"Ah...... That said, Vladimir,"

Because he had already known Pugin, the attentive Lyudmila Pavlyuchenko called the researcher by his name, "Aside from these 'Opaz' that can't explain the problem, we humans have not found a truly reliable evidence that can prove the existence of 'prehistoric civilization'?" ”

"As far as I know, well, so to speak.

So far, the so-called 'evidence of prehistoric civilization' that has been discovered by mankind has not stood up to any scrutiny, and many of the so-called 'divine things' are only slightly vaguely documented, and no one can say for sure if they have not seen the first scene. Of course, if your question is to go one step further and not find any real 'Opaz', is it possible to prove that the so-called 'prehistoric civilization' must not have existed?

I think I need to be cautious in answering this question. ”

"Oh, yes?"

Having just heard Putin's explanation and knowing the unreliability of "Opaz", Yevgenia Liukin, who had drunk all the red wine in the glass, continued to talk, and some doubts in the girl's heart have not been eliminated:

"I don't really understand this, after all, if you think about it, if there was really a 'prehistoric civilization' in the world, even if it suddenly encountered an accident and completely disappeared, there would always be some traces of remnants and the like, right? Now, when our human activities are so extensive, but we have never found even a single clue, doesn't this mean that the so-called 'prehistoric civilization' never existed at all? ”

"Oh, yes! - Eve, that's a good idea. It's kind of interesting! ”

As the husband of Evgenia. Andrei Ushakov, who had drunk some wine and was particularly excited, nodded approvingly to his wife. Also keep up with a little insight of your own:

"In my opinion, humans evolved from monkeys little by little, and this thing is not that easy. If we say that there was a highly developed 'prehistoric civilization' on the earth, can we say that all of us are the descendants of the previous civilization - this is simply a bit absurd, the civilization has died out, and the species itself can survive. Isn't that weird? So I don't think 'Opaz' or anything else, I haven't found anything now, which just means that there is only one era of civilization on the earth, and that is our current era! ”

Although Ushakov's words sounded a little awkward, several young people present probably thought about it and felt that the words of this comrade major general were very reasonable.

Indeed, if a civilization that once existed has disappeared without a trace, then the biological species that founded it, called prehistoric man, for the time being, will also disappear without a trace. Otherwise, how could the civilization that once appeared suddenly break the line and leave no remnants behind?

This reasoning does not sound like an inevitability. But the intrinsic connection between the two is clear.

also has his own understanding of this, or Long Yun picked up Ushakov's words:

"Well, Andrey, I agree with what you said.

Generally speaking, species and civilization should be 'tied' together, and the continuation of civilization is equivalent to the continuation of species. So if the so-called 'prehistoric civilization' really disappeared for some reason, it probably could only be because the species that carried this civilization suddenly became extinct - so I also think that if there was a certain kind of intelligent creature on the earth, but then it suddenly became extinct, and then human beings evolved from the ancient ape and established a modern civilization, how can this miracle in the history of evolution appear more than once on the earth?

In this case, the probability should be almost zero. ”

"Indeed, this inference is reasonable to a certain extent."

Hearing the conversation between the two friends, Vladimir Putin, who was sitting next to Sophia, coughed lightly, as if he was about to make some concluding remarks: in fact, when it comes to "Opaz" and "prehistoric civilization", these interesting stories that ordinary people talk about are exactly what he researches, and his understanding of these matters is naturally deeper than that of the vast majority of people in society.

"Ladies and gentlemen, I think this conclusion is credible; In fact, colleagues at the institute have basically shared some similar views when it comes to this.

First of all, with regard to the theory of evolution, oh, of course, Comrade Lysenko's set aside, although we are not professionals, the basic concepts can always be figured out. The evolution from apes to humans is a very unlikely event in the history of biological evolution, and if it has happened more than once on Earth, well, theoretically it is possible, but in fact it is a completely different matter.

However, after all, a small probability does not mean 'impossible', and in my personal opinion, it is not enough to rely on this to veto the existence of 'prehistoric civilization'. ”

"Well...... So is this 'prehistoric civilization' 'there or not'? ”

After listening to Pujin's words, it seemed that he did not completely deny the existence of "prehistoric civilization", and Long Yun casually asked.

In the face of the expectant gazes of everyone present, the researcher with a wine glass took a sip of the spicy red card vodka, obviously calmly ready to speak; When it comes to his professional research, this usually unsmiling young man becomes very talkative, after all, in ordinary social interactions, there are few opportunities to communicate with others about these rather academic issues.

"'Yes or no'?

Victor, it's not an either/or question from a scientific point of view.

But between the two options, which one is best to gravitate? In this way, I am here to propose some ideas that everyone can think about and then make their own judgments.

First of all, as to whether 'prehistoric civilizations' existed or not, clinging to the so-called 'opaz' is actually a very inefficient approach: because many studies and observations have proved that the vast majority of the products of human civilization are in fact unusually fragile in the face of time, if not all of them.

From the city to the countryside, traces of human civilization can be seen everywhere: from the concrete dams that intercept rivers to the nuts that fall into the dirt of the wilderness, it is easy to give people the impression that even if human civilization disappears suddenly, there will be latecomers who will discover these 'relics', thus inferring that there was once such a history as 'human civilization' on the earth.

In fact, there must be an important premise for this assumption, which is that 'this civilization has not disappeared for too long.'"

"'It hasn't been gone for long'...... Vladimir, how long is it going to take? ”

has been listening attentively to the words of her newly met boyfriend, and Sophia Kochakina, who was sitting on the side, looked at Pugin with a pair of light green pupils, and asked a very tacit understanding.

"Sophie, strictly speaking, I can't give an exact time, but a general description is okay."

Hearing his girlfriend's questioning, or rather an appropriate interjection in a guiding language, Vladimir Pugin, who had a serious expression, looked back at his beautiful girlfriend for a moment, and said something to Sophia; Of course, for the introverted researcher, such a moment of emotional revelation is fleeting, and he immediately gives an explanation of "how long it will take for the traces of civilization to disappear":

"Well, let's put it this way, let's take our human civilization as an example.

If, from now on, all human beings on the earth suddenly disappear without a trace, then in a hundred years, it will be difficult to find evidence of the existence of human civilization in most parts of the world; After 10,000 years, except for a few special places, such as arid and windless desert caves, or frozen mountains and rivers with stable structures, most of the materials that human civilization once produced will collapse and dissipate without a trace; Broadening the scale, after millions of years, the entire planet will be completely transformed by the forces of nature, even if it is a delicate structure specially designed to preserve the flame of civilization, or just want to leave some evidence, in most cases, it will be difficult to escape the final fate of falling apart.

Generally speaking, the buildings, landforms, manufactured products, and even all the qiē that remain of any civilization cannot escape the long period of abrasion and ablation; After a long enough period of time, even the most stable substances, whether cement, metal or plastic, will gradually decompose and dissipate, thus losing their original appearance and disappearing into the surrounding environment.

However, of course, there is another counter-proof to this judgment: even after the tempering of time, some things can still survive in a harsh environment.

For example, the finished products of inert metals such as gold and platinum are a good example of preservation.

If human civilization dies out, the preservation of gold artifacts in some parts of zài should be able to preserve their original appearance for a long time. If the surrounding environment is suitable, the shelf life of gold, platinum and other products can theoretically even reach an infinite length. In addition, even if the substances themselves are easily destroyed, but if the environment is suitable and there are no conditions for them to collapse, then the shelf life of these substances can exceed the normal situation, and sometimes it can be incredibly long.

All in all, why is the search for the so-called 'Opaz' of little significance?

Because the search for 'Opaz' is essentially a probabilistic random act, if we can find something that is old and must be a product of civilization, then we can be sure of the existence of 'prehistoric civilization', but on the contrary, it is very boring, as it is now, human beings have not found anything in archaeology for the time being, and have not found even a reliable 'Opaz', but it is impossible to conclude that 'prehistoric civilization' does not exist on this basis: because we may never be able to determine,' Opaz' was not there in the first place, or was it simply undetected by human activity. (To be continued......)