Chapter 62: Practicing Martial Arts

The question of the specific time of replacement between the old and new era names. After analysis, it was found that there are also many topics that can be in-depth. Because there are twelve months in a year, and the change of the old and new era names cannot always occur at the turn of two natural years. First of all, let's analyze the meaning of the word "change", we can know that in the original meaning of "change", in addition to "change" is to change the meaning; And "yuan" means the first month. The meaning of this first month is, of course, the first month of the second year. It turns out that although the old emperor has died, his era name is generally still postponed to the end of the year. Therefore, the so-called "change of yuan" refers to the change of the year name after the first month of the next year.

Specifically analyzing the special situation of "changing the yuan", in addition to the above-mentioned law of changing the yuan, there are four special situations. One. Change of dynasty. Those founding kings who were empty-eyed, of course, did not have the patience to wait for the next year for the old lord before the decline. Naturally, on the day the founding of the country was announced, a new era name was issued. Second. During the reign of the same emperor, everything does not have to wait until the beginning of the new year. It is entirely possible to announce a change in the era name at any time as necessary. For example, in 713 AD, it was originally the second year of the Tang Dynasty, because in November, Tang Xuanzong was honored as Emperor Shenwu of Kaiyuan. So in December, it was changed to "Kaiyuan". Third. Although it was a transition between the old and the new in the same dynasty, the successors were generally later than the previous emperors. So most of them will be patient and wait until the New Year. However, in times of emergency, there will also be expedient measures. For example, at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, Zhao Gou of Song Gaozong was located in Jiankang, under the pretext of comforting the people, that is, May of the second year of Jingkang was the first year of Jiankang. Fourth. The emperor has become an involuntary puppet, and he has to look at other people's faces in everything, so it is difficult to explain the specific reasons.

There are also new era names that were originally drafted, but were later replaced again for some reason: for example, during the reign of Xiaozong Qiandao in the Southern Song Dynasty, the first month of the next year was changed to "Chunxi", and then changed to "Chunxi" for some reason, which is an example of the second change of the era name used by the same emperor. The difference between one word is just the difference in pronunciation, and there will not be too many stories behind it. In recent years, a large number of Southern Song Dynasty iron coins have been produced in the Gaoyou area of Jiangsu, including iron coins with the inscription "Chunxi Yuanbao", and a few physical objects of "Chunxi Yuanbao" have also been found. It can be proved that the record in the history book that Xiaozong originally planned to use "Chunxi" as the year name, and later changed it to "Chunxi" is true.

There is also an example of changing the era name twice, which is full of too much gore. This is the commonly known "Qixiang Coup" in the last years of Xianfeng in the Qing Dynasty, also known as the "Xinyou Coup". In July of the eleventh year of Xianfeng, the age is Xinyou. Emperor Wenzong of the Qing Dynasty died of illness in the summer resort of Chengde, and eight people including Su Shun were appointed as ministers of praise and Xiangwu to assist the six-year-old crown prince Zaichun to inherit the throne. The eight ministers abided by the edict and the general regent, supported Zaichun to ascend to the Great Treasure, and planned to change the yuan to "Qixiang" next year. Cixi contacted Prince Gong in Beijing and preemptively arrested the eight ministers on September 30. Cixi then used the name of "governing together" after the two queens, and used the name of "Tongzhi" and abolished "Qixiang". Some scholars believe that the "Qixiang" era name was determined on July 26, the 11th year of Xianfeng, and was abolished by Cixi on the fifth day of the first month of October, with a total of only 69 days. Lamenting the shortness of the "Qixiang" year name, it is really rare in history, so that the world knows that there are not many people who still have the name of Qixiang in the Qing Dynasty. In fact, this statement is not accurate, "Qixiang" was originally the name of the year to be used in January next year, but it was canceled before January next year due to changes. Therefore, the "Qixiang" era name does not exist only for 69 days, but it has never been used, it only exists in the virtual for a short time.

There is also a strange phenomenon that the same emperor has changed his name three times a year. For example, in the first month of the first year of Yong'an in the Western Jin Dynasty, Sima Yue, the king of the East China Sea, imprisoned the king of Changsha, changed the Yuan Yong'an, and was ordered by Emperor Hui to crusade against Taidi Ying in July. In November, Zhang Fang forced Emperor Hui to move to Chang'an, restored Yuan Yong'an, and in December, established Yuzhang Wang Chi as the emperor's younger brother and changed Yuan Yongxing. Therefore, the year 304 A.D. in history, in the Chinese era name, can be recorded separately: Jin Hui Emperor Sima Zhen Jiazi: 1) the first year of Yong'an, 2) the first year of Jianwu, 3) the first year of Yong'an, 4) the first year of Yongxing. The story that happened in the Western Jin Dynasty was almost replicated again in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. In 402 A.D., the first month of the Yuan Yuanxing, the edict to discuss Huan Xuan, Huan Xuan raised troops to the east, in March, Huan Xuan entered Jiankang, renamed Longan for six years, not a few, changed the Yuan tycoon. Therefore, the Eastern Jin Dynasty Emperor Sima Dezong in 402 A.D. Ren Yin, a year before and after: Yuanxing, Longan, tycoon three era names.

The story about the Hongwu era is also a special phenomenon in the era name. Originally, in the first month of 1368 AD, Zhu Yuanzhang was called the emperor, the country name was Ming, and the Jianyuan Hongwu was Emperor Taizu Gao of the Ming Dynasty. In the leap month of the thirty-first year of Hongwu, Ming Taizu died. The heir of the grandson Zhu Yun is Emperor Hui, and the next year is changed to Jianwen. At the beginning of Jianwen, he was full of ambition and hoped to make a difference. Therefore, he wanted to consolidate the centralization of power by withdrawing the feudal domain. Who knew that he set himself on fire, forcing King Yan to rebel in the name of "Jingnan". On June 13 of the fourth year of Jianwen, Yan Shi invaded the capital Nanjing, and the palace was on fire, and Emperor Hui Jianwen did not know what to do. On the 17th, Zhu Di, the king of Yan, was the emperor, and in July, the edict was issued since June, and the year of Ge Jianwen was still called the 35th year of Hongwu. Therefore, in the Hongwu era, there is no Hongwu 32 to 34 years, but there is Hongwu 35 years, which is also a rare strange thing.

In ancient China, there were many emperors who liked to change the Yuan frequently. However, there are also a few emperors, there are cases where the era name of the first emperor is used, such as the fifth dynasty of Jin Tianfu in the seventh year of June, Jin Gaozu died, and the brother and son were the heirs of the nobles, which was for the Jin emperor. In the following years of 943 and 944 A.D., the Yuan was not changed according to the custom, but the Tianfu year name was used. Therefore, there are the eight years of Tianfu and the ninth year of Tianfu. The reason for the analysis is estimated to be because the Jin Dynasty was originally called a minister to the Khitan, and when the Jin Gaozu died, the emperor was in the Khitan, and the text called Sun but not a minister, so that the Khitan lord was angry. Originally, Jin Gaozu in July of the third year of Tianfu, the title of the Khitan lord and the queen mother, the Khitan lord stopped the Jin lord as a minister, and ordered to be called the emperor, and in October the Khitan canonized the Jin lord Shi Jingjiao as the heroic and martial emperor. Therefore, when he was promoted to the throne of the emperor, because he did not get the approval of the Khitan lord, he was embarrassed to be famous and unjust, so there was a story of using the name of the first emperor.

In the long history of ancient China, warlords fought each other, and political regimes were numerous and the world was in chaos. There are mainly the Northern and Southern Dynasties period at the end of the Jin Dynasty, and the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period at the end of the Tang Dynasty. Reflected in the chronology of the year, it is also chaotic and abnormal. If you open the chronology of Chinese history, you will find that there are more than ten kinds of ordinary years, using the ancient Chinese chronology method. For example, in 403 A.D. during the Northern and Southern Dynasties, there were eleven different era names. The excerpts are as follows: the second year of Jin Yuanxing, the second year of Daheng, the first year of Huan Xuanyong, the sixth year of Wei Tianxing, the third year of Hou Yan Guangshi, the fifth year of Hou Qin Hongshi, the third year of Hou Liang Shending, the second year of Nanliang Hongchang, the third year of Beiliang Yong'an, the fourth year of Li Wei of Xiliang, and the fourth year of Nanyan Jianping. For example, in 936 A.D. during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, there were as many as eight different era names. The excerpt is as follows: "C-Shen. The third year of Tang Qingtai, the first year of Jin Gaozu Shi Jingjiao Tianfu, the ninth year of Southern Han Dayou, the second year of Wu Tianzuo, the eleventh year of Khitan Tianxian, the second year of Min Yonghe, the first year of Tongwen, and the third year of Later Shu Mingde". In the face of so many era names, it can't help but make people feel dizzy. Even if you have a good memory, it is difficult to remember it clearly.

Because there are too many era names, it is inevitable that the chronology will be confused. Therefore, from the Ming Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, successive emperors, from ascending the throne to his death, only used one era name. For example, although Xuanye, the ancestor of the Qing Dynasty, reigned for 61 years, he was already the longest-reigning emperor of China, so "Kangxi" is also the longest-used era name in Chinese history. And the Qing Gaozong Hongli, known as the perfect old man, has been in power for 60 years. But there is no new creativity in the era name, and it is precisely because of this that people today can remember Qianlong's anecdotes so clearly.

In modern Chinese history, the shortest time used is undoubtedly Yuan Shikai's "Hongxian" era name. It just shows that all perverse actions that go against the trend of history can only be a flash in the pan like dew. It also sounded the final death knell for the era name that has been implemented in China for more than 2,000 years. On November 10, the third year of Xuantong of the Qing Dynasty, the representatives of various provinces met in Nanjing, elected Sun Yat-sen as the provisional president of the ********, and decided to adopt the Gregorian calendar. This ended China's feudal society, and the more than 2,000-year-long chronology method opened a new page in history.

Lu Shuang was surprised and surprised: "This person is not Taizu, so who else could it be?" Who is so bold and daring to pretend to be the identity of Taizu, if that is the case, then this person is too bold, right? I echoed in my heart on the tree: "That's right, who dares to pretend to be a saint back then, it seems that that person is really bold, and I don't know who this person is?" I only heard Tang Yi say: "Li Rulong saw that the palace was not Taizu, he didn't know what to do, he saw that the young man was not young, but he was born extremely majestic, and there was a bit of Taizu's majesty in his figure, but the expression on his face was too uncertain, and his eyes revealed a certain inviolable majesty and cunning. Li Rulong retreated from the palace at a loss, although his heart was full of hatred, the person he was looking for was Taizu, not someone else. That night, after Li Rulong left the palace, he found a place to live near Jinling, he believed that his enemy would definitely appear, but soon he knew that he would not be able to take revenge in this life! Lu Shuangqi said: "Why, did he give up revenge, or did Taizu find out that he sent heavy troops to arrest him?" Tang Yi shook his head, pondered for a moment and said, "None of them!" Lu Shuangqi said: "Why is that?" Tang Yi said: "No matter how powerful a person is, there will be a day of death, this day God is fair to everyone, whether you are a prince and general, or a flat-headed commoner, when this day comes, no one can escape!" Lu Shuang was shocked: "What? Taizu is dead, how is this possible? Tang Yi said: "Nothing is impossible? Taizu is indeed dead, and it has been dead for nearly five years, and the young man Li Rulong saw in the palace that night was none other than the famous Emperor of the Saint Shangwen! Lu Shuang was surprised: "How is this possible?" As the lord of Chengru said just now, then Taizu sent that Li Rulong to go to the cold land of the North Pole should also be when the Great Tomorrow has just been established, it was Taizu's upright prime, he lived for more than seventy years before he died, and how could Li Rulong see Emperor Wen? Tang Yi said: "Some things are unimaginable, back then, Li Rulong hid in a remote place with hatred, thinking day and night about practicing martial arts and revenge, and unknowingly spent more than thirty-five years in that remote place!" Lu Shuang said: "Thirty-five years have passed? That's incredible, isn't it? I nodded on the tree and said, "No wonder that Li Rulong sneaked into the palace and saw Emperor Wen Zhu Di, it turned out that after the death of Taizu, Emperor Hui Zhu Yunwen was the emperor and was Emperor Jianwen." When Zhu Yunwen was the emperor's grandson, he was dissatisfied with the vassal kings, and discussed with his companion Huang Zicheng about the countermeasures to reduce the feudal domain. After the throne, he adopted the suggestions of the ministers Qi Tai and Huang Zicheng, and decided to cut the titles of a few weaker princes first, and then attack Zhu Di, the most powerful Yan king, and ordered the princes not to control the civil and military generals. As a result, the contradictions within the imperial family quickly intensified. Emperor Jianwen ordered his generals to monitor Zhu Di and took the opportunity to arrest him. When Zhu Di got the news, he immediately booby-trapped the generals who came to carry out the monitoring and arrest mission, and raised troops to rebel against the imperial court in July of the first year of Jianwen. launched the 'Battle of Jingnan', which shocked the government and the opposition, and the four-year-old 'Battle of Jingnan' helped Zhu Di ascend to the throne of the Ming Dynasty, so Li Rulong saw a person in the palace that night who he didn't know! ”