I am very glad that a few chapters and a testimonial have attracted some thoughts and discussions from readers.

But I do have some objections. I originally wanted to post it in the reply, but when I wrote it by hand, it was actually six or seven thousand words long, so I simply updated it in the article.

Personally, I don't agree with some of your comments in the article replies.

You said. "Sacrifice is touching, but it is worthless if it does not bring a corresponding result."

I think differently about this. Sacrifice is touching, but not every sacrifice will be successful and will achieve the goal.

Seeing someone robbing in the street, he stepped forward to stop the bandits, and was stabbed to death. And the bandits fled with what they had looted. So, is it true that when you encounter this situation, first count seven or eight times in your heart, how many people are on the other side, how many people do I have, whether the other party is tall or not, whether he has a knife in his hand, do I have the ability to stop him? What percentage of the success rate is, and if it is less than 80 percent, I don't get out of the way?

Of course, most people will calculate, but a real heroic person will not have the kung fu to calculate such a thing. By the time you figure it out, the bandits have already succeeded and slipped away.

Not long ago, I saw a report that a multimillionaire was stabbed to death in order to save a stranger who was robbed on the side of the road. He stood up and single-handedly fought against several bandits.

Before that, he would have thought to himself, will my sacrifice be successful? If my sacrifice doesn't serve the purpose, then I won't do it?

What is Hero Hepatobiliary? Where righteousness lies, regardless of interests and disadvantages, regardless of success or failure, what should be done must be done.

Such a person is a hero, and such a person is worthy of admiration.

You say, "There has never been a savior in the world, and the earth will rotate the same without it." And justice and axioms are not the way of heaven, right and wrong are never easy to distinguish, do some things really need to be insisted on? ”

I do not intend to write the heroes and righteous men of ancient times, loyal ministers and martyrs as perfect saviors in the article. Of course, they are not saviors, without them the development of history. One more soldier who died on the battlefield, one more general, who swore to die without retreating, one more courtier, who advocated righteousness, and one more chivalrous man who rose up when he saw injustice, could not change the course of historical development.

However, there are some things that should really be adhered to.

Why did Wen Tianxiang know that he couldn't do anything, but still had to resist the Mongolian people.

It is not a mistake to judge progress and retreat by success or failure, and it is not a sin to decide whether to persist with immediate interests, however, it is precisely because some people, even if they lose everything, they must persevere to the end, and some people, even if they die and their families are ruined, they are heroes.

Therefore, for thousands of years, I respect, remember, feel, and admire it.

You say, "Knowing that the result will not change, you still persevere, not for the benefit of the people, but for your own dignity and integrity." Admittedly respectable, but not admirable."

In the afterword of the article, I clearly expressed that I am personally very opposed, modern people are in a comfortable and happy life, carelessly pointing fingers at the loyal ministers and righteous people after the blood and tears in the history books, and after they have given their lives, careers, and everything, I will guess whether their motives are pure or not.

Moreover, is there a conflict between the dignity of the individual and the benefit of all peoples?

Will a person who does not even have dignity and integrity care for all peoples?

However, here, let's take 10,000 steps back and admit that those heroes and righteous men are not for the benefit of the people, but for their own dignity and integrity?

Isn't a person worthy of admiration if he has dignity and integrity? At a time when the whole people are bowing their heads and bowing down to the obedience of those who have been appointed to the throne, and do not say a word about tyranny, a man with dignity and dignity dares to stand up and shout, 'No', is this not worthy of our respect?

A person without dignity and integrity, is he still worthy of our respect and praise?

Again, if we take another 10,000 steps back, they may not even be dignified and upright, in order to leave a good name for the ages, to leave a good story for the world, for the sake of personal fame, or for this and that, all kinds of reasons, not necessarily noble, not necessarily great.

However, remember, no matter what they did it for, they did it anyway, and they paid for it after all.

And too many people who can only point fingers and say this and that are strange will not do it.

Chinese always say that there is a heart to do good, although good is not rewarded, there is no intention to do evil, although evil is not punished, this concept is really strange.

No matter how pure your heart is, what's the point if you don't do anything?

To do good is to stretch out your hands, to export your blood, to donate money, to bring down the bad guys, to lift up the weak, and to do things in a real way.

As long as you do these things, as long as you do help people, you are a good person to be admired.

As for your motives for doing this, is it really necessary for us to go into detail?

Those heroes and righteous people, they have done it, they have done what they should do with their fame, their lives, their blood and tears, and their careers, and this is the most important thing.

You say, 'Jinjie II, then even if you insist, it's useless, why bother to hit the muzzle'

However, if you don't hit the muzzle, you just follow the words of the traitor and defile the righteous gentleman?

Of course, you can say that if I don't defile him, he will die, and there is not much more than me, but is this conscience acceptable?

Yan Rui refused to do such a despicable thing.

When she was imprisoned, tortured, tortured, and sentenced for refusing to accuse an official of prostitution, people couldn't understand her.

A *** admitted to spending the night with the officials and did no harm to her. That official is neither her lover nor her benefactor, so why should he protect him?

That official did not visit her, did not repay her, and did not show her any expression for her efforts.

However, did Yan Rui do this to protect that official? She's just trying to be worthy of her conscience.

A ** thing that you don't want to do, you can't give up the ethics, do you have to give up on the Wind Festival?

You say, "Jinjie IV." Geng Geng admonished, didn't know how to be flexible, and really didn't seem to really want to do things. It's better to be blocked than to be sparse. Sycophants and tricks can also achieve the goal. For example, if the emperor wants to draft a girl, it is nothing more than a beautiful woman, you can find a few stunning colors that understand some reason, and then you can avoid disturbing the people if you love Mingjun and are not expensive."

First of all, I want to explain that what Jinjie does is actually something that a conscientious and responsible minister will definitely do. Did Wei Zheng strongly advise Li Shimin not to overhaul the palace, and did he stop Tang Taizong from collecting beauties? Even in the face of Mingjun, he would be angry with the monarch because of Geng Geng's outspokenness, if it wasn't for the eldest grandson to intercede for him, maybe Li Shimin was angry that time and really killed him, even if he might regret it later, but he was still dead after all.

Looking at the history books again, whether it is a faint monarch or a Ming monarch, there has never been a shortage of ministers who stood up against the emperor's improper governance. It may not necessarily succeed, and it may lead to death, but it is precisely because of these people with lofty ideals who do not care about their own interests that they adhere to their principles, so in many cases, they can indeed restrain the emperor from acting recklessly. Even if it is a faint king, there have been many absurd decrees that cannot be implemented because of the opposition of the minister.

It's not that I don't know how to be flexible, it's not that I don't understand that Ruimo caters to the will, but there are some things that really require courage to touch the rebellion, and some principles really can't be backed down by half a step.

Later generations may laugh at them for being pedantic, laughing at their uprightness, laughing at them for not understanding power, but they often don't see it, it is really these people who are fearless and insistent one after another, so that the superior has scruples and knows how to converge.

The historian writes the book, the traitor kills the king, the traitor kills the historian, and makes others do history.

Of course, we have to laugh at this historian ridiculously, the history you wrote can't be left at all, what are you doing with giving away your life for nothing?

The second historian, write again, the traitor kills the king, the traitor kills the historian again, and then asks others to make history.

Of course, we have to laugh, this historian, with the previous example, how can he still be so stupid, knowing that the result will not change, but still persevering.

The third historian, who still writes the pen, the traitor kills the king, so far, the traitor sighs in vain, even if he has the right to dump the country, it is difficult to hide the infamy of eternity. The history is like iron, and only these four words have made many faint traitors have some scruples.

What does this kind of heroic righteousness rely on, what does it depend on is the courage and ambition that does not care about interests and disadvantages, does not care about gains and losses, and is not afraid of life and death.

We know that most of the ministers in the Ming Dynasty were killed by the court staff, but as long as the emperor used the court staff to kill the important ministers, he would leave a great reputation, and the courtiers who were beaten would be greatly respected.

Later, the emperors of the Ming Dynasty rarely used the court staff, and even if they did, they only beat minor officials below the fifth grade.

What is this based on, that is, the result of the struggle with their lives by one after another scholars and honest officials, is the Shilin Qingliu, who used their power to limit the power of the monarch.

Looking at the history books again, the emperor wanted to build a garden, for fear of being scolded by the minister, so he had to close his mouth and sigh, the emperor wanted to choose a beautiful woman, for fear of letting the minister nag, so he had to keep silent, the emperor had this and that bad thoughts, but he knew that he would be refuted by the minister's will, so he had to secretly send eunuchs to beg for important ministers, and even bribed officials, there were many ......'

If there is no iron backbone of the officials, will they win this kind of power? If it weren't for the courage and integrity of the officials, would the king be able to make such scruples?

Of course, in such a struggle, many courtiers will not end well, but it is precisely because they can ignore it, not care, and persist one by one, that there will be such a result.

There are many sacrifices that are exactly like this, at first glance, it seems that they have no effect, and they seem to be sacrifices in vain, but they don't know how great the significance of this sacrifice is, how great the impact is on people, and how many people are supported and encouraged to follow and learn.

I remember watching a scene on TV a long time ago where an old man asked a student who had just participated in a parade and was injured. What's the use of you doing this, you may lose your life if you are beaten like this in vain.

The students said with a smile that at least let more ordinary people have been educated, so that more people in power can know the voice of the people, and know that the Chinese still have the backbone and ambition that cannot be defeated.

Doesn't that seem to me significant enough?

They worked hard, they struggled, they fought with their lives, maybe they succeeded, maybe they failed, but history will always remember them, a few years later, maybe there will be another loyal and righteous man, a heroic high-roller, who will defend the country, the people, and the world with his life, and the reason may be that he read the deeds of these ancestors and heroes when he was a teenager, so he also set up an ambition to serve the country and the people, and do not hesitate to live this life.

And a few years later, his story will be recalled countless times in the heart of another hot-blooded young man.

In this way, the significance of these sacrifices is not worth it, and is it not significant?

You say, "Lu Dongli seems to be apolitically averse, and I don't know if he has the ability to play with politics, but it doesn't seem like he can do that." Then the influence he can create is destined to be limited, it is better to be a capable official in a down-to-earth manner and benefit the people. ”

This, well, Lu Dongli's influence is indeed limited, and he is indeed being a capable official in a down-to-earth manner? Was there a time when he didn't do his job?

Later, he was transferred to the Central Committee, which was the personnel arrangement of the top, and it had nothing to do with him, so he entered the Central Committee, of course, he had to work hard to do a good job, hoping that he could put forward suggestions that would be beneficial to the country in the court. Does this have anything to do with whether he is down-to-earth or not?

You say, "Even if you embezzle the money, it's nothing to spend three or five taels to improve your food, but if you really want to be great, you can simply sell all your belongings to subsidize the refugees, and just draw a line between illegal and legal income is actually very hypocritical, and it doesn't make much sense." ”

This, first of all, we can talk about the legal issue, the difference between the use of ill-gotten silver on the people and oneself.

I don't know the law, but I remember reading a very good officialdom novel before, the protagonist is a secretary of the prefectural party committee, he received a lot of gifts, a lot of money, he knows that sooner or later something will happen, but if he returns all the gifts, I am afraid that his official will also be difficult to be, and many people will look at him with strange eyes. So he anonymously continued to donate huge sums of money to charity.

Later, when a major corruption case was investigated, he was implicated, and he was not in a hurry and handed over the list of donations to the investigation team, and basically there was no criminal problem.

But what if he spends the money on himself? I'm afraid it won't be so easy to get out.

On the second point, it is morally appropriate to use ill-gotten silver for personal enjoyment.

There is a world of difference between using the money that is not properly obtained for the people and for himself, if Lu Dongli does this, will anyone really think that he is a clean official?

Secondly, the *** of people is endless, once the door of this *** is opened, who can control a suitable degree?

Today, you spend three or five taels to improve your food, tomorrow you spend thirty or fifty taels to buy some good clothes, later, you spend three or five hundred taels to buy a concubine, and the day after tomorrow you spend three or five thousand taels to buy a big house.

A lot of things, once you start, are hard to stop.

The **** of human beings has never ended.

Therefore, don't do it because the evil is small. This is the most rational statement.

You say, "Lu Dongli has only been taking bribes until now." What if he was forced to choose between helping to cover up crimes such as the robbery of women's women and handing out disaster relief funds? ”

In this regard, it touches on the bottom line of morally permissible transactions. In the following article, there will be specific examples to illustrate Lu Dongxi's attitude.

You say, "People should first live for themselves, and should not pin all their happiness on others, as if they are meaningless without others."

I always feel that only people who love life and pursue happiness can bring happiness to others. If a person suffers more than he is happy, and life is worse than death, and he only sees others without himself, it is really sick. Being in the midst of guilt and pain for a long time will gradually distort. Only by having a peaceful mind and being calm and confident can we do a good job.

In addition, if a person does not value himself, neglects to suppress his own preferences and desires, and always regards others as more important than himself, so that he is completely selfless, then this person is almost ruined. I think that only people who have selfishness and habits are humane and can understand others. Those who are able should try their best to achieve a win-win situation, and it is really unnecessary to suppress themselves and seek nothing but to benefit the people. The people do not necessarily need a person to sacrifice themselves completely, and their happiness is no less inferior than the happiness of any one people. ”

What I want to ask is, who can say that the fictional Lu Dongli in the novel, as well as in the history books, in reality, so many good officials who are conscientious and work for the people are not living for themselves. It is precisely because of the love of life that we want to bring more people a good life.

Don't they value themselves? Are they suppressing their preferences and desires?

Ah, please don't take our preferences and desires for theirs.

What we care about may be a good TV series, a good song, a good house, a good clothes, and a good car. And their preference and desire may be to let the people live and work in peace and contentment, so that everyone can live a happy life.

Are they suppressing themselves? At least I don't feel that my Lu Dongli is suppressing himself.

He is a Confucian student, he has studied since he was a child, learned the words of the sages, he took the right path to the imperial examination, he worked hard to become an official, he took the initiative to ask for an external transfer, and his ambition was to benefit the people.

In ancient times, many Confucian scholars and many officials were like this, what was their happiness?

Isn't it just to use what you have learned, isn't it to use what you have learned in your chest to seek benefits for the people and contribute to the world?

The happiness of the people, the strength of the country, and the peace and contentment of everyone around them, isn't this their happiness?

You say, "I always feel that people who are not capable of achieving great feats only need to do their duty in a down-to-earth manner, and no matter how high their ethics are, they will not play a big role." Like Lu Donglian, since it is impossible to change the world, he might as well be content to be an ordinary official, be as competent as possible, and compromise when he encounters things that cannot be resisted and changed."

Again, as ordinary people, there is nothing wrong with this idea, but heroes are heroes precisely because they are uncompromising.

There are many things, if you don't try, how do you know that you can't change them, even if you only have one percent hope, why don't you try?

And we can have the happy life we have now, how can we not be generations of people with lofty ideals, who are unwilling to compromise, refuse to retreat, regardless of sacrifice, and at any cost.

You say, "The kind of person of high character in the text, I can think of—Jesus Christ; Mahatma Gandhi; Mama Teresa, and so on. Jesus, like that, is truly inemutable. Neither of the latter seems to feel the pain of sacrifice. ”

I still say the same thing, please go and look at the history books, there are many people like them, and there are also many people who have paid more for the country than they have in times of sorrow.

As long as you are willing to calm down and look, you will know that the most ordinary people will also have the most fiery feelings, and the most ordinary people will also have the most boiling blood.

Jesus is not the only one who does great things.

You said that Lu Donglian's approach is to treat the symptoms rather than the root cause.

Of course, he is only a magistrate, and he can't influence the central government's decrees, but even if he can't cure the root cause, he can cure the symptoms, and he must do his best. And if you enter the central government, although your status is not high, you should still look upward, and still look forward to the day when you can cure the root cause.

How can it be as good as it should be, but it is not true that I want to be worthy of my heart?

You say, "If there is a person who likes poetry and elegance, but only has the ability to be a prefectural magistrate." At that time, the world was dark, and there were few good officials in the world. In order to benefit the people, he gave up his hobby, went to work as a county magistrate who was going around all day long, and became extremely worldly, not only could he no longer be elegant, but his lover also fell out with him because of this. He was in great pain and died of depression. He has been an official for many years, and although the people's lives have improved, it is not significant. He's helped a lot of people, but it's not an earth-shattering thing. Such a person seems to be irrefutable. But I still feel unhappy. There is always a way to contribute to society without making yourself so sad, right? ”

First of all, I'm not sure, are you taking Lu Dongli as an example, if you mean Lu Dongli, or that sentence, being an official and benefiting the people in this way is his ideal, and it is also the most ordinary ideal of the Confucian students in his time, so there is no such thing as wronging himself to give up his hobby.

Second, I personally disagree with why loyal and righteous people must fall out with their lovers. Well, I always feel that the early main theme TV series is misleading.

Third, well, let's just think we're talking about a fictional character, he likes poetry, he doesn't like to be an official, and he reluctantly becomes an official for the sake of the people, and he doesn't have much success until he dies. This kind of person doesn't contribute much to society.

Is it?

Let's take a look.

First of all, he is a county official, he has to take care of a county's cases, he is very serious in his work, avoids many unjust cases, and also corrects the unjust cases left by several predecessors, an unjust case is a life, a family's happiness.

Well? Is this a big contribution? Of course, from the macro perspective of the country as a whole, this contribution is insignificant.

The county order has to manage the collection of taxes and urge the department, and it is not uncommon for a bad county order to force the poor people to death in the countryside. A good county order can reasonably do a good job of fortifications, so that the people can live more comfortably and live happily for many years during his tenure, this contribution is insignificant, right? After he leaves, there will be another corrupt official, and the people will have to live a hard life. However, for the people, a few years of happy life is real.

There will always be disasters, floods, droughts, locust plagues, earthquakes, etc., etc., watch TV in which year and month there are not always some natural disasters everywhere.

The county order ran everywhere, and he opened the warehouse to release grain as soon as possible, and mobilized disaster relief funds as soon as possible. He distributed the medicine as soon as possible, carefully settled all the victims, and saved hundreds or even thousands of people from hunger and cold, and saved their lives. These can be done as long as they are dutiful and responsible, and they do not require any great talent.

So, does this make a big contribution?

From a macro point of view, it can only be said that this is just a duty of hard work, and it is not of great help to the national economy and people's livelihood.

Are there any other examples that you would like to list?

After a person has done so many things, do we just have to say that he has helped many people and has not done anything earth-shattering, of course, this kind of person cannot be refuted???

Khan, while reading the original post, while writing his thoughts, unconsciously, has written more than 6,000 words, indeed a little dizzy, hands are weak, or stop it.

In the end, the original topic was actually about discussing the heroes of loyal ministers and righteous soldiers, because Mansong quoted Lu Donglian's content, and unconsciously led to Lu Donglian.

At this end, let's go back to what we think of heroes.

What is Chivalry?

I think that those who know that they cannot do what they should do will do it even if they die.

This is chivalry, that is, heroes, heroes, ancient people with lofty ideals, famous ministers and brave generals, and there are many such prides.

Today's people no longer have such aspirations, but please don't accuse the ancients who had such feelings of stupidity and stubbornness, and don't arbitrarily point out whether their behavior is proper and correct.

They are not perfect, but they are admirable, and what they do may not be the best choice, but that is what I have read for thousands of years, and I will be moved by it, fascinated by it, sighed for it, and lamented it.