Special note: About the Blackfoot in my article

I found it in an issue of "Game Console Practical Skills", which seems to have the merit of "Resident Evil 0", but it just said that he was a cult in the United States, and there was no detailed explanation. Pen × fun × Pavilion www. ｂｉｑｕｇｅ。 info is also used by many websites on the Internet, and I portrayed it as a racist and neo-Nazi organization in the book to make it more readable.

But I checked it for future writing, and found that there is a big difference, or in order to prevent readers from misunderstanding, I specifically note: everything about the "Blackfoot" mentioned in this book has nothing to do with the information and the actual American Indian "Blackfoot". Here are some of the materials the author has found. Please divide the categories when reading:

Blackfoot Indian settlements:

Spanning Alberta, Canada and Montana, USA, Glacier National Park covers an area of approximately 4,578 square kilometres. The land was inhabited by the Indian Blackfeet for a hundred years, and in the mid-18th century, Western fur traders came to hunt wild animals, making it even more difficult for the poor Indian Blackfeet to make a living, so they sold the land to the U.S. government.

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the settlement of the Blackfoot Indians;

Spanning Alberta, Canada and Montana, USA, Glacier National Park covers an area of approximately 4,578 square kilometres. The land was inhabited by the Indian Blackfeet for a hundred years, and in the mid-18th century, Western fur traders came to hunt wild animals, making it even more difficult for the poor Indian Blackfeet to make a living, so they sold the land to the U.S. government.

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The following is excerpted from Historical Research, No. 2, 1993

On the part of the Indians, most of the tribes were ravaged by war and disease during their long contact with the whites, and their populations were decimated and weakened, and they were gradually unable to fight against the white society. The slaughter of whites, government requisitions, and inter-tribal fighting had very harmful consequences for the Indians, but disease was the biggest killer. Indians were invulnerable to diseases such as measles, smallpox, scarlet fever and cholera, which were transmitted from whites, and when they did, entire villages or even entire tribes were often spared. An epidemic of 1738 halved the Cherokee population; In 1840, 75 percent of the Dakota-Assiniborn died from a smallpox epidemic; Four smallpox epidemics west of the Missouri River between 1835 and 1860 reduced the Mandans from 1,600 to 100 and the Blackfoot from 4,800 to 2,400. In addition, the drinking and * customs introduced by the white people greatly damaged the constitution and will of the Indian warriors, and weakened the fighting power of the indigenous tribes on the other hand. As a result, in the course of the Federation's vigorous implementation of the reservation system, few tribes were able to resist by force.

Another negative consequence of the contact with the white culture for the Indians was the heavy dependence on the material culture of the whites, which led to their subservience to the whites, thus ensuring the smooth implementation of the reservation system. What the Indians absorbed most thoroughly from white culture was guns and alcohol. Guns replaced bows and arrows and stone tools as weapons for hunting and warfare. But the supply and maintenance of guns and the source of ammunition depend on white people. The introduction of wine made many people addicted to drinking, and the Indians themselves did not make wine, and the supply of wine also depended on the whites. White societies took advantage of this dependence of the Indians, either with the promise of preferential supplies or by coercion by cutting off supplies, to induce some tribes to accept the reservation system.

Equally important, the destruction of the living environment has forced many tribes to move into the reserve. The eastern tribes fell completely into the hands of the whites because of their habitat, and the reservation became their last resort. Most of the tribes in the Great Plains and the southwest rely on bison hunting for survival. There is an old proverb that goes down from a tribe: "A wild ox eats its flesh and wears its skin,...... People's lives and children's growth depend on bison...... but the opening of the railroad and the demand for bison skins in the market have led to the slaughter of bison by white professional hunters; The U.S. government forced the Indians off their livelihoods on reservations and encouraged the hunting of bison. After 1871, an average of 3 million bison were killed each year. In 1878, the southern herd was exterminated, and five years later the northern herd disappeared. The tribes of the Great Plains, who had been brave and warlike, moved into the reservation in humiliation because they could not make a living, and lived on the limited rations and annuities of the Federation.

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40 billion arrears, 6-year lawsuit, 3 ministers accused of the US government owing huge debts to indigenous people, "transferred from Sohu"

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September 20, 2002 01:31 Oriental Net-News Morning Post

U.S. Secretary Gail; Norton was convicted of contempt of court on September 15 for mismanagement of Native American land rental taxes. The $40 billion, six-year lawsuit has already disgraced three cabinet ministers, and attorney fees alone have amounted to millions of dollars.

The lawsuit originated 100 years ago

The origins of this lawsuit date back more than 100 years. In 1887, the U.S. Congress took 90 million acres of land from Indian tribes and gave it to whites, leaving the rest for Indians. Each Aboriginal was allocated between 40 and 320 acres of land, and the Department of the Interior was assigned to manage the ranching, timber, oil and gas extraction on these lands to ensure that the Indians could collect taxes from these activities.

For more than a century, due to mismanagement by the Ministry of the Interior, countless taxes belonging to the indigenous population have been lost, stolen or not collected at all. Currently, the Department of the Interior administers a land tax fund of 11 million acres for approximately 300,000 Native Americans.

In 1996, a group of Native Americans led by a group of Native Americans formally filed a lawsuit against the Interior Office, claiming that the poor management of the Department of the Interior had cost them between $10 billion and $40 billion, and asked the federal court to help them get justice.

U.S. District Court Judge Roy, who heard the case; Lambers happens to be an iron-faced "Bao Gong" who dares to gnaw on the hard bones of government departments. In 1999, he ordered the Ministry of the Interior to overhaul its internal systems and to sort out all the money that belonged to the Indians. Not only that, but he also convicted then-Interior Secretary Babbitt and Treasury Secretary Rubin for contempt of court and demanded that the government cover the plaintiff's $600,000 in legal fees.

New minister takes over the "mess"

After the Bush administration took office in 2001, Norton took over the post of Secretary of the Interior from her predecessor, Babbitt, and also took over the hot potato of the Indigenous land tax lawsuit. Acknowledging that there had been major failures in the administration of the Indigenous Fund, the Department of the Interior had spent more than $600 million on rectification since 1996 in order to comply with Congressional and Lambers requests. Norton has also devoted more time and effort to the management of Indian affairs than other projects since becoming Secretary of the Interior, but the accounting problem remains.

Norton has always retorted to the court's accusations that most of the things Lambers mentioned happened before the Bush administration took office, and that they were old scores, and she hoped that Lambers would give her more time to rectify the escrow fund. But the judge, who had long been impatient with the attitude of the Ministry of the Interior, was not in the least moved by their arguments.

In December, Lambers ordered the closure of all Home Office Internet ports to prevent hackers from stealing money. In February this year, Lambers further stepped up its monitoring of the trusteeship fund, giving the Ministry of the Interior a complete set of feasible rectification plans by January 6, 2003. At one point, Lambers also threatened that he would have the power to strip the Department of the Interior of its authority to regulate Indian affairs and to re-appoint an expert in fiduciary affairs outside the federal government to administer money belonging to the indigenous population.

The Iron-Masked Judge threw a punch

As the Home Office had failed to meet the court's requirements for several years of rectification, this sloppy attitude finally angered Judge Lambers. In this decision, Lambers was unrelenting in asking the Department of the Interior to cover the full costs of attorneys for the 1996 Indian Class Appeal, which amounted to several million dollars, according to Dennis, the plaintiff's lawyer. In addition, because Norton failed to provide an explanation for the Aboriginal Trust Fund and to put it in order, the Court found the Secretary of the Interior guilty of contempt of court, as well as the head of the Department of the Interior responsible for Indian affairs. "In my 15 years as a magistrate, I have never seen the State Executive interfere with the judicial process so strongly, and the actions of the Home Office have seriously damaged the overall image of the federal government and its executive branches," Lambers said angrily. ”

After hearing the news, Norton immediately came forward to retort that "this is an unfounded accusation" and said that it would appeal the ruling. At the same time, a member of the Blackfoot welcomed the court's ruling, arguing that it could serve as a warning to Norton and her Home Office. "The court confirmed what we have been clarifying, that the Home Secretary and the lawyers from the Ministry of Justice have been lying to the court in the past and they are continuing to make up their own lies," the plaintiff's lawyer said. Li Xin (China Daily feature)

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Transfer: abroad./editor/business/041020/041020_

The National Museum of the American Indian in Washington, D.C., is located at the foot of Capitol Hill, echoing the National Museum of Art. The museum's current 7,500 exhibits encapsulate the 10,000-year history of the Indians and are expected to receive at least 4 million visitors each year.

According to Master Architect Douglas; Cardinal (Blackfoot) designs are full of intricate curves, while patterned golden limestone is reminiscent of the western cliffs at sunset. The structure of the museum was determined after consulting numerous Indians, and therefore has distinctive features: the entrance faces west, since the Indian huts all face west; Outdoors there is an open space for religious ceremonies; The 120-foot-tall dome is a distant opposite the classical dome of the National Gallery.

The most important thing, though, is the exhibits. In the three opening exhibitions, 24 tribes presented their own exhibits. They talked about the ideas and philosophies behind the exhibits. They recounted personal and tribal encounters. Other Indian tribes will also take turns to host the same exhibits.

The museum does not ignore what is about the Indian Holocaust. In 1490, there were about 75 million Indians in the Western Hemisphere; After 150 years, only 6 million Indians remained. By 1900, there were only 250,000 Indians left in the United States; However, the 500 years after Columbus discovered the New World are only a fragment of the history of the Indians. Curator Douglas; West said museums can't just tell the history of death and disaster.

For non-Indian visitors, the museum's collection of 800,000 pieces will reveal a whole new world to them. Most of the collection is a man named George; Gustav; Hay's New York billionaire collected in the early 20th century. He traveled all over the area where the Indians lived, collecting all the artifacts he could find.

However, there are also those who hold a different view. Bob, a well-known artist of the Chirikawa tribe; Haugs worries that the museum presents only a "glamorous picture" of Native American life, but does not touch on the uglier aspects, such as racism, poverty, health problems, unemployment and educational backwardness.

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Retrieved from: /education/gb/content/2001-02/09/content_

History will surely record that Wyoming in the '70s and early '80s was in its typical cycle of prosperity, followed by depression, and that is a rule. Until the beginning of the nineteenth century, Wyoming was an unspoiled wilderness, "still a hunting ground for the Crows, Blackfoot, Semitics, Cheyenne, and other Indian tribes." "The first to come here were the trappers and scouts, followed by the big convoys across the continent. The ruts of these carts can still be seen in the savannah today. But before 1876, fewer than a thousand people lived on the land that would soon become the Wyoming Quasi-State. Later, huge steel monsters passed through the savannah, and pavers chiseled out a new era with rails and road spikes. On July 4, 1867, Cheyenne became the Union-Pacific Railroad's first terminus in Wyoming. Four months later, the city's population grew from nothing to 4,000, making it Wyoming's first thriving town.