The smell of rotting human skin became heavier and heavier, Professor Li and the others urged to get out of here quickly, and I didn't want to stay here any longer, so everyone began to leave here. Pen ~ fun ~ pavilion www.biquge.info

Because the surroundings are too dark, everyone's speed has slowed down, we didn't go far We were bored again with a corpse, judging from the appearance and the corpse just now are the same human skin stone statues, because they encountered this situation just now, everyone was not as panicked as just now, according to the fat man's idea to cut it open, Professor Li and others stepped forward to stop it, if it was cut, it would be smoked and vomited, so that it would be dehydrated before leaving here, and the fat man would stop when he saw this, The difference is that the corpse just now is male, and this corpse is indeed female.

Professor Li stepped forward to observe carefully for a long time and said that the corpse should be the clothing of the Warring States Period, and the pattern on the clothing has obvious shadow of the Warring States Period, the Warring States Period is a period of great change in Chinese history after the Spring and Autumn Period, Professor Li said that there are two versions of the Warring States Period, one is 475 BC, and the other is 403 BC - 221 BC, the period of the Kingdom includes before the destruction of the Second Zhou and before the completion of the Six Kingdoms of Qin after the completion of the Second Week. Erzhou was destroyed by the Qin state in 256 BC, and the following year historians began to date the Qin king. The Zhou dynasty perished before the Qin dynasty was established.

After the protracted war for hegemony in the Spring and Autumn Period, the number of vassal states in the territory of the Zhou Dynasty was greatly reduced, and after the three families were divided into Jin, Han, Zhao and Wei were among the powerful countries, and the pattern of the Seven Heroes of the Warring States was formally formed, which were: Yan, Zhao, Wei, Han, Chu, Qin, and Qi. In addition to the most powerful Seven Heroes, there were also some small states in the territory of the Zhou Dynasty, but their influence was far less than that of the Seven Heroes of the Warring States, and they could only survive in the cracks of them, and were eventually destroyed by the Seven Heroes. The Zhou royal family was nominally the co-ruler of the world, but in fact it was destroyed. The vassal states attacked each other, and wars continued.

The name of "Warring States" comes from the "Warring States Policy" edited by Liu Xiang of the Western Han Dynasty. In 453 BC, the three families of Han, Zhao, and Wei defeated the Zhi clan and then carved up the Jin state, laying the foundation for the Seven Heroes of the Warring States.

The Warring States period inherited the turbulent times of the Spring and Autumn Period, continued the contention of a hundred schools of thought, and later opened the Great Qin Empire. It is the golden age of China's ideological, academic, scientific and technological, military and political development, known as "a hundred schools of thought"; At the same time, the vassal states that wanted to survive carried out many world-famous changes and reforms, such as Wu Qi's Shang Ying's reform to become strong; In the process of the annexation war, such as the vertical and horizontal battles of Zhang Yi and Su Qin, the battlefield battles of Lian Po and Li Mu, and the political mediation of Chunshenjun, Meng Weijun, Xinlingjun and Pingyuanjun...... The list goes on and on, and a large number of idioms and allusions have emerged that have been recited for future generations. In the process of unifying China, the Warring States Period also shaped the prototype of a centralized monarchical society.

During the Warring States Period, Yunnan was the habitat of the Dian tribe. Yunnan is "the south of the colorful clouds" and "colorful Yunnan", another saying is that it is named because it is located in the "south of the cloud mountains", it is a country established by the ancient ethnic minorities in the southwest frontier of China, and the territory is mainly in the central and eastern regions of Yunnan with the center of Dianchi Lake, and historians are accustomed to call it the Dian nationality. In 278 B.C., the Chu general Zhuang Qiao led a team to the Dianchi area, the purpose of which was to conquer the local people and belong to the Chu state, and then because the way back was cut off by the Qin state, he stayed in the Dianchi area and established the Dianchi country, and the capital was in Jincheng, Jinning County. According to documentary records and archaeological discoveries, the Dian Kingdom existed in Yunnan for about 500 years, appeared in the early Warring States period and disappeared in the early years of the Western Han Dynasty. In 109 BC, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent troops to conquer Yunnan, and the King of Dian surrendered to Han.

That is to say, the ancient tomb we are in is the Dian Kingdom, Professor Li said here is very excited, and later learned that the Dian Kingdom is a mystery in China's archaeological history, before only the historical documents mentioned the Dian Kingdom, but never found physical proof, and then after several generations of archaeologists efforts, the unearthed cultural relics almost represent the fine products of the bronze culture of the Dian Era, there are Dian heavy shell storage vessels, copper bells, swords with gold pins, gold beads, agate, jade, chariot and horse ornaments and strange copper buckles. They are priceless and represent the true existence of the ancient Dian Kingdom, the first local government in the ancient history of Yunnan, which has been annihilated.

What shocked archaeologists and experts at home and abroad the most was the bronze and bronze drums of the Dian Kingdom, and the beautiful bronze culture was the background of this ancient kingdom. They are extremely exquisite, the level of craftsmanship is extremely high, and their style and shape are absolutely not similar to the culture of the Central Plains, and they are a civilization that is not inferior to the emergence and development in an independent region. This mysterious ancient civilization also seems to be lonely, and after disappearing for many centuries, it quietly opens a gap.

Yunnan culture must be defined in time and space. In fact, there are two clues between all these ancient mysteries and modern times, one is the flower waist Dai, and the other is the copper drum. If we continue to study along these two lines, the study of Yunnan culture may produce some new results. ”

The bronze drum is an important evidence of the ancient Dian culture, and the world recognizes Yunnan as the place of origin. The copper drum gradually evolved from a practical instrument to a ritual instrument, a heavy instrument, and finally rose to a symbol of power and strength.

The copper drum has spread from Yunnan to Guangxi and Southeast Asia, and archaeological findings have found that the influence of the copper drum has spread to Pakistan in South Asia at that time. On the basis of in-depth research, how to restore the entire process of the origin, casting, evolution and spread of the copper drum and reproduce it in front of the world is a major issue that needs to be done at present. From this, we can also connect with the famous Southern Silk Road, and the ancient tea horse road that we are very familiar with, judging from the amber beads and shell coins excavated from the Lijiashan cemetery, which proves that there was a trade route with Myanmar at that time, and this information reflects a kind of long-distance trade in the ancient Dian Kingdom. The ancient Dian civilization also directly penetrated and influenced the Dong Son culture in Vietnam......

There are similarities between the Lijiashan bronze culture and the Sanxingdui culture. Sanxingdui culture has now risen to the height of the origin of the Yangtze River civilization. And the bronze culture of northern China and the Central Plains due to frequent exchanges, so there is a fly in the ointment, that is, the phenomenon of inbreeding is more prominent, reflected in the unearthed cultural relics on the style of the similarity, only the bronze of Lijiashan is so different, almost and the Eastern Han Dynasty before the northern culture has no intersection, whether modeling, ornamentation, or the theme of the performance, all have strong local ethnic characteristics, can be regarded as the most lively and flexible composition of the Chinese Bronze Age, with high artistic attainments and imagination, It is an important symbol of the ancient civilization of Yunnan. In the face of such works, people can have an inexplicable impulse to create. In particular, the shellfish storage ware and buckle ornaments are exquisitely crafted and are known as the essence of Chinese bronzes. There is also the lost (etched) wax method used in the bronze smelting and casting process (this kind of casting process is likely to start in Yunnan at the earliest), which is extremely difficult and exquisitely casting, which can be said to be the pinnacle of technology at that time, and has had an impact on the precision manufacturing of aircraft engines. As a Yunnan native, we can be proud of these brilliant achievements of our ancestors.

Professor Li continued, "Not only did the craftsmen of the ancient Dian Kingdom have a high level of artistry, they have been able to master the right ratio of copper and tin in the casting technique. The proportion of tin in weapons is large to increase its hardness; The proportion of tin in the ornaments is smaller, so as to facilitate the modeling, reflecting the ancient Dian people's familiarity with the properties of different metals. The surface of some utensils has been treated with tin, wrong gold and gilding, and is inlaid with jade patterns, with a symmetrical and neat shape, and the patterns are delicate and complicated. The figures on the shellfish storage vessel and some buckle ornaments, although they are only 3 centimeters in size, have clear eyebrows and visible facial expressions. The ornamentation engraved on the line is very shallow, but the technique is very skillful, and it was carved by hand by craftsmen 2,000 years ago. These artifacts show that the Dian Kingdom was a self-contained, independent type of bronze culture. ”

In the ancient Dian Kingdom, our archaeologists have excavated the golden seal of the King of Dian, and it is recorded in the historical records that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty gave the King of Dian the seal of the King of Dian, Professor Li said that there is very little information about the ancient Dian Kingdom, if we can make a big discovery this time, it will bring a great shock to the archaeological community, after all, the ancient Dian Kingdom is so mysterious.

I asked the professor if there was a record of human skinning in the ancient Dian Kingdom? , The professor shook his head and said, there is too little information left by the ancient Dian Kingdom, this human skin may be something used by the deceased to accompany the burial, but it is too cruel, the fat man said that this ancient Dian Kingdom will not have a preference for picking human skin, after all, it was called a barbarian here during the Warring States Period, and there are some strange habits and burial methods are uncertain.

Professor Li said: "In ancient times, there were many ways to be buried after death, one is some gold and silver ornaments, when these people were alive, they enjoyed glory and wealth, and they wanted to take these things with them when they died, hoping that they could also enjoy wealth after death"

Professor Li continued, "There is also human martyrdom, which is a bad custom of burying people with living people in ancient funerals, which is a product of class confrontation, and is also a cruel and barbaric religious act. Human martyrdom refers to the burial of a deceased clan leader, head of family, slave owner, or feudal lord by a living person. Most of the martyrs were close relatives, close ministers, close attendants, and prisoners of the deceased. In the era of the emergence of classes, human martyrdom became a widely popular ancient funerary ritual"

There are many ways to be martyred, the first is hanging, which is clearly recorded in ancient books, and Zhu Di "hanged" the martyr after his death. One thing to note is that before the execution, the person in charge will arrange a meal for the martyr, and those with high status will be sent to the room alone, and those with low status will generally gather together and have a group meal. This "Last Supper", commonly known as the "life-saving meal", is quite rich, but due to the fear of imminent death, no one has the heart to eat it, and most of the time it is tearful, and the cry on the scene is shocking.

The second is poisoning, in addition to forcing them to hang, "poisoning" the martyrs is also a common method. How were Zhu Yuanzhang's funeral palace concubines executed, one said that the eunuch hanged them, and the other said that they were poisoned, and the selected palace concubines were forcibly fed mercury. Mercury is highly toxic and dies immediately after eating. It is said that the bodies of the martyrs who were poisoned by mercury did not decompose for a long time and were still lifelike years later. The phenomenon of corpses not decomposing is recorded in the history of tomb robbery in China. For example, when Guangchuan Wang Liu went to steal the "Mourning King Tomb", he found that there were more than 100 corpses in the tomb, which were stacked on top of each other, but strangely none of them were decomposed. It can be assumed that some of the women were martyrs, and their bodies did not decompose for hundreds of years, which is quite similar to the theory that they were poisoned by mercury. Another method of poisoning is to poison the last meal they eat, causing them to be poisoned after eating. The most common method is to use poisoned wine and give it to death.

The third is to bury the martyr alive, tie the hands and feet of the martyr, put it in a certain posture (shape), bury it "alive", and sometimes use something like an anesthetic to "euthanize" the martyr in order to make the martyr lose the ability to resist. In the archaeological excavation of the ancient tomb of Yijin Huoluoqi in Yikezhao League, Inner Mongolia, it was found that some of the buried women had traces of their limbs being tied by ropes, which should have been forcibly buried at that time. Some burial women bend their limbs sideways, facing the man, which is a posture that is posed after death (or before death), which is a kind of shape, and it is impossible for a person who dies naturally to have that kind of "prescribed action".

There are many ways to end the life of the martyr, and the most direct and troublesome means is to "cut off the head", which directly takes the martyr to the cemetery and dies on the spot.

From the writings of the wild history, it is also found that a more cruel means of ending the martyrs - iron nail fixation. The Qing literati Yuan Mei recorded a story of "The Tomb Road in Qinzhong" in "Zi Buyu", "Liu Tingshi's neighbor surnamed Sun dug a ditch and got a stone gate, opened it, and the tunnel was like it." Furnishing chickens and dogs poppy, all tiles for it. Two coffins are hung in the middle, and several men and women are lined up, nailed to the wall. Gai Gu is a martyr, afraid of his servants, so he nails him. The appearance of the crown can be seen slightly. Looking at it slightly, the wind rises from the hole, all turn to ashes, and the bones are like white dust, and its nails are still on the left and right walls. I don't know what king's tomb is. There are also people who have excavated the natives as recumbent shapes, with heads and horns and limbs but no ears and eyes, and it is suspected that they are all transformed by ancient corpses. ”。