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Chapter 47: Strange Fortune from Heaven V

For this incident, country C and country M have negotiated and reached a consensus that country C must not use a young child to steal any country's state secrets, and if this child wants to enter the core secrets of any country, as long as he doesn't say that no one knows the truth, country M specially sent a CIA official to monitor the contact between the three-year-old child Gu Xiaolong and anyone in the outside world almost every day, as long as he does not contact the outside world, these world-level secrets will not be leaked.

In fact, neither the National Security Bureau of Country C nor the CIA of Country M know what to do, for the three-year-old child Gu Xiaolong, these are completely useless, if he wants to enter any Blue Planet secret land, no matter how he can prevent it, for example: Area 51 of Country M, the Pentagon of Country M, the two military fortresses of Mezhgorje Town in Country O, the Royal Air Force Base of Mount Manwis in Country YGL, and the Metro Line 2 of Country O, the three-year-old child Gu Xiaolong can easily enter its core secrets without any scruples.

Area 51 (IATA:–ICAO:KXTA, with many aliases) is located in an area of Lincolnshire, southern Nevada, USA, and is a secret air base full of mystery in the United States, located at the foot of "Groom Hill", 130 kilometers from Las Vegas, Nevada, where the "Green House" is believed to be located. It is famous because many people believe that it is related to numerous UFO conspiracy theories. District 51 is a district located in Lincolnshire, southern Nevada, 150 kilometers northwest of downtown Las Vegas. There is an air base here. The area is believed to be a place used by the United States to secretly conduct the development and testing of new Air Force aircraft. This place is also famous because many people believe that it is related to numerous UFO conspiracy theories. There is one of the longest runways in the world: 14L/32R, 7,093 meters long, but the reality is closed.

Spherical, triangular, and frisbee-shaped UFOs can often be spotted around this base, with photographs and some video evidence to attest to these observed phenomena. Residents of the neighboring towns of Rachel and White End could feel the ground shaking beneath their feet in the summer of 1986, at 7 o'clock every Thursday morning. You can see some strange phenomena. One can also hear strange noises coming from the other side of the base. But when people come up with the idea of suing the Al Qaeda military, everything disappears and goes back to the way it was.

According to G reports, there has been a leak of information about the existence of "Area 51" for a long time, but US officials have always denied it. Now the U.S. government has finally acknowledged its existence in a recently declassified CIA report, which also tells the history of the U-2.

George Washington University's National Security Archives published a report entitled "The Mysterious History of the U-2," which repeatedly mentions "Area 51," which the U.S. government used as a secret testing base during the Cold War.

Even before the development of the U-2 was completed, Lockheed was already working on plans for its successor. This is the CIA's OXCART plan. This Area 51 "Space Object" display[4] was designed to develop an altitude reconnaissance aircraft as fast as Mach 3, which became known as the SR-71 Blackbird. Due to the characteristics of the aircraft and logistical needs of the Blackbird. As a result, the facilities and running track of Mafu Lake are in great need of further expansion. At the same time as the first Blackbird prototype (A-12) was lifted into the air, the main runway had been lengthened to 2600 meters, and the base was allegedly operated by more than a thousand personnel; It also has oil sumps, a tower and a baseball field. Security has also been considerably strengthened, with a civilian-operated pit in the Mafu Basin being closed and a reserve army stationed around the valley (where intruders will be subjected to "lethal force").

At Mafu Lake, all of the Blackbird's main aircraft were developed: the A-10, A-11, A-12, and RS-71 (later renamed SR-71 by U.S. Air Force Chief of Staff Curtis LeMay, which, contrary to rumors, was not an administrative error). In addition, there is the aborted YF-12A attack aircraft, and the disaster-ridden D-21 plan (a drone based on the Blackbird).

The Pentagon of Country M, located in Arlington County, Virginia, southwest of Washington, D.C., is the office of the U.S. Department of Defense and the seat of the highest military command organ of the United States. The Pentagon was founded by the American architect George? Bergstrom Design, builder John from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania? Construction began on September 11, 1941, and was completed on January 15, 1943. The Pentagon has five facades, and the building is divided into five floors, each with five circular corridors from the inside to the outside, with a total length of 17.5 miles. In its center there is a central square with a total area of 5 acres, which is also pentagonal. Because of its special functions, sometimes the term "Pentagon" is used not only for the building itself, but also for the US Department of Defense.

Mezhgorye is a closed village in the country of O, which is rumored to be inhabited by staff who are engaged in highly classified tasks around Mount Yamantawa, until 1979, when the town was discovered. At 1,640 m (5,381 ft), Yamantawa is the highest peak in the southern Ural Mountains, connecting the Kauswinskye Mountains (600 km to the north). It was suspected by country M to be the site of a massive nuclear facility or a coal bunker. After the collapse of SL in the 90s of the twentieth century, satellite imagery of country M observed a large-scale excavation project carried out here, which was during the pro-Western period of BY. Two military fortresses were built on top of the facility - Beloretsk-15 and Beloretsk-16. No matter how repeatedly the U.S. cross-examines questions about Mount Yamantawa, the government of country O will only give some answers that leave it speechless. They said it was nothing more than a mine, a repository for the Treasury of the O country. A food storage area or a refuge for leaders in the event of a nuclear war.

The Royal Air Force Base at Mount Manwees in YGL: A military base linked to the U.S. Ashlang Global Espionage Network. It is a communications interception and missile warning station. It contains a huge satellite ground station. It is the world's largest electronic information monitoring station. Some of the satellites operated by the US Reconnaissance Agency, which is part of the US National Security Agency, are used as ground receiving stations. The antennas are hidden under some distinctive white radomes, which are said to be part of the Eshron system. The Ashlang system was created to monitor the military and diplomatic communications of the Soviet Union and its Eastern Allied bloc during the Cold War in the 1960s. Since the Cold War, it has been used to search for clues of terrorist activities, the schemes of drug traffickers, and political and diplomatic intelligence. It has also been reported to be suspected of commercial espionage and has infiltrated all telephone and radio communications in the country, an extreme invasion of privacy.

Moscow Metro Line 2 in Country O: Moscow Metro Line 2 in Country O is a legendary metro system that runs parallel to the Moscow Public Metro. Construction of this subway system probably began during the SDL period and was named D-6 by the SL National Security Council. For the report of the reporter of the O country. The Federal Security Service of Country O and the Moscow Metro Bureau are ambiguous and noncommittal. According to rumors, the length of the Moscow Metro Line 2 even exceeds that of the Moscow Public Metro. It has 4 main roads, all of which lie between 50 and 200 meters underground. The Moscow Metro Line 2 connects the Kremlin, the headquarters of the Federal Security Service of State O, the government airfield of Vnukovo-2, an underground city of Jormanche and other important places of national importance. Needless to say, it is not even known whether it exists, so it is of course difficult to see it.

And Gu Xiaolong was as if he had been here in person, and all the secrets of these so-called Blue Planet World Realm level secret locations could be revealed one by one. In fact, there are no great secrets, it is nothing more than the result of vicious competition between countries on the Blue Planet in terms of military, science and technology, intelligence, etc. GUI Valley refers to a narrow strip of land located in San Francisco, California, USA, nearly 50 kilometers from Santa Clara to San Jose. It is an important base for the electronics industry in the United States. It is also the most well-known concentration of electronics industry in the world. Silicon Valley was originally formed for a simple reason: it was just a policy of the local government to retain students from colleges and universities, including Stanford University, and improve the local economy. Unexpectedly, the economy of the latter area developed rapidly and became a science and technology gathering area.

Silicon Valley has been gradually formed with the rapid development of microelectronics technology since the mid-60s of the 20th century; It is characterized by relying on some well-known universities in the world, such as Stanford, the University of California, Berkeley, and other world-renowned universities in the United States with strong scientific research capabilities, based on high-tech small and medium-sized companies, and has large companies such as Cisco, Intel, Hewlett-Packard, Apple, etc., integrating science, technology and production. Silicon Valley has more than 10,000 large and small electronics industry companies, and their production of semiconductor integrated circuits and electronic computers accounts for about 1/3 and 1/6 of the United States. After the 80s, with the emergence of research institutions in the region of new technologies such as biology, space, ocean, communications, and energy materials, Silicon Valley has objectively become the cradle of high-tech technology in the United States. Now Silicon Valley has become synonymous with high-tech clusters in various countries in the world.

The government of country M attaches great importance to GUI Valley, because there are all kinds of high-tech techniques involving military, space, electronics, etc., involving the core secrets of the country, and it is easy for a three-year-old child Gu Xiaolong to enter, which really makes them laugh and cry, in fact, they don't know that this three-year-old child Gu Xiaolong has a great responsibility, and he doesn't need these so-called state secrets at all, his task is to learn and learn again, and constantly accumulate all the knowledge of any blue planet and even the entire even space, When the time comes, it will play an invaluable role.

The second incident made many of the world's top scholars cry and laugh very embarrassed, a three-year-old child actually solved three major mathematical problems, and said that this is not a problem in the first place, if there are any problems, he will be handed over to solve them, no matter how difficult the problem is, he can solve it accurately, and finally asked a sentence that shocked these scholars: "Do you think these mathematical problems are really difficult?" If you can't do it, I'll teach you! But these problems are really boring, and it's okay to coax children to play, and there is no practical use value at all. Angry, these university scholars, who have devoted themselves to the cause of mathematics for decades, are all silent.

The three major mathematical problems in the world are: 1. The four-color conjecture: one of the three major mathematical problems in the modern world of the world. The four-color conjecture came from the United Kingdom. In 1852, he graduated from the University of London. When Guthrie came to work on map coloring at a scientific research institute, he noticed an interesting phenomenon: "It seems. Each map can be colored with four colors. Makes countries with common borders different colors. Can this conclusion be mathematically rigorously proven? He and his younger brother, Gris, who was in college, were determined to give it a try. The papers used by the brothers to prove the problem were stacked in large stacks. However, there has been no progress in the study.

On October 23, 1852, his younger brother consulted his teacher, the famous mathematician, to prove the problem. Morgan, who was unable to find a solution to this problem, wrote to his friend Sir Hamilton, the famous mathematician, for advice. After receiving Morgan's letter, Hamilton argued the four-color problem. But until Hamilton's death in 1865, the problem could not be solved.

In 1872, Kelly, the most famous mathematician in Britain at that time, formally proposed this problem to the London Mathematical Society, so the four-color conjecture became a concern of the world's mathematical community. Many first-class mathematicians in the world have participated in the battle of the four-color conjecture. 1878~1880 two years. Kemp and Taylor, two well-known lawyers and mathematicians, submitted papers to prove the four-color conjecture and announced that the four-color theorem had been proved, and everyone thought that the four-color conjecture would be solved.

Eleven years later, in 1890, the mathematician Herwood pointed out that Kemp's proof was wrong with his own precise calculations. Soon, Taylor's proof was also denied. Later, more and more mathematicians racked their brains about it, but found nothing. As a result, people began to realize that this seemingly easy topic. In fact, it is a difficult problem comparable to Fermat's conjecture: the efforts of the mathematicians of the past generations paved the way for later mathematicians to reveal the mystery of the four-color conjecture.

Since the beginning of the 20th century. Scientists' proof of the four-color conjecture is basically based on Kemp's idea. In 1913, Burkhoff introduced some new techniques based on Kemp, and in 1939 the American mathematician Benjamin Franklin proved that maps of less than 22 countries could be colored in four colors. In 1950, there was an advance from 22 to 35 countries. In 1960, it was proved that maps of less than 39 countries could be colored in just four colors; Then it was advanced to 50 countries. It seems that this progress is still very slow. After the advent of electronic computers, due to the rapid increase in the speed of calculation and the emergence of human-computer dialogue, the process of proving the four-color conjecture was greatly accelerated. In 1976, American mathematicians Appel and Haken spent 1,200 hours and 10 billion judgments on two different electronic computers at the University of Illinois, USA, and finally completed the proof of the four-color theorem. The computer proof of the four-color conjecture caused a sensation in the world. Not only does it solve a puzzle that has lasted for more than 100 years, but it has the potential to be the starting point for a series of new ideas in the history of mathematics. However, many mathematicians are not satisfied with the achievements of computers, and they are still looking for a simple and clear way to prove it in writing.

2. Goldbach's conjecture: one of the three major mathematical problems in modern times. Goldbach was a German secondary school teacher and a famous mathematician, born in 1690 and elected a member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences in 1725. In 1742, Goldbach discovered in his teaching that every even number not less than 6 was the sum of two prime numbers (numbers that could only be divisible by itself). Such as 6 = 3 + 3, 12 = 5 + 7 and so on.

On June 7, 1742, Goldbach wrote to the great mathematician Euler, proposing the following conjecture: (a) Any even number of >=6 can be expressed as the sum of two odd prime numbers. (b) Any odd number >=9 can be expressed as the sum of three odd prime numbers.

This is the famous Goldbach conjecture. In a reply to him on June 30, Euler said that he believed the conjecture was correct, but he could not prove it. The conjecture that even a leading mathematician like Euler could not prove such a simple problem has attracted the attention of many mathematicians. Since Fermat proposed this conjecture, many mathematicians have tried to overcome it, but without success. Of course, some people have done some specific verification work, such as: 6 = 3 + 3, 8 = 3 + 5, 10 = 5 + 5 = 3 + 7, 12 = 5 + 7, 14 = 7 + 7 = 3 + 11, 16 = 5 + 11, 18 = 5 + 13, and so on. Some people have checked the even numbers within 33×108 and greater than 6, and Goldbach's conjecture (a) is true. However, the mathematical proof of the grid has yet to be worked on by mathematicians.

Since then, this famous mathematical problem has attracted the attention of thousands of mathematicians in the world. 200 years have passed. No one has proven it. The Goldbach conjecture thus became an unattainable "jewel" in the crown of mathematics. By the 20s of the 20th century. Only then did people start to move closer to it. In 1920, the Norwegian mathematician Bujue proved it using an ancient screening method. It was concluded that every even number larger than the greater can be expressed as (99). This method of narrowing the encirclement was very effective, so the scientists began with (919) and gradually reduced the number of prime factors contained in each number until the final result was a prime number in each number, thus proving "Goldbach".

The best result so far was proved by the Chinese mathematician Chen Jingrun in 1966, called Chen's Theorem? Any sufficiently large even number is the sum of a prime number and a natural number, and the latter is simply the product of two prime numbers. This result is usually referred to as a large even number, which can be expressed as "1+2".

Before Chen Jingrun, the progress on the sum of the product of even numbers that can be expressed as s prime numbers and the product of t prime numbers (referred to as the "s+t" problem) is as follows: 1920. Norway's Brun proved the "9+9". In 1924, the German Rademacher proved the "7+7". In 1932, Estermann in England proved "6+6". In 1937, Ricei of Italy proved "5+7", "4+9", "3+15" and "2+366". In 1938, Byxwrao of the Soviet Union demonstrated "5+5". In 1940, Byxwrao of the Soviet Union demonstrated "4+4". In 1948, Renyi of Hungary proved "1+c", where c is a large natural number. In 1956, China's Wang Yuan proved "3+4". In 1957, China's Wang Yuan proved "3+3" and "2+3" successively. 1962 year. China's Pan Chengdong and the Soviet Union's Bapoa H proved "1+5", and China's Wang Yuan proved "1+4". 1965 year. The Soviet Union's Bucher Shitaibo (Byxwrao) and Vinogradov the Younger (BHHopappB), and Italy's Bombieri (Bombieri) demonstrated the "1+3". In 1966, China's Chen Jingrun proved "1+2". Who will overcome the "1+1" problem in the end? It's impossible to predict yet.

3. Fermat's theorem: For more than 300 years, Fermat's theorem has exhausted many famous mathematicians in the world, and some have even exhausted their life's energy. The mystery of Fermat's theorem was finally lifted in 1995 and proved by the 43-year-old British mathematician Wells. This is considered "the most significant mathematical achievement of the 20th century". The story involves two mathematicians 1,400 years apart, one is Diophantus in ancient Greece and the other is Fermat in France. Diophantus was active around 250 AD.

In 1637, when Fermat, who was in his 30s, was reading the French translation of his famous work "Arithmetic", he wrote in Latin in the blank space of the page about the solution of all positive integers of the indefinite equation x2 + y2 = z2: "The cube of any number cannot be divided into the sum of the cubes of two numbers; The fourth power of any number cannot be divided into the sum of the fourth power of two numbers, and in general, it is impossible to divide a power higher than the second into the sum of two powers of the same order. I've found a wonderful proof of this assertion, but unfortunately the blank space here is too small to write. ”

After Fermat's death, people found this passage written on the book's header while sorting through his belongings. In 1670, his son published this part of Fermat's page-end notes, and everyone learned about this problem. Afterward. This assertion is known as Fermat's theorem. To put it in mathematical language, it is: an equation of the shape xn+yn=zn. When n is greater than 2, there is no positive integer solution.

Initially. Mathematicians tried to rediscover the "wonderful proof" that Fermat had not written, but no one succeeded. The famous mathematician Euler used the infinite pushdown method to prove that the equations x3+y3=z3 and x4+y4=z4 cannot have positive integer solutions.

Because any integer greater than 2, if not a multiple of 4, must be an odd prime or a multiple of it. Therefore, as long as it can be proved that n=4 and n is any odd prime, there is no positive integer solution to the equation, Fermat's great theorem is fully proved. The case of n=4 has been demonstrated, so. The problem focuses on the case of proving that n is equal to an odd prime.

After Euler proved n = 3 and n = 4, in 1823 and 1826 Legendre and Dirichlet each independently proved the case of n = 5, and in 1839 Lame proved the case of n = 7. In this way, the long march of one by one odd prime certificates began.

Among them, the German mathematician Kummer made important contributions. He used the method of modern algebra to introduce the concepts of "ideal numbers" and "round numbers" that he invented, and pointed out that Fermat's theorem may only be incorrect when n is equal to some value called non-regular prime numbers, so only these numbers need to be studied. Such a number. Within 100, there are only 37, 59, and 67. He also specifically demonstrated that when n = 37, 59, 67. It is impossible for the equation xn+yn=zn to have a positive integer solution. This pushes Fermat's great theorem to n within 100. Kummer proved the theorem "in batches", which was regarded as a major breakthrough. In 1857, he was awarded the Gold Medal of the Academy of Sciences in Paris.

Although this "Long March" method of proofing is constantly refreshing records, such as in 1992 to n=1,000,000, this does not mean that the theorem has been proved. It seems that a different path needs to be found. To whom the 100,000 mark is awarded.

Since the time of Férmat, the Paris Academy of Sciences has twice offered medals and bonuses to those who prove Fermat's theorem, and the Brussels Academy of Sciences has also offered large rewards, but to no avail. In 1908, when the German mathematician Vrfskel died, he gave his 100,000 marks to the German Göttingen Society as a prize for the solution of Fermat's great theorem. The Göttingen Society of Science has announced that the prize money is valid for 100 years. The Göttingen Society is not responsible for reviewing manuscripts. 100,000 marks was a lot of money at the time, and Fermat's theorem was a problem that even schoolchildren could understand. As a result, not only those who specialize in mathematics, but also many engineers, pastors, teachers, students, bank clerks, government officials, and ordinary citizens are delving into this problem. In a short period of time, thousands of proofs have been published in various publications.

At that time, a German journal called "Mathematics and Physics Bibliographies" voluntarily appraised papers in this area, and by the beginning of 1911 a total of 111 "proofs" had been examined, all of which were wrong. Later, it could not bear the heavy burden of review, so it announced that it would stop this review and appraisal work. However, the tide of proof was still raging, and although the German currency had depreciated sharply many times after the two world wars, the original 100,000 marks were no longer worth much when converted into later marks. However, the precious spirit of love for science is still encouraging many people to continue to do this work.

Through the efforts of predecessors, many achievements have been made in proving Fermat's theorem, but there is undoubtedly still a long way to go before the proof of the theorem. What to do? A new method is necessary, and some mathematicians have adopted the traditional method of transforming the problem.

The Fermat problem is just a special case of the Diophantine equation as a transformation of algebraic geometry by associating it with a point on an algebraic curve. On the basis of Riemann's work, in 1922, the British mathematician Modell proposed an important conjecture. : "Let F(x,y) be the rational coefficient polynomial of the two variables x and y, then when the deficit of the curve F(x,y)=0 (a quantity related to the curve) is greater than 1, the equation F(x,y)=0 has at most a finite set of rational numbers." In 1983, the 29-year-old German mathematician Faltins proved the Model conjecture using a series of results from the Soviet Union Shafaravich on algebraic geometry. This is another major breakthrough in the proof of Fermat's great theorem. Faltins won the Fields Medal in 1986.

Wells still uses algebraic geometry to climb, and he makes wonderful connections between the achievements of others, and he learns from the lessons of those who have walked this path, noticing a new and circuitous path: if the Taniyama-Shimura conjecture is true, then Fermat's great theorem must be true. This was discovered in 1988 by the German mathematician Ferré while studying a conjecture by the Japanese mathematician Taniyama-Shimura about the elliptic function in 1955.

Born into a theological family in Oxford, England, Wells was very curious and interested in Fermat's theorem from an early age, which led him to the temple of mathematics. After graduating from college, he began to fantasize about his childhood, determined to fulfill his childhood dreams. He carried out the research of Fermat's theorem in extreme secrecy, keeping his mouth shut and not penetrating the slightest rumor.

Seven years of perseverance until June 23, 1993. On this day, a routine academic lecture was being held in the hall of the Newton Institute of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge in the United Kingdom. The speaker, Wells, gave a two-and-a-half-hour presentation on his findings. At 10:30, at the end of his presentation, he calmly announced: "Thus, I proved Fermat's great theorem". This sentence was like a thunderclap, and many hands that only had to clapped routinely were fixed in the air, and the hall was silent. Half a minute later, thunderous applause seemed to tear down the roof of the hall. The English scholars did not care about their elegant gentlemanly demeanor, and rejoiced with emotion.

The news quickly caused a sensation in the world. Various mass media reported on it and called it "the achievement of the century". It is believed that Wells finally proved Fermat's theorem, which was listed as one of the top ten achievements in science and technology in the world in 1993. Soon, however, the media quickly reported an "explosive" news: when Wells's 200-page paper was submitted for review, it was found to be flawed.

Wells did not stop in the face of setbacks, and he spent more than a year revising his thesis and fixing loopholes. At this time, he was already "haggard for Iraq", but he "never regretted the gradual widening of his belt". In September 1994, he rewrote a 108-page paper and sent it to the United States. The paper was successfully reviewed, and his paper was published in May 1995 in the American journal Annals of Mathematics. Wells won the 1995~1996 Wolf Prize in Mathematics.

After more than 300 years of continuous struggle, mathematicians have made many important discoveries around Fermat's theorem and promoted the development of some branches of mathematics, especially the progress of algebraic number theory. The core concept of modern algebraic number theory, the "ideal number", was proposed to solve Fermat's great theorem. No wonder the great mathematician Hilbert praised Fermat's great theorem as "a hen that lays golden eggs". (To be continued......)