warfare. In 1936, the Japanese authorities listed immigration to Northeast China as one of the "Seven Great Policies" and prepared to use 1937 to carry out an invasion plan of armed immigrants to Northeast China to transfer 1 million households and 5 million people in 10 years.

Although this plan was not fully implemented due to the impact of the war, by the time of Japan's surrender, the number of Japanese immigrants to Tohoku had reached nearly two million (not all of them belonged to the Manchurian Pioneer Group, and many Japanese emigrated to the cities of Tohoku).

With the arrival of these two million Japanese immigrants, a terrible nightmare suddenly befell the heads of 30 million people in the Northeast.

These Japanese immigrants came to the Northeast almost empty-handed, and then wanted to settle down here, and a qiē of land, houses, and cultivated cattle naturally had to be forcibly plundered from the Chinese - they, the Japanese masters who came to be the superior people, would not work hard to reclaim the wasteland by themselves like the Chinese who broke into the eastern part of the country, but forcibly plundered the mature land of the Chinese, whether it was dry land or paddy field, generally only five cents per mu, almost equal to taking it for nothing (Northeast at that time, The price per acre fluctuates between 6o silver dollars and 15o silver dollars). In the later period, the Japanese simply did not give even five cents, and directly declared the destination of Japanese immigrants as a "danger zone" under the pretext of "maintaining law and order", and drove the local peasants away.

For example, in the sixth year of the puppet Manchukuo Kant (194o), the puppet Manchukuo authorities suddenly ordered the villagers of Fabelatun in Aihui County: "You all move out and use them for the Japanese pioneer group", but there was no compensation plan at all. On the night of December 1, under the guns of the Japanese army and the puppet Manchurians, more than 300 people in Quantun were forced to move out of Fabelatun, crying in the wilderness, homeless, and scattered, especially in the cold days of the lunar month, everyone suffered from freezing and starvation, and after moving to the new "resettlement site", there was only a wilderness in front of them, and there were no houses or arable land, and many people died of cold and starvation.

However, what is too easy to come by will not be cherished. Many Japanese immigrants who were indulgent and indulgent, after plundering large tracts of ready-made fields, did not intend to cultivate them themselves, but were bent on leisurely and enjoying the local owners. So, they took back the Chinese peasants who had been driven out and worked as long-term laborers for themselves. Many people in Northeast China first changed from landlords to tenant farmers and even serfs overnight, and then they had to cultivate their own fields for the Japanese invaders.

Such tragic incidents are definitely not isolated cases in the puppet state of Manchukuo, but are numerous and numerous. By the time of Japan's defeat and surrender in 1945, the Japanese government had plundered as much as 3 land from the puppet state of Manchukuo. 900 million mu, accounting for 18 percent of the total area of "Manchukuo". 8%, or 65% of the total arable land area, is 3 of the cultivated land area in Japan (6oo million machibu). 7 times! Many Chinese peasants, whose ancestors had lived in the northeast for generations, were violently deprived of the land on which they depended for their livelihood and forced to sell cheap labor to the Japanese invaders.

As we all know, the land is the root of the Chinese peasants, and the perverse and tyrannical actions of the Japanese immigrants naturally aroused the widespread resistance of the people in Northeast China, thus giving birth to the "Northeast Anti-Japanese Alliance", that is, the Anti-Japanese Alliance, in this forest and snow field. Next, in order to suppress the Anti-Japanese Alliance, the Japanese Kwantung Army brazenly implemented a brutal "group tribe" policy in the northeast, forcing the people to leave the land and homes where they had lived for generations, moving to designated "tribes", concentrating them in the "human circle" with high walls, and burning down all the original villages, creating many desolate and uninhabited areas. The goal was to cut off the people of Northeast China from the anti-Japanese coalition forces, cut off the material support of the masses against the Japanese coalition forces, and prevent the expansion of the anti-Japanese armed forces.

And within these "group tribes", it is not much different from the concentration camps of Nazi Germany - the Japanese guards do not allow residents to close their doors in the "tribes", and they can enter and leave any family at will day and night, so that countless women are raped and humiliated by them, and the residents' belongings are robbed. These "tribes" are overpopulated, filthy and poor, with insufficient houses and farm tools, and even drinking water is difficult. Residents can only wait for death when they are sick, but the words "Royal Paradise" are written on the wall, which is really ironic.

In addition, the labor in these "tribes" was very heavy, all the men had to be conscripted to build roads and airfields, and during the crusade against the guerrillas, the Japanese army would force the Chinese youth to pick up ammunition and carry rice, but there was no compensation, not even food. Coupled with the lack of arable land, the lack of food, and the extreme brutality of the Japanese guards, the number of residents who froze, starved to death, and killed in the "group tribes" was terrifying. In Fushun County, for example, in 1937 alone, 3o% of the county's population was frozen to death, starved to death, died of disease, or were killed by the Kwantung Army because of "group tribes".

——It should be emphasized here that the auspicious place of the Qing Dynasty, the first capital of the Qing Dynasty Nurhachi, Hetuala, is in Fushun County...... Let's see, even the "dragon vein hiding place" of the Aixin Jueluo family can be so angry and resentful by this so-called "Manchukuo", what is the actual status of the Manchus in this country, it is naturally conceivable.

In short, 5 million peasants from Northeast China moved into a dark concentration camp and became serfs of the Japanese in infinite humiliation, and they would be killed if they were not careful. In every "group tribe", there is a history of blood and tears burned and plundered by the Japanese invaders.

As for the peasants in the northeast who were not incorporated into the "group tribes", they also suffered from the tyranny of expropriation and extortion -- as early as 1932, when the "Manchukuo" was just founded, the taxes levied by the puppet Manchu government on the peasants were four times higher than those under the rule of Marshal Zhang Xueliang. Next, in order to support the consumption of the war, the Japanese introduced the policy of "selling grain and grain" in the northeast region, and requisitioned grain from the peasants in the northeast at extremely low prices, which was called purchasing and actually robbing, plundering nearly 10 million tons of grain every year, and imposing the disaster of the war of aggression on the vast number of peasants in the northeast.

However, in order to solicit merit and reward from the Japanese masters, the puppet Manchukuo government went so far as to openly state: "When the pro-state is engaged in the Great East Asian Holy War, the main national policy of Manchukuo is to do its utmost to increase the production of agricultural products to support the holy war, and this is the responsibility of the central and local officials, as well as the obligation of the Manchurian people." It demanded that "under the wartime system, the people must endure a single grain of suffering, and an extra grain of grain is an additional bullet." As a result, the relatively affluent rural areas of Northeast China were quickly looted to the ground, and thousands of people starved to death every winter.

During the puppet Manchukuo era, the Chinese peasants in the three northeastern provinces were basically equivalent to medieval serfs. And the treatment of Chinese miners is even more miserable - before the 918 Incident, the Japanese opened up many mines in the northeast and hired Chinese labor to mine. However, since the establishment of the puppet state of Manchukuo, the "Labor Control Law" was promulgated, and from then on, it no longer paid laborers, but directly drove the people of Northeast China to serve in mines and construction sites without compensation in the name of "Fenggong" or "Fengshi". Such forced laborers were generally apportioned according to household registration, and were not limited to Han Chinese civilians, but also to Manchu-populated areas.

In the three northeastern provinces of the puppet Manchukuo era, each mine was a horrific concentration camp, crowded with the souls of Chinese laborers. The Japanese and Korean overseers were brutal and treated Chinese laborers like cattle. A large number of laborers who died of illness, exhaustion, or work-related injuries in the mines were pushed into mass graves for burial, often even alive, without being paid for medical treatment by Japanese bosses! According to the investigation of modern Chinese journalists, in Liaoning alone, there are 34 well-documented large-scale mass graves in the puppet state of Manchukuo, and at least 60,000 Chinese have been killed.

What is even more noteworthy is that in order to build the Dongning Fortress in Heilongjiang Province, known as the "Oriental Maginot Line", the Kwantung Army has requisitioned 170,000 workers in the northeast. After the completion of the project, the Japanese Kwantung Army secretly killed all the workers on the spot in order to cover up military secrets.

If the Chinese peasants of the puppet state of Manchukuo are like serfs in the European Middle Ages, then the Chinese laborers who were forcibly conscripted into the mines and construction sites are simply slaves of the ancient Roman Empire who were at their mercy! And it's a free product that you don't have to pay for!

The Japanese authorities' repressive tactics against the workers' strikes were also brutal – after the Harbin railway workers went on strike in 194o because they could not bear the harsh treatment, the Fujiadian region, where thousands of Korean, Chinese, and Belarusian railway workers were inhabited, suddenly became sick with typhoid fever, and many families died...... It was a long time before people were shocked to learn that this typhoid epidemic was actually artificially created by the Japanese army! The cause was that the Japanese Unit 731 mixed the tap water in the Fujiadian area with severe typhoid bacteria in an attempt to punish the striking masses with the disease, but because the technology of Unit 731 to release the germs was not up to standard, the plague spread to the whole city, causing the 100,000 Japanese living in Harbin to also suffer from it, and many people died of the disease. A Japanese journalist angrily tried to find out about this, but was assassinated by the Kwantung Army.

As for the so-called "long queues of Chinese waiting to emigrate in front of the gates of Manchukuo," most of them were forced laborers from North China, Shandong, and other places to serve in the mines of puppet Manchukuo in order to make up for the shortage of labor in the three northeastern provinces by the Japanese Kwantung Army and the Chinese Dispatch Army. If this can also be considered immigration, then we seem to be able to say, "...... Before the Civil War, there was a long queue of blacks waiting to immigrate to the United States from Africa...... Although they came in handcuffs and shackles on a slave ship, and they were about to be branded as soon as they got off the ship......"

Then, in the cities of the puppet state of Manchukuo, the Chinese also had to live an unusually humiliating life, to name just a few—first, Japanese was required to be spoken in schools and in public, or the now-abandoned "Concord language" (a strange mixture of Chinese and Japanese), and those who could not speak it were beaten; Second, in government and educational institutions, Japanese officials not only wield real power, but also paid three to ten times as much as Chinese counterparts at the same level. Finally, and the most criticized one: Chinese are forbidden to eat rice and white noodles, otherwise they are economic criminals!

- In order to plunder grain from puppet Manchukuo to the maximum, the Japanese have been trying to reduce the local grain consumption of puppet Manchukuo in order to grab food from the mouths of the Chinese. For this reason, the law of the puppet Manchukuo clearly stipulates that rice, white flour and other fine grains are only supplied to the excellent Yamato nation; Koreans are considered Japanese peninsulars who can eat small rice mixed with rice; The Manchus, Mongols, and Han Chinese are all inferior ethnic groups that strictly prohibit the consumption of rice and white flour. Only a very small number of high-ranking traitors and puppet Manchu royals can enjoy special treatment and receive a few kilograms of rice per month......

But the problem is that, according to the rationing standards set by the puppet Manchukuo, there are so few "inferior peoples" who can legally receive rice that even the police chief of the puppet Manchukuo is not qualified, let alone the ordinary rich. As for the farmers in the northeast who grow these rices, according to the law, they can't even eat a grain of rice. The Japanese immigrants of the Manchurian Pioneer Corps not only did not need to pay agricultural taxes and fees, but also received monthly rations.

(In order to praise the merits of the puppet Manchurian national anthem, some "well-known" nonsense said that the Northeast did not produce rice originally, and it was the Japanese who brought rice seeds, so it was the rice cultivation that began to appear in the Northeast, so it is understandable that the Northeast rice was specially supplied to the Japanese...... But in fact, as early as the Tang Dynasty, the Bohai people had already begun to grow rice in the northeast. Although rice in Northeast China disappeared due to climate change and other reasons, rice cultivation in Liaodong was resumed again by the late Qing Dynasty at the latest, such as the famous Panjin rice, which became famous in China in the early 20th century. ）

Flour has also become a luxury for the Chinese, and only on traditional festivals such as the Spring Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival can each person be rationed a pound.

In this way, the rice and flour forcibly requisitioned by Japan from the rural areas of Tohoku were not only shipped to the Japanese mainland in large quantities, but also for the Kwantung Army and the Japanese who emigrated to Tohoku. And once Chinese is eaten rice and white flour, it is an economic offender, and the punishment is extremely severe—an old man from the countryside in Northeast China once recalled: "...... When the Japanese devils were in the Northeast, they had a hard time! At most, we can only eat bud rice and sorghum rice. During the New Year's holidays, when I get some delicious food at home, I secretly eat it in the middle of the night. A relative ate some rice, got motion sick on the train when he returned home, vomited out, was seen by the Japanese, and insisted that the Chinese were economic criminals who ate rice, and were arrested at that time. Later, it seems that he was dragged to work as a laborer and never returned home. ”

Another old man from Northeast China in a big city recalled: "...... At that time, the Japanese invaders classified the Chinese as third-class nationals, and they were oppressed and humiliated everywhere. We Chinese rice is not allowed to be eaten by Chinese, only by Japanese. Chinese can only eat moldy bud rice noodles and acorn noodles rationed by the Japanese, and are not allowed to eat rice. Whoever eats rice is considered an 'economic criminal', and he must be arrested and sent to the police station to be poured with cold water, and then punished with electricity. When the Chinese ate rice, they grabbed the Chinese, turned their faces to the sky, tied their heads to a long wooden bench, and poured water into their mouths and noses with foreign iron spouts, so that those who choked could not breathe. If you want to resist unconvinced, tie it to a chair and touch the Chinese with an 11o volt wire, making you sore and numb, and your whole body is suddenly beaten by electricity and faints. ”

According to statistics from the puppet state of Manchukuo, in the first year of the law alone, 310,000 people in Northeast China, or 1 percent of the population, were arrested for illegally eating rice and white noodles. Most of the fate of these "economic prisoners" is to be escorted to various mines to work as laborers, and finally end up in mass graves......

In the beginning, the ration ration stipulated by the puppet Manchukuo to the Chinese was 24 jin of sorghum rice or cornmeal and some miscellaneous beans per person per month in the city, and 3o jin of coarse grain per person per person in the countryside (slightly different places in different places).

The problem is that over time, this ration has dropped very quickly. According to the 1943 "Economic Intelligence" of the puppet Manchu, from 1942 onwards, the grain ration of the Chinese in the puppet Manchu territory has been decreasing almost every month, and in February 1943 the ration has been reduced to 18 jin, in April it was reduced to 1o jin, and in May the ration of 1o jin of coarse grain was mixed with 7 jin of moldy cornmeal. The child's ration is only 4 catties per month.

In the last few years, as the situation of the war became increasingly unfavorable, the Japanese army continued to increase its efforts to loot food. The food supply of the puppet state of Manchukuo deteriorated day by day, and the Japanese in the northeast began to eat sorghum rice. As for the Chinese, they can only eat "mixed noodles" made of corn, millet, elm seeds and sawdust, and "acorn noodles" made of acorns, which will make the stool hard when eaten too much, making people unable to pull out and unbearable pain.

However, even such poor food had to be bought in line at midnight at three watches - at that time, there was often no food to sell at the various grain distribution points. Sometimes the citizens stood in a long line and stood for a long time, only to be waiting for a sign that read "No food today".

The food rations of the puppet Manchurian government were so scarce, and there were many people who had lost their labor force that there was no way to get rations, so some families often ran out of food and had to feed on leaves, bark, rice bran and wild vegetables. Due to the lack of nutrition, the health of the people in Northeast China has declined, and various diseases have become rampant. Even the puppet Manchurian officials generally looked malnourished and dish-faced...... Compared with the scene when Zhang Dashuai was under the rule, even the long-term workers could occasionally eat a meal of meat, which really couldn't help but make the Northeast people grit their teeth with hatred for the Japanese devils.

In addition to grain, during the period of the Puppet Manchurians, meat, oil, sugar, soap, paper cigarettes, cloth, cotton, thread, salt, matches, kerosene, and other necessities of life had to be rationed. Moreover, these rations are always in flux, cloth and fuel are especially scarce, and there are many children who are bare-bottomed, and many of them are even wearing sacks. What's worse is that because the consumption of coal was strictly controlled by the Japanese army, many families could not afford to build fire pits in winter, so they could only shiver in hunger and cold, and the tragic incidents of freezing and starving to death were not uncommon.

Indeed, as described by some "experts," after occupying the three resource-rich provinces of Northeast China, the Japanese invaders, who lacked natural resources, in order to support their needs for further wars of aggression, imposed a policy of "opening up industry" to the Northeast region on the basis of the industries built by Zhang Dashuai for two generations. In 1943, Northeast China accounted for 49% of the country's coal production, pig iron accounted for about 87%, steel accounted for 93%, and electricity accounted for 78%; The industrial output value of the whole region accounts for about 56% of the gross national product, which is far higher than the national average. In addition, the Japanese also established the Manchurian Film Association Co., Ltd. (the predecessor of the Changchun Film Studio), the largest film enterprise in Asia at that time, and the Manchurian Railway Central Institute, the largest and most advanced comprehensive research institute in Northeast Asia at that time. And the urban construction of Xinjing (Changchun), the capital of the puppet Manchukuo, is indeed quite commendable.

But the question is, could this qiē construction achievement made by the Japanese in the puppet Manchukuo be for the Chinese?

Here, it is necessary to point out a fact: at that time, Japan set up many colleges and universities in the puppet Manchukuo, which seemed to be promoting the educational cause of the puppet Manchukuo, and many outstanding students were sent to Tokyo, Japan to study every year...... But do you know who you are studying at these universities?

At that time, more than 9o% of the teachers in Manchurian universities were Japanese, teaching in Japanese, and about half of the students were usually Japanese expatriates, and the rest were mostly Koreans, and the number of Chinese was always the smallest. For example, at Mukden Agricultural University, Japanese students account for 4o%; At Fengtian University of Technology, the percentage of Chinese students is only 1o%. At Datong College, which specializes in training high-level officials and the backbone of colonial rule, the students enrolled are mainly Japanese, and the Chinese and Koreans together account for only a fraction...... It can be seen that these colleges are not aimed at Chinese at all. Just as Harvard and MIT were never Indian colleges.

Moreover, Japan had a plan to move its capital to Tohoku very early, but at the end of the war, it was mentioned again, and it was even ready to move the emperor, government, and army from the mainland to Tohoku for a final and stubborn resistance...... Now you know who this "Xinjing" is for!

In fact, Japan's plan for the Tohoku region has always been very clear, that is, to relocate in large numbers, seize land, change the ethnic composition of the Tohoku, and finally turn it into a "new Japan". The people of the Northeast who originally lived here were either tortured to death, or expelled into the barren mountains and mountains, or rushed to the Shanhaiguan...... It's basically the same strategy that the Spaniards and Americans did with the American Indians.

- Today's United States of America has long been the world's hegemon, and Wall Street financiers control the global economy, but will the American Indians huddled in the reservation feel that they are the masters of the country? The Jews also built up their Palestine very well, with pretty economic figures, but did the Palestinians get any benefit from it?

Just as the glory of Wall Street has nothing to do with the Indians, and Israel's strength does not make the Palestinians proud, the economic construction achievements of the puppet Manchukuo have nothing to do with the interests of the Chinese. One only needs to look at the bones of the mass grave in the Fushun coal mine to know that these industries in the puppet Manchukuo were built under the bayonets and sticks of the Japanese, with the blood and tears of countless Chinese laborers.

No matter from which point of view, the exhibition of the puppet Manchukuo industry was only a predatory wartime deformed economy, the process of which condensed the suffering of millions of people in Northeast China; As a result, it only provided material support for Japanese aggression. Rather than discussing how much the Japanese contributed to the Chinese by building the puppet Manchukuo, it is better to say the complete opposite - the more the industry of the puppet Manchukuo expanded, the more the disaster of the ********!

Therefore, as a Chinese, there is no need to feel any excitement and pride in these industrial achievements of the puppet Manchukuo.

Some people say that the various **** of the Japanese are just because the rule has not yet been established, and as long as the time passes, the means will naturally ease down.

But the question is, have the Americans been soft on the Indians after so many years of dominating North America? The westward movement lasted for a hundred years, and the massacre of the Indians lasted for a hundred years. Canada is even more unaware, still refusing to recognize the citizenship rights of many Indians in its territory, and indiscriminately using violence against local aborigines, forcing Indian chiefs in British Columbia to cry for help from the Chinese government thousands of miles away. Next, in the face of the accusations of the international community, the Canadian government put on a rogue face, saying that "as we all know, China is a democratic country, and the United Nations cannot blame democracies for human rights issues, but can only blame dictatorships such as Iran and Syria." Therefore, our country is deeply puzzled by this accusation......"

-- According to this reasoning, the "democratic country" is really an all-purpose talisman, and as long as the Japanese invaders shouted a few times, "The Great Japanese Empire is a democratic country", those mass graves, massacres, and human bodies will not be blamed. And Hitler only needs to declare that Germany is a democratic country (Hitler was really democratically elected to power), and then he can kill the Jews as much as he likes......

In short, pinning all hope on the benevolence of the murderous invaders is originally a traitorous ideology that deceives oneself.

In addition, just like the puppet regime established by the traitor Wang Jingwei and others, even if it is named "China", it does not represent the people of Chinese. Although the puppet state of Manchukuo had the last emperor of the Manchu Qing Dynasty as a guise, it was not in fact an independent state of the Manchus themselves, let alone representing the interests of the Manchus.

In this "Manchukuo," which was actually a puppet regime, the Manchu compatriots in the northeast did not become accomplices and allies of the Japanese invaders, as some people imagined, but also endured inhumane persecution. In the famous Fushun Pingdingshan massacre, for example, 8o% of the 3,000 Chinese killed were Manchus. In the 14-year history of the Japanese invasion of China, the Manchu compatriots also rose up one after another, threw themselves into the great cause of resisting Japan and saving the country, and waged a desperate struggle against the murderous Japanese invaders -- for example, General Tong Linge, who died in Beiping during the "77 Incident", Gao Zhihang, a well-known air force pilot during the Anti-Japanese War, and Xie Wendong, commander of the Eighth Army of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Army, and a considerable number of key members were all Manchus.

After the September 18 Incident, Deng Tiemei, a Manchu general with a red flag, led tens of thousands of Manchu and Han compatriots of all ethnic groups into the battlefield and fought a bloody battle with the Japanese invaders in the northeast to the last moment. In the "August 1 Declaration" in 1935, he was praised as "a national hero who sacrificed his life to save the country".

Even Yoshiko Kawashima's younger brother, the youngest son of the last Prince Su, Shanqi, "Red Belle" Aisin Kakura. Xiandong also resolutely joined the Northeast Anti-Japanese underground organization, and displayed an astonishing intelligence network among the Manchu nobles.

- On the map of the puppet state of Manchukuo, where the Qing Dynasty was born and originated, the local Manchu people would have rebelled to the death against their past emperors, instead of wholeheartedly supporting Aixin Jueluo. Pu Yi's majesty was restored to the throne, which was simply unthinkable in the Manchu era.

Therefore, this "Manchukuo", which even the Manchus had to rebel desperately, was not only a rebellion against China, but also could not represent the interests of the Manchus.

Even Emperor Puyi himself, in the end, was full of grief and indignation against the Japanese, and even secretly supported the Manchu nobles to contact the anti-Japanese forces.

Since the reform and opening up, the Northeast region, as the base of China's heavy industry, has encountered a series of difficulties in the transformation exhibition, and social problems such as unemployment and depression have followed, which makes the people of Northeast China have some dissatisfaction and complaints about the party and the country, which is understandable. However, if we want to overturn the case of the puppet Manchukuo and show the Japanese invaders a footpath, we will insist on describing this colonial regime, which is like hell on earth, as a "country that achieves prosperity," a clean government, a happy people, and a progressive civilization...... That's too much - to be honest, a northeasterner who loves puppet Manchukuo is as incredible as a Jew who worships Hitler, and can only be said to be a masochist among masochists.

What I have always found very puzzling is that some people nowadays, including some self-proclaimed "rational" and "objective" scholars and professors, always talk about "great love" and "forgiveness," and they constantly ask people to forgive those aggressors who have caused great disasters to our people, and even praise and praise them in every possible way, and disregard them as angels, while degrading the national heroes who resist foreign aggression as sinners. On the other hand, they are trying their best to oppose national unity, create rumors, and sow discord between various ethnic groups and provinces in the country, and do not see the slightest love and forgiveness from them! At the same time, they also put a big hat on their compatriots, and those who disagree with them are framed and slandered as "angry youths" and "ultra-nationalists...... What kind of "great love" and "forgiveness" are there for such people?

The ancients had a saying: "The benevolent love others", "The benevolent person, the human being, the kiss is great". It can be seen that only by loving one's relatives, loving one's compatriots, and loving one's friends should be ranked first! But these people fanatically hated their fellow man, and sang the praises of the murderous invaders even more fanatically! It is really incomprehensible what such a person calls himself "rational".

Of course, I don't fail to understand that in their eyes, since there has been **, Chinese society has been ignorant and backward, Chinese culture has been ruined, China's economy has collapsed, and the Chinese people are not free. The fundamental concept of these people is: everything that is China's big 6 is wrong, everything that has done things in China is evil, and everything that China has achieved is a shame!

On the contrary, as long as it is the enemy of China, whether it is the United States, the Kuomintang or even the Japanese, they are all civilized and just! As for how the United States and Japan, the sworn enemies of World War II, should represent both civilization and justice, God knows how they understood it.

For example, a Taiwanese once said unashamedly: "...... For a united China, Manchukuo was a monstrous splinter. But for the people of Manchukuo, under the scientific guidance of Japan, it is certainly more than five times more prosperous to remain divided than it is now, at least they will not suffer a series of persecutions and massacres by some ignorant regime after 1949, and the Han people in the interior will desperately smuggle into Manchukuo......"

I don't know how to refute such ridiculous statements. I wonder if this benevolent brother will still stick to his point of view when he travels to the puppet state of Manchukuo, is forced to speak the nondescript "Concord language", lives in a hellish "group tribe", satisfies his hunger with acorn noodles, and then becomes an economic prisoner because of stealing rice, and finally suffers a work injury in a certain mine and is unable to work, and is ordered to be buried alive by the Japanese boss......

In short, if someone sings praises of the rule of the Kuomintang, we can understand it as a matter of class position and petty bourgeoisie, then if someone actually praises the puppet Manchukuo under the iron heel of the Japanese invaders, we can only doubt whether he actually thinks of himself as Chinese.