Chapter 29: Tutankhamun's Tomb
Tutkamun was not the most accomplished pharaoh in ancient Egyptian history, but he is the most famous Egyptian pharaoh today, and his golden mask has become a symbol of Egypt's ancient civilization.
Tutankhamun was a pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty during the New Kingdom of ancient Egypt. He reigned from 1334 to 1325 or 1323 BC. His original name was "Tutankharten", which means "image of Aten". It was later changed to Tutankhamun, which means "the image of Amon", which also shows that his faith shifted from worshipping the god Aten to worshipping the god Amun.
His father, Akhenaten, once carried out a religious reformation and established Aten as the main god. Since then, temples have been reduced, the number of gods worshipped has been reduced, and even monotheism has gradually moved towards weakening the power of traditional religious priests.
Three years after Tutankhamun's accession to the throne (1331 BC), at the instigation of priests of the traditional polytheistic religion, and perhaps under the influence of those who actually held power, he re-established the god Amun, restored the temple, and moved the capital back to Thebes. According to historical records, Tutankhamun was only 18 years old when he died.
Tutankhamun is widely known to modern people because his tomb in the Valley of the Kings has never been stolen for 3,000 years. It wasn't until 1922 that the tomb of Tutankhamun was captured by the Englishman Howard? Carter shocked the Western world by discovering and exhuming nearly 5,000 precious funerary objects.
In 1922, the British archaeologist Howard ? Carter (Flinders?) Beatry's initiation disciple), discovered and excavated the burial chamber.
The original tomb of Tutankhamun. Not in the pyramids, but under some dilapidated stone sheds. According to legend, this stone shed was probably the temporary residence of the workers who built the tomb of Ramses VI of the 20th Dynasty. The entrance to Tutankhamun's tomb is less than 4 meters away from the tomb of Ramses VI.
It was excavated in 1933, and due to the large number of cultural relics-level funerary goods unearthed, it was an amazing event in the archaeological world at that time.
These thousands of funerary goods filled all the rooms except the coffin, and there were furniture, statues, weapons, royal staffs, gold-filled chariots, etc., which were luxurious and exquisite. One of the wooden veneered lion's leg thrones, in particular, was considered by Carter to be "the most beautiful artifact ever unearthed in Egypt." Today, the burial objects have been moved to the Cairo Museum for display.
What is really intact is the key part of the entire mausoleum - the coffin room. It's resplendent in gold. So that everyone who sees it will be dumbfounded. First of all. It is a four-tiered wooden cabinet (or outer coffin) that fills almost the entire room. The Ark is covered in gold throughout, with brightly glazed blue-glazed panels on all sides, and a variety of religious symbols designed to protect the deceased.
The outermost layer is a gilded wooden coffin, as dazzling as gold from a furnace. On the lid of the coffin is a golden statue of the king. Like the head and hands cast into a body. The body is embossed. Pharaoh's hands were crossed in front of his chest. In his hand he holds a bent staff and flail inlaid with blue glaze. They are symbols of royal power.
The pharaoh's face was made of pure gold, his eyes were made of Aragonese white stone and obsidian, and his eyebrows and eye circles were made of transparent sapphire. The expression is grim and indifferent, and the face is lifelike. Pharaoh's forehead was inlaid with a flamboyant cobra and a vulture, the emblems of Upper and Lower Egypt, and on these two objects was a small wreath that the young widow had given to her deceased husband after Pharaoh's death.
This small wreath full of simple human touches made the discoverer of Howard? Carter felt a lot. He said: "Though it is full of gold and royal luxury, nothing is as beautiful as these withered flowers." Although the flowers are withered, they can still distinguish their colors. These flowers tell us that 3,300 years is just a brief moment from yesterday to tomorrow. ”
The second layer of the coffin is also a gilded wooden coffin, and the lid of the coffin is covered with a golden statue of the pharaoh wearing a ceremonial robe, and the whole body is decorated with the ornate decoration of the god Osiris of hell.
The innermost coffin is the core of the whole coffin, and the whole inner coffin is amazingly luxurious, and it is actually made of a whole piece of pure gold. It is about 1.85 meters long, 2.5~3.5 mm thick, and weighs more than 6 kilograms.
Under the lid of the coffin was Tutankhamun, the pharaoh who was dressed up and rested. For 3,300 years before Carter opened the lid of the coffin, he was neither seen by the eyes of the living nor touched by the hands of the living. He was wrapped in layers of gold and jewels, and under the mask of pure gold was the face of a cultured, cultured, and serene youth. According to the conclusion of the doctors of the archaeological team at the time, this is the 18-year-old Pharaoh Tutankhamun himself.
The amazing scene at that time is something that only those who have experienced it can truly experience. Like Howard the Discoverer? Carter, although he later received the punishment of the pharaoh's curse, I believe that his shock and joy at that time were also a scene that he will never forget in his life......
Tutankhamun's tomb was found in the Valley of the Kings, a place that the three of us had been to before, and that place was very ordinary. Even, the ordinary is not easy for people to find.
The imposing pyramids, which from the day they were built, increasingly became a magnet for thieves, changing the real intention of their construction. The Egyptian pharaohs, fearing that they would not be at peace after death, finally came up with a plan: to separate the tomb from the temple, the latter remaining in the city, and the former to be built into the middle of nowhere.
Although this was very inconvenient for the pharaoh's spirit, it was too hard for him to travel several times a day to the temple for dinner and then back to the tomb to rest. But in order to keep his tomb from being harassed, Pharaoh had no choice but to make up his mind. From the New Kingdom period (1567~1085 BC, the 18th Dynasty), the pharaohs built their own sacrificial temples on the other side of the river where the capital Thebes is located, that is, in the city of the dead; And in a small desolate valley on the west bank of the Nile, the rock is hewn into a tomb.
The burial chambers of the sixty-two pharaohs of the New Kingdom period were all hidden in this small valley, hence the name "Valley of the Kings".
These burial chambers are located on both sides of the valley and are excavated according to the situation, resembling Chinese caves. But after thousands of years of changes, it is still standing. The tomb is not like the Chinese emperor's tomb with a sealed tree, but the entrance to the cave is blocked with rocks. There are no traces left outside the cemetery, and many fake tombs are erected to confuse the tomb robbers.
So the Pharaohs could not rest as they wished. Because of the great wealth they accompany, it is the most attractive reward for tomb robbers who are willing to take a risk and pay a qiē hard work.
The Valley of the Kings was therefore inevitably home to emperors and thieves.
For a time, archaeologists, expeditions, tomb robbers, and other teams and personnel flocked to the pyramids and the Valley of the Kings.
Since the end of the 19th century, a large number of archaeologists from Western countries have come to Egypt one after another, hoping to solve the mystery of the pyramids. However, the research has been going on year after year, and people still have not found anything.
During this period, tomb robbers were rampant, and the loss of cultural relics was strict. In the end, it was Pharaoh Tutankhamun who gave the most severe punishment to some righteous and improper people.
We are afraid of Pharaoh's curse. As long as it is glued, no one is immune. I believe that we are not a special race, nor do we have any special abilities that can resist or lift curses.
But there is one thing that I don't quite understand: since the curse of the pharaoh is a curse in Tutankhamun's tomb, it should not matter if we enter the pyramid.
Qian Cheng told the two Egyptian asan of my idea, and the two asan immediately laughed and asked me, "What is the pyramid?" ”
"It's a mausoleum." I say.
"Isn't that what it takes? The pyramid is the mausoleum of the pharaoh who spent his life building, and I believe that the curse of the pharaoh will not be limited to the tomb of Tutankhamun. One of them said.
That being said, we still have to save people. The agreement I made with Duoduo was more than just shouting slogans. As long as we don't die, we will never leave each other. As long as there is hope, I will never give up.
Now I am cursed by the Pharaoh, and I will save it. Besides, according to Pharaoh's curse, our purpose is not impure, we are not here to rob tombs, but to find people to enter. I didn't even think about anything else about the huge wealth.
So, I immediately decided to go into the pyramid. The old ghost and Qian Cheng saw my attitude, and immediately swore to follow me.
I have a life and death covenant with Duoduo, so I am naturally willing. As for the old ghost and Qian Cheng, I really don't want them to go in. It's a good day, but why don't you have to go inside and find it uncomfortable?
The old ghost is already very arrogant, and he doesn't care about anything. The relationship with me is so iron, plus we have experienced so much together. And this kid was thinking about Wu Lisha, so he naturally followed without hesitation.
But Qian Cheng, I don't quite understand. It's a little puzzling that he followed us like this, regardless of life and death.
But when I think about it, I think it makes sense: my grandfather's generation left a family mystery, and Duoduo is his cousin. In this way, he really had to go.
Since this is the case, it is clear that the other party is my future uncle, so it is better not to offend. We can't be too arbitrary, and he can help us a little bit.
My main concern is that if Qian Cheng has any longs and weaknesses, I can't explain to his family, and I can't afford to pay this responsibility.
Qian Cheng said: "Brother, everyone is an adult in their thirties, not a three-year-old or two-year-old child. Everything is done with great thought, what is there to worry about? ”
Seeing that Qian Cheng dispelled the last doubts in my heart, I had no worries. immediately bid farewell to the two big brothers and prepared to enter the pyramid.
As soon as we turned around, the two big brothers immediately stopped us. I thought they would give us a final persuasion, but I just shook my head helplessly and handed us a small package. He said, "May God bless you!" ”
The old ghost took the package and was just about to open it, when one of the three big brothers pressed the old ghost's hand and said, "Don't look at it now, when you enter this pyramid, you will use it!" (To be continued......)