The Yamen of the Seventh Division of the Ministry of Internal Affairs is a newly established yamen in the fifth year of Qianlong and invited by Prince Hongday. The original intention of the establishment of this yamen was to solve the problem of flag affairs.

When the Eight Banners were first established, the soldiers and the people were united, and all the Manchurian members were subordinate to the Eight Banners of Manchuria. The organization of the flag has a multifaceted function of military, administrative and production. Before entering the customs, the soldiers of the Eight Banners were engaged in production and labor in peacetime, and in wartime, they were conscripted, and they provided their own ordnance, grain and grass.

After the Manchu Qing Dynasty entered the customs, the Eight Banners Standing Soldier System and the Soldier Pay System were established, and the Eight Banners soldiers became professional soldiers. After the capital was set in Beijing, most of the Eight Banners were stationed near Beijing, and the Eight Banners of the Beijing Division were stationed according to their positions, called the Eight Banners stationed in Beijing, commonly known as the Beijing Banner, which was actually a forbidden army. In addition, a part of the flag soldiers were stationed in important cities and important military places across the country, called the garrison of the Eight Banners.

Qing system, flag pay is divided into silver and Krabi, each divided into five grades.

All pay silver, pro-army, forward, guard, leader, archer, blacksmith long month silver four taels, vest, archer, second-class blacksmith, gunner monthly silver three taels, foreign lang, infantry army leader, coppersmith, third-class blacksmith, learning gunner, Orbu monthly silver two taels, foot armor, raising soldiers monthly silver one tael and five coins, fourth-class blacksmith monthly silver one tael, which by Jueluo selected by the pro-army, forward, guard monthly silver five taels (not listed, etc.), each according to the monthly payment.

Where Krabi, pro-army, forward, guard, leader, vest, archer 22 stone and 2 buckets, coppersmith, blacksmith, 23rd class blacksmith 21 stone and 2 buckets, gunner 26 stone and 4 buckets, learn gunner 17 stone and 6 buckets, infantry army leader, infantry armor, fourth-class blacksmith 10 stone and 6 buckets, raise soldiers 1 stone and 6 buckets, each according to the quarter.

The banner people have no freedom, and according to the regulations, they are not allowed to leave their own banner at will, and those who are in Beijing are not allowed to leave Beijing at will. With the blessings of their ancestors, they have an official title for generations, and they receive monthly money to live. Ordinary banner people have to become soldiers if they want to do things, receive a share of money and food, ride horses and shoot arrows, and defend the Qing Dynasty.

But the family multiplied, and there were more and more people, and the number of flag soldiers was fixed. As a result, the eldest and second may make up for the shortage and eat food, while the third and fourth children have no choice but to be idle. In this way, if there are a few white dings in the family, life cannot but become more and more difficult. Theoretically, banner people can also engage in agriculture, business, or learn trades, but in this way, they are inevitably discriminated against.

-- In fact, it is nonsense for some modern cleaners to say that there was a Qing generation and that the Qing government forbade banner men to engage in agriculture, industry, and commerce, and that being a soldier became the only legitimate occupation of banner men.

The first is farming. In order to settle the lives of the officers and soldiers of the Eight Banners and the idle population, the Qing government carried out three large-scale land enclosure campaigns from the end of the first year of Shunzhi to the fourth year of Kangxi), and the officers and soldiers of the Eight Banners of Manchuria, Mongolia, and Han Dynasty were given a total of 2,335,477 mu of banner land three times. The land of the Eight Banners soldiers is five days (about six acres per day), and there is no major change in the final Qing Dynasty.

Most of the soldiers' share of land relied on themselves and their families to engage in farming, but it didn't last a few years at all, and they were pawned out by the grandfathers who drank and gambled for money. Later, during the Qianlong period, he also reformed the flag affairs and issued real estate several times, but the results were all pawned out faster after they were obtained. At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, there was a provision that the banner people did not hand over property, and the ban was not lifted until the 31st year of Guangxu, but it existed in name only as early as the Kangxi period.

As for the statement that business is not allowed, the only source is the "Shunzhi Record" in the first year of Shunzhi in the seventh month of the Renyin Article - to the kings, officials and people, etc., saying: All my Li people, whether new or old, belong to the imperial court. Recently, it has been reported that the people of Guishun will be given full of slaves, or given capital so that their trade is the same as their families, or unauthorized notices will be issued to occupy the city and compete with the people for profits and losses of national taxes. There is nothing worse about chaotic government and bad laws. In addition to not being held accountable in the past, it is advisable to make corrections urgently after the current proclamation, and if the situation is still unruly, it will not be lightly punished. Those who are newly attached to the army and civilian forces and can support themselves should settle down in their own business, and should not be willing to be slaves. If there are traitors and tyrants, who know that they are accumulating evil, and are afraid of having a boss, they will be entrusted to drill the camp, make friends with the powerful, and hope to cover up the past and still want to harm the people. If the widow is lonely and has no plan to save himself, Xu Qin went to Shuntianfu to report and transferred it to the Ministry of Household Affairs to enlighten the news......

Translated, it means that the banner people cannot hand over their assets to those Han people who have invested in their names, and let their minions bully and dominate the market. "Or give him capital to trade with his family, or issue a notice to occupy the market and compete with the people for profits and losses of national taxes", which is translated into modern Chinese, "either give him the principal to do business as if he were his own coat, or he himself will casually issue a fake official order to forcibly occupy the trading place." "In the final analysis, it is a matter of the envoys, not that the flag people cannot do business. More importantly, the phrase "let their trade be the same as their family" shows that the coating can be used to trade in place of the owner, not to mention the owner himself.

In the "Daoxian Tongguang Four Dynasties Recital", there is the "Discussion of the Eight Banners of Livelihood" written by the Manchurian Wulonga (Guarjia clan) of the Zhenghuang Banner in the first year of Daoguang. It reads: "The old practice of flag people, there is no prohibition on agriculture and business. However, those who do not engage in agriculture and business, because they have no land capital, but also because they gather clans and officials, they become soldiers if they do not serve as officials, eat and eat, and enjoy dignity, and they are disdainful at the beginning, and year after year, sex becomes a habit. ”

It can be seen that there is no written ban on the banner people doing business and farming, and the imperial court itself has no written ban. However, in the early Qing Dynasty, due to the constraints of identity and the Eight Banners system, the banner people widely "did not engage in agriculture and business" and "despised businessmen".

All in all, the so-called banner people can't do agriculture and business is just something washed out by the party washing the land, but it is indeed the norm for the flag people in this era not to do business and agriculture.

As a result, the livelihood of the soldiers of the Eight Banners is becoming increasingly poor. The livelihood problem of the Eight Banners has appeared since the Kangxi and Yongzheng periods, and it has become more serious at the beginning of the Qianlong period. Kangxi and Yongzheng had rewarded silver several times, but it was soon exhausted, so they increased the number of soldiers and expanded the food and salary. In the second year of Yongzheng, the army was set up, and later renamed the soldier, and Qian Mi was given. Later, during the Qianlong period, the number of soldiers raised was repeatedly expanded, and the land was tried to be allocated to the land, so that the banner people could support themselves...... In the end, of course, it is all the same.

However, the eggs are merged and the eggs are merged, and the flag people's flag salary has to be issued as before.

Since the civil unrest broke out in the fifth year of Qianlong, the money in the treasury has been tight, and there have even been times when the money cannot be paid -- the construction of the Old Summer Palace and the summer resort must not be stopped! At the suggestion of some people in the Military Aircraft Department, the household department began to default on flag salaries on a large scale, and later Yin Jishan and others even discussed a small reduction of the flag battalions, especially the raising of soldiers, which was naturally impossible to pass such a fundamentally shaky matter, but it was inevitable that the flag salaries would be reduced.

This time, the flag people below were naturally dissatisfied and almost caused a mass incident.

Because of this incident, Prince He Hongday, who had been ordered to rectify the flag affairs of the Eight Banners of the Forbidden Army, made a fold, "Please open the Yamen of the Seven Divisions of the Internal Affairs Office for the flag affairs" to rectify the flag affairs and reduce the financial burden of the country.

At that time, Qianlong saw the excerpt, and under great joy, he entered the palace with the prince overnight.

Prince He said, "In the hundred years since the founding of the country, to this day, there are still two or three generations younger than the children of the clan, there are two or three thousand people. Every day, carrying a bird cage to the teahouse, gossiping, raising dogs, and planting pomegranate trees, it is better to arrange a serious messenger for them, and it is easy to be restrained. One is to get some input, and the other is to avoid some right and wrong. ”

So, how can we achieve these two goals?

Hongyang gave a complete set of plans.

First of all, the Ministry of Internal Affairs wants to open such a seven-division yamen, and then set up two sub-divisions.

The first one is called the Clan Bank, and the other is called the Bong'en Fund.

This "clan bank" is a joint-stock institution, and as the name suggests, it is naturally oriented to the clan, and those who are qualified to be shareholders must have yellow and red belts. Shareholding is all voluntary, you can not invest in shares, and if you want to enter more, there is no way.

Zongmu Bank, the shareholding is only on the title, and the emperor chooses one of the eight ******** (at this time, the line of Prince Rui in the eight major ******** has not been overturned, counting the line of Prince Yi Yinxiang in the Yongzheng period, exactly eight) to choose one as the president of the bank. The share capital is 1,000 taels of silver per share. Those who do not have a title on their bodies and are regarded as idle clans can only enter one share. General Feng'en (equivalent to a four-rank military attaché, 110 taels of silver, 110 taels of Lumi), can be put into two shares. General Feng'en and Yiyun Cavalry Captain (135 taels of silver, 135 taels of Lumi), three shares. Third-class Fengguo generals, four strands, in descending order.

So, what will the clan bank do when it has money? Undoubtedly, of course, it is used as a bank. Naturally, there is no need to think about issuing banknotes to collect seigniorage, but it is still possible to do loans and ticket numbers.

Needless to say, the wealthy businessmen in this year, especially the Jin merchants, do not have their own ticket numbers? Large sums of silver are really cumbersome to transport. And if I want to say that the most profitable business in the Qing Dynasty, before the inflow of opium, there was naturally a place for usury.

If they lend money in the name of Aixin Jueluo's family, they naturally don't have to worry about not being able to get it back -- something really went wrong, and some officials rushed to force the borrower to sell his land, sell his sons, and sell his daughter to repay the money. The people of the Seven Divisions and Yamen are all frighteningly big, something really happened, this one went to the household department to find his protégé to approve money and food, and the other went to the arsenal of the military department to find his own slave to borrow weapons - all surnamed Aixin Jueluo, no one dared to provoke.

The reputation of usury is naturally not good, and for the sake of reputation, the Qing court has also issued some regulations in this regard. Of course, for private usury or something, it is naturally impossible to control it. At most, the emperor repeatedly issued decrees and ordered the magistrates to advise. As for the actual effect, you can imagine it.

Supposedly, this business is impossible to pass, but Prince He has his own reasons. You see, usury has become a common practice among the people, especially landlords, who are generally stuck in the agricultural season to lend money, forcing many people to sell their sons and daughters. As for the imperial court, there is no way to manage it, so it can only be reprimanded repeatedly. But we can guide it, the clan bank spreads out, and after the people sent out go to various places, it will be reduced by a part according to the local interest rate.

If you return out of nine, we can return out of ten; You have four profits, and we can have three points. In this way, everyone comes to borrow my money, and no one borrows you, forcing you to lower interest rates. In this way, what the clan bank is doing is to guide the social atmosphere and benefit the country and the people, so how can it be said that it is such a lack of virtue as usury?

Regardless of whether Zhao Kun, who said this, believed it himself or not, Qianlong believed it anyway. That's why there is such a business in the clan bank, lending. As for the specific implementation of this...... Hehe, this kind of behavior that requires the cooperation of the magistrate and has to go deep into the people, do you really think that the uncle surnamed Aixin Jueluo sent out can do a good job?

Of course, in order to prevent Lou Zi from being stabbed, he and the prince drew up a statement, stipulating that the magistrates had the obligation to cooperate with the seven divisions and yamen -- in short, this is a matter of education, and you are also responsible for any problems.

In addition to lending, the clan bank also has the function of a ticket number. Considering the tragic fate of similar government-run products such as Jiaozi and Dang Ten Money, the ticket number of the clan bank does not need to be endorsed by the government. It is not paper money that is issued, but ticket numbers for merchants.

The so-called ticket number mainly refers to the Shanxi merchants, that is, the Jin merchants, in the form of monetary operating capital in the capital. The ticket number, also known as the ticket bank or exchange bank, is a kind of financial institution specializing in foreign exchange business, which flourished in the Qing Dynasty.

The grocery stores opened by those vinegar jars in Shanxi can issue their own printed money tickets, can't Aixin Jueluo's family? It's just a little bigger. It is nothing more than self-collection and self-redemption, which is convenient for business travel. Especially those Jin merchants who have business transactions inside and outside the mouth, naturally use this convenient and authentic - the Mongolian prince sends a sentence, and only recognizes this money ticket inside and outside the mouth, so it is naturally convenient and authentic.

Of course, this aspect of the business is managed by Prince He himself, and it is run by specialized personnel to prevent it from being damaged by the clan.

Where do you say talent comes from? Not only talents, but even channels are ready-made -- directly find a reason for the Jin merchants to copy the house, the floating wealth and the prince take away, the real estate clan divides, the remaining talents are absorbed by the clan bank, and the sale is also taken over and put into another Feng'en fund.

For this matter, Shanxi has died two governors and seven Taoist platforms, and it can be considered to be done. The Jin merchants who relied on selling to Houjin resources were finally ended, and the men were slaves and the women were slaves - anyway, the Manchu system was the set of masters and slaves, which was called seeking benevolence and obtaining benevolence.

In short, after a series of combinations with the prince, the clan bank was not only established, but the dividend at the end of the year was not bad -- the capital of one tael of silver was paid, and at the end of the fifth year of Qianlong, there was a dividend of two taels of silver. Therefore, the clans who have invested in the shares are still very satisfied, and they are not the ones who are unlucky anyway. and the prince's reputation, and also changed from a famous absurd prince to the first virtuous king of the Qing Dynasty.

Everyone said that Yin Jishan deducted our money and food, and the household department pinched the money bag and did not let go, for so many years, in addition to Yulu, only the prince and the prince gave us silver openly, only about the title, and the rain and dew were all stained! The gap between this person and man is so big. Prince He is worthy of being the first virtuous king since the founding of the country. Therefore, many people believe that this prince is worthy of a ********.

Of course, for many low-level clans and idle clans, this stock price is still a little higher. Some idle clans have already lost their families to the point of being surrounded by four walls, and they may not be able to take out five taels or ten taels of silver, let alone one thousand taels. But it doesn't matter, the low-level clans, the idle clans, and the banner people who have no place to live, in addition to the 'clan bank', the Qisi Yamen also specially opened a "Feng'en Fund" with the same errand and money to take care of them.