The 464th good rice is made into bad porridge

In the real world, there are occasional people who praise the history of Oxford University and Cambridge University, but the early Oxford University and Cambridge University are not the universities that everyone imagines. It was not until the beginning of the 16th century, when the contradiction between royal power and theocracy became increasingly fierce, that these so-called ancient universities began to reform secularization. Taking Newton's alma mater, Cambridge University, as an example, the British royal family was disgusted with Cambridge's habit of only cultivating religious leaders, so they took a hardline attitude to intervene in the affairs of Cambridge University, and prepared for the establishment of Trinity College, which led Cambridge University to gradually begin to recruit students who majored in non-theology and pastorage.

Nevertheless, religious ideas will continue to permeate Cambridge University for the next two hundred years.

For example, it was not until 1860 that the University of Cambridge officially lifted the ban on marriage for academicians.

Why didn't Newton get married?

In addition to Newton's own emotional problems, the custom of Cambridge University not allowing academicians to marry and have children at that time was probably also a very important reason.

Newton, for example, is only to illustrate the strong religious atmosphere of the early Cambridge University.

In 1666, perhaps due to the globalization of the Wei Empire, the bourgeois revolutionary civil war had not yet broken out in England, let alone the legend of Cromwell, the protector of the country. However, the Wei and Xia feudal empires could at best alleviate the internal contradictions that weakened England, but could not completely eradicate them. The religious contradictions induced by the Reformation, the Zhuxia cultural ideology spread through Pugang, and the comprador class painted with the colors of the Wu clan still brought a violent impact to the old ruling class of England that could not bear it.

The old aristocracy, represented by the English royal family, and the clergy who ruled Oxford and Cambridge universities, were hostile to all potential forces that wanted to erode power in their hands and change the existing order, and would never support the new Isaac's educational reform of the two universities. New Isaac wandered in depression until 1671, sighed and gave up the idea of serving his country, and resolutely led his wife back to Lu Fan and began to pursue his own career.

The new Isaac, who is suspected to be Newton in this plane, was vulgarly married.

However, even if the new Isaac were really Newton, his marriage would be understandable.

After all, Weihe College does not have the strange rules of Cambridge University that prohibit marriage.

The new Isaac's wife's name was arthurrine, and after marrying the new Isaac, she changed her surname to Xin, following the custom of England, and the word Ya was transliterated, and translated as New Yani. In 1673, New Isaac and his wife, Xin Yani, arrived in Qingdao Mansion of the Lu Domain, applied for a lowest-level research job at the Wei He Academy, and immediately plunged headlong into the pit of natural science.

The New Isaac lived up to his similarities with Newton.

The new Isaac's natural science talent was quite high, and without the achievements of the three laws of mechanics, he immediately devoted himself to the latest theoretical frontiers such as optics and electricity. In 1681, New Isaac was keenly aware of the phenomenon of light aberration, in which the angle of a light source tilts in the direction of motion, which allowed him to calculate the speed of light with greater accuracy. After that, Weihe College awarded the title of assistant researcher to the new Isaac, and since then he has been completely integrated into the academic circle of Weihe College. To this day, the new Isaac remains in the scientific research position.

Above, even the status quo of the five case samples.

Wei Dongsheng ended this round of close observation with an indifferent mentality, and went north to investigate the current situation of Zhao Fan's six-year compulsory education.

As soon as he stepped into the border of the Zhao Domain, Wei Dongsheng couldn't help but smile bitterly and shook his head.

As Wei Dongsheng expected, Zhao Fan's six-year compulsory education policy was very unoptimistic.

One of the samples, A village in a county in Hejian Province.

The school here is a dilapidated building, and the teacher is a veteran soldier who is not more than 100 literate, and the quality of teaching can be imagined. A very simple corollary is that the tutors are all illiterate, how can he teach qualified students? In addition, the children of the poor are in charge of the household at an early age, and although the children of six or seven years old cannot be regarded as qualified laborers, they are already able to do some simple tasks such as herding sheep, feeding pigs, and heating meals.

Compulsory education in Village A is basically in a state of abandonment.

Unless an official comes to inspect the people's livelihood, the teacher will temporarily summon the students to pretend.

Sample 2, Village B in a county in Hejian Province.

Unlike Village A, the compulsory education system in Village B and even the surrounding villages is decent, with groups of children gathering at each school on time to learn rote memorization. If Weifu, the king of the Wei domain, paid a private visit here, he would definitely be very pleased and sighed: "The people here are really studious." ”

It's a pity that the compulsory education in Village B is also "outside of gold and jade, and it is ruined".

There is a large landowner surnamed Cheng in Village B, who has contracted six years of compulsory education in more than 20 nearby villages. The large landowner surnamed Cheng held high the banner of loyalty to His Majesty the vassal king to establish compulsory education, and first drove the officials to order the villagers in each village to raise funds to build a school; Second, a militia was formed to protect the students, and the villagers were forced to send their children to the school on time.

Why are the big landowners so actively supporting the national policy?

Because of the interests.

The peasants' incomes are low, and every penny of unexpected expenses must be considered again and again. Cheng Dada's support for the national policy of compulsory education is supported, and he will never personally pay for the construction of the school, and all the funds for the construction of the school are wool out of the sheep. And because he didn't spend his own money anyway, Cheng Da's extravagant and wasteful style demanded "one school in one village, one school in five villages", which indirectly forced many homesteaders to bankruptcy.

Some people may question that if the peasants have no money, they have no money, and what can the big landlords do?

The answer is very simple, the peasants have no money, and they can sell their ancestral farmland to the Cheng landlords; When the land is sold, the peasants can also mortgage their wives and children and themselves to the big landlord Cheng.

One village and one school, five villages and one school, the purpose of which is to drain the savings of yeoman farmers in the name of national policy.

In addition, in addition to the construction cost of the school, the annual tuition fee for children is a big mountain that suppresses the peasants and cannot turn over.

As an aside, Zhao Fan's economy was weak, and Hejian Prefecture and other prefectures and counties near Lu Fan were accustomed to using Lu Yuan to settle income. In 1672, Lu Fan implemented a new monetary policy, stipulating that 1 Lu Yuan should be exchanged for 100 New Lu Wen, and Lu Yuan and Lu Wen are also used here to briefly describe the economic burden of the Zhao Domain's peasants.

Zhao Fan's national policy of compulsory education stipulates that all children over the age of 6, both male and female, must study in a school for six years, with a minimum of four months of study each year. The tuition fee stipulates that children must pay a tuition fee of 20 Wen (Luwen) every ten years before they can learn to read; After a child learns to read or has studied for two years, he or she must pay 30 literature fees per ten years; Children who have learned to read and write, or who have studied for four years, are required to pay a literature fee of 40 per decade. And if anyone dares to miss class, one day will be counted as 4 classes, and one class will be fined 20 yuan, and one day of class will be fined 80 yuan.

What is the income of the farmers in Hejian Province?

According to Wei Dongsheng's rough statistics, the per capita income of peasants in Hejian Prefecture of Zhao Fan was about 24 Lu Yuan, or 2,400 Lu Wen.

Whoever dares to miss a month's class will lose a year's income.

Even if a child does not miss school, he or she has to study for at least 4 months a year, which is 12 years, which is a heavy burden of 480 literature at 40 per decade. If there are two or even three children in the family, the financial burden suddenly becomes heavier, how can the small farmers pay for the children's school fees? It is also because of this that Jiacun and other villages regard "the six-year compulsory education of Wei Wuwei" as a joke, and feel that this policy cannot be implemented at all. However, Cheng Da Da was a "loyal minister" who actively supported the national policy, and he did not care whether the rural areas needed nine-year compulsory education or not.

In the more than 20 villages controlled by the big landlords, all villages must build schools, and all peasant children must read and write. Of course, the most critical place is that all the villagers must pay his tuition fees and fines on time, and whoever dares to resist the national policy of compulsory education is a rebel who ignores the king's orders.

It is said that when the national policy of compulsory education was first implemented, the villagers near Village B cried and cursed Wei Wuwei for fainting. Realizing that they could not resist the militia organized by the Cheng landlords, the villagers could only barely endure their grief and temporarily give their biological children to relatives to raise or ruthlessly sell them to Lu Domain. Some desperate villagers who were blocked at the door of their homes by the school guards even strangled school-age children to death with trembling hands, laughing and crying madly carrying the children's corpses: "Hahaha, my son (daughter) is dead. ”

Of course, there will be people who will rebel against the big landlords Cheng.

Unfortunately, with firebolts to beak guns, flint guns to bayonet guns, the threat of rebellion from the low-organized peasants became less and less. After the student militia collapsed and killed more than 10 villagers in the name of supporting the national policy, more than 20 villages fell to their knees in front of the big landlord Cheng one after another.

After the triple oppression of raising funds for the construction of the school, children's tuition, and fines for absenteeism, except for a few distant relatives who could not erase their faces, such as the seven aunts and eight aunts of the Cheng big landlords, all the yeoman farmers tragically became the lifelong tenants of the Cheng landowners.

Well, perhaps the term tenured tenant should not be used hastily.

In order to relieve the personal restraint of the tenant system, Zhao Fan had issued a number of decrees prohibiting the landlord class from using land to restrain tenants. Unfortunately, there are policies and countermeasures, even if there is no tenant contract constraint in name, the tuition fees and massive fines brought about by the national policy of compulsory education can still force the former yeoman farmers to obediently work for the big landlords.

After walking a little more, Wei Dongsheng found that Village A and Village B were the two normalities of Zhao Fan's compulsory education national policy.

Either the national policy of compulsory education is abandoned and becomes a child's play, or compulsory education has become a powerful tool for landlords and officials to accumulate money. With the banner of the national policy of compulsory education, I don't know how many yeoman farmers have no choice but to go bankrupt, and I don't know how many treacherous officials have become big landlords.

Wei Dongsheng looked at it from the standpoint of the people, and Zhao Fan's national policy of compulsory education was simply insulting the four words of compulsory education.

Rural areas certainly need compulsory education, but they do not need such compulsory education.

Wei Dongsheng quickly became cold-hearted and hastily ended the investigation of the current situation of compulsory education in Zhao Fan. Returning to Weihe College, Wei Dongsheng quickly applied for cooperation with the relevant departments of Zhao Fan in the name of Weihe College, expressing that Weihe College was willing to help Zhao Fan improve the national policy of compulsory education. After Wei Wuwei, the vassal king of the Wei domain, happily agreed, Wei Dongsheng immediately carried out Mongolian education in a place similar to Yicun, piercing the ugly masks of Cheng Dada and other loyal ministers, and then used Wei Wuwei's sword to avenge those innocent children.

When Wei Wuwei was slow to find that the national policy of nine-year compulsory education had become the sword of Shang Fang for local landlords, officials, bureaucrats, etc., to oppress the yeoman farmers, he had to relax the national policy of nine-year compulsory education in frustration. Of course, the consequences are also very regrettable, Wei Wuwei reduced the burden of the yeoman peasant class at the same time, Zhao Fan's nine-year compulsory education national policy gradually fell into the appearance of a village.