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Niu Gensheng sleepwalked to Suzhou and Hangzhou, which is more beautiful than heaven and earth, and the world is too big, so I just look at Suzhou and Hangzhou! The scenery here is more suitable for human habitation than the richest places in the world of Dubai and Switzerland:

Suzhou has found many ancient cultural sites, especially the Liangzhu culture in the late Neolithic Age is the most abundant, the famous Zhaoling Mountain Ruins, Shaoqing Mountain Ruins, Xuandun Ruins, Straw Shoes Mountain Ruins, Luodun Ruins, etc., among which the Zhaoling Mountain Ruins were listed as one of the top ten archaeological sites in the country in 1992.

At the end of the Shang Dynasty, Taibo and Zhongyong, the sons of Gu Gong, the leader of the Zhou clan surnamed Ji in northwest China, abdicated the throne and gave way to Xian, and traveled thousands of miles south from Zhou Yuan under Qishan Mountain to Meili on the south bank of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and combined with local residents to establish the "country of Gou Wu". In the middle of the 11th century B.C., Zhou destroyed the Shang and implemented the feudal system. King Wu of Zhou found Zhou Zhang, the fifth grandson of Taibo and Zhongyong, who had been the monarch in Wu Land, and named him as a candidate. "Gouwu" then became a vassal state and was officially included in the territory of the Western Zhou Dynasty. In the first year of King Jian of Zhou (585 BC), Shou Meng succeeded to the throne as king, and Wu Guo had an exact date. From Shoumeng, Wu became more and more powerful, and began to communicate with the countries of the Central Plains, ranking among the ranks of great powers competing for hegemony. In the 12th year of King Ling of Zhou (560 B.C.), the throne of Wu passed to the twentieth Sun Zhufan, and the capital moved south to the site of Suzhou City. In the 6th year of King Jing of Zhou (514 B.C.), Lu succeeded to the throne, and ordered the minister Wu Zixu to expand the city on the basis of the city built by Zhufan, with a circumference of 47 miles and 210 steps and 2 feet (about 23.9 kilometers in today's system), and the name was Lu City. In the 3rd year of King Yuan of Zhou (473 BC), the Yue Kingdom destroyed Wu, and the Wu land was owned by the Yue Kingdom. In the 35th year of King Xian (334 B.C.), Chu destroyed Yue, and the land of Wu and Yue belonged to Chu. In the first year of King Chu Kaolie (262 BC), Chu Xiangchun Shenjun Huang Xie was sealed in Jiangdong, and Wu Di became the fief of Chun Shenjun.

At the end of the Warring States period, the Qin State implemented the county system in its jurisdiction. In the 24th year of King Qin (223 B.C.), Qin captured Wang Jian and built Chu County with the land of Chu north of the Yangtze River. In the following year, Wang Jian successively conquered the land south of the Yangtze River in the state of Chu, and then divided Chu County into Jiujiang County, Yan County, and Huiji County. In 26 years (221 B.C.), Qin unified China, officially implemented the county system in the country, divided the world into 36 counties, Wu belongs to Huiji County, the county is in the former capital of Wu (that is, the site of Suzhou City), and Wu County is set up in the seat of the county, which is the capital of the 26 counties under its jurisdiction, and the name of Wu County has begun. In the first year of Qin II (209 BC), Xiang Liang and Xiang Yu raised troops against Qin in Wu County. After the death of Qin, Xiang Yu established himself as the overlord of Western Chu in the struggle between Chu and Han, leading nine counties such as Liang and Chu, and Huiji County also belonged to Chu.

In the 5th year of Gaozu of the Han Dynasty (202 BC), Liu Bang defeated Xiang Yu, and the Han Dynasty would take the infant to win the river and break through Wu County. In the same year, Liu Bang named Han Xin as the king of Chu, and Huiji and other counties belonged to the fief of the king of Chu. In the following year, Liu Bang descended to Han Xin as Huaiyin Hou, divided his fief in the east of Huiji and other three counties and 52 cities to rebuild Jing State, and took his brother Liu Jia as the king of Jing, and comprehended Ji County and Wu. In the 11th year (196 BC), Yingbu rebelled against the Han, killed Liu Jia, and occupied the fiefdom of Jing. In the following year, Liu Bang quelled Yingbu's rebellion, abolished Jing and reverted to Huiji County. In the same year, Liu Bi was named the king of Wu, and Huiji County belonged to the fief of Wu. In the 9th year of Emperor Wen (171 B.C.), the county was merged into Huiji County, and the county was once moved from Wu County to Yan County (between Anji County and Changxing County, Zhejiang), and Wu County was restored 7 years later. In the 3rd year of Emperor Jing (154 B.C.), Liu Bi plotted to rebel and ambush him, abolished the state of Wu, and restored it to Huiji County, leading the county to twenty-four, and Wu County was still the capital.

Ming Dynasty Zhang Hong's "West Mountain Refreshing Map" part

In the 5th year of Yuanfeng (106 BC), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty divided the country into thirteen states in order to strengthen his control over the locality, and each state set up a person to assassinate him. Huiji County belongs to the history of Yangzhou Thorn. At this time, the state was not yet a formal administrative region. In 9 AD, Wang Mang usurped the Han Dynasty and established a new dynasty and changed Wu County to Taide County. After the fall of Wang Mang's new dynasty, Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty changed Taide County to Wu County in the first year of Jianwu (25 AD). Emperor Shun of the Han Dynasty was inconvenient to manage due to the vast territory of Huiji County, so in the fourth year of Yongjian (129 AD), Wu County was placed in the northeast of the county, and the southwest was still Huiji County. The new Wu County led the thirteenth county, Wu County was the capital, and the county was governed in Wu County, while the Huiji County was moved to Shanyin (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang).

At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the warlords fought in a scuffle, and in the 2nd year of Xingping (195 AD), Sun Cebu captured Wu County by Zhu Zhi, and entered the city to lead the Tai Shou, and since then Wu has been under the Sun Wu regime of the Three Kingdoms. The county is fifteen, and Wu County is the capital. In the first year of Sun Haobaoding (266 AD), five counties such as Yangxian and Yuhang and several counties of Danyang County were divided from Wu County and placed Wuxing County (now Huzhou, Zhejiang).

During the Western Jin Dynasty, Wu County, Danyang County, and Wuxing County were known as the "Three Wus". [14] In the first year of Taikang (280 AD), Jin destroyed Wu to unify the whole country, divided the world into 19 states, and Wu County belonged to the history of Yangzhou Thorn. In four years (283 AD), it was divided into Yu Township of Wu County and placed in Haiyu County (now Changshu area). In the first year of Xianhe of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (326 AD), Emperor Cheng of Jin named his younger brother Sima Yue as the king of Wu and changed it to Wu County

Ming Dynasty Gusu Mountain landscape painting

For the state of Wu, the history of the interior is too guarded. Later, although Sima Yue migrated to the king of Langya, the name of Wu continued until the end of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.

In the 2nd year of Emperor Wu of Liu Song in the Southern Dynasty (421 AD), the name of Wu was abolished and renamed Wu County. The Southern Dynasty had a wide range of Qiaozhou Qiao County in the south, and in the 7th year of Emperor Xiaowu of the Song Dynasty (463 AD), Wu County belonged to Qiaozhou in the south. The following year, it was still affiliated with Yangzhou. In the 6th year of Xiao Liang Tianjian (507 AD), Wu County was located in Xinyi County. During the Datong period (535-545 AD), Kunshan County was placed, and Xinyi County was subordinated to Xinyi County, and Haiyu County was changed to Changshu County in the 6th year of Datong (540 AD), and Kunshan and Changshu counties were named after them. In the 3rd year of the Taiqing Dynasty (549 AD), Hou Jingzuo captured the county seat and changed Wu County to Wuzhou. It was restored the following year. In the 2nd year of Emperor Chen Wu's reign (558 AD), he cut off Haiyan, Yanguan, and Qianjing County to Haining County, and later cut Qiantang, Fuyang, and Xincheng counties to Qiantang County, and cut Jiande, Shouchang, Tonglu and other counties to belong to Xin'an County. The jurisdiction of Wu County has decreased sharply, and only four counties of Wu, Kunshan, Changshu and Jiaxing are led. In the first year of Zhenming Dynasty (587 AD), Wuzhou was added to Yangzhou, and Wu County, Qiantang County, which originally belonged to Yangzhou, was reassigned to Wuzhou, so Wuzhou, Wu County, and Wu County were stationed in the same city.

After the establishment of the Sui Dynasty, the three-level system of state, county, and county was changed to two levels of state and county. In the 9th year of Kaihuang (589 AD), after the destruction of Chen, Wu County was abolished, and because there was Gusu Mountain in the west of the city, Yiwu Prefecture was Suzhou, which was the beginning of Suzhou's name. It has jurisdiction over Wu, Kunshan, Changshu, Wucheng and Changcheng counties (Changxing County). In 11 years (591 A.D.), because of the frequent rebellion and riots, endangering the safety of Sioux City, Yang Su built another city outline between Hengshan (Qizi Mountain) and Yellow Mountain in the southwest of Sioux City, and the state and county governance were moved to Xinkuo, and the place name is still called Xinguo. In the first year of the Great Cause (605 AD), the recovery state was Wuzhou, and in the third year (607 AD), the state and county system was changed to the county system, and Wuzhou was renamed Wu County. [14]

Suzhou Park Jinji Lake

In the 4th year of Tang Wude (621 AD), Wu County was restored to Suzhou. In the 7th year (624 AD), the state and county administration moved out of the Sui Dynasty back to the original site. In the first year of Zhenguan (627 AD), the country was divided into ten provinces, and Suzhou belonged to Jiangnan Province. In the 21st year of Kaiyuan (733 AD), Jiangnan Province was divided into two provinces, Jiangnan East and West, and Suzhou belonged to Jiangnan East Road. In the first year of Tianbao (742 AD), Suzhou was changed to Wu County, and in the first year of Qianyuan (758 AD), it was renamed Suzhou, and it was changed to Zhejiang West Road, and the Jiedu Embassy was also stationed in Suzhou City. In the 13th year of the Great Calendar (778 AD), Suzhou was promoted to the only Xiongzhou in the Jiangnan region. In the first year of Guanghua (898 AD), Suzhou became the territory of Wu Yue Kingdom and was renamed Zhongwu Mansion. In the 3rd year of Kaiping in the Later Liang Dynasty (909 AD), Qian Biao, the king of Wuyue, divided the southern part of Wu County and placed Wujiang County, and Wujiang County was established since then. In the 2nd year of Tongguang in the Later Tang Dynasty (924 AD), Qian Biao asked for the promotion of the Zhongwu Mansion to the Zhongwu Army, set up a festival to envoys, and led Chang, Run and other states, until the beginning of the Song Dynasty, there was no change. In the same year, Qian Biao set up Kaiyuan Mansion in Jiaxing, and Jiaxing was separated from Suzhou and led Jiaxing, Haiyan, and Huating 3 counties.

In the 8th year of Song Taizu Kaibao (975 AD), Qian Hongyu, the king of Wuyue, changed the Wu army to the Pingjiang army, which was subordinate to Jiangnan Province. In the 3rd year of Taiping Xingguo (978 AD), Wu Yue returned to the Song Dynasty, restored the construction of Suzhou, and transferred it to the two Zhejiang Road transfer envoys. In the 3rd year of Zhenghe (1113 AD), Suzhou was promoted to Pingjiang Mansion, which belonged to Zhejiang West Road, Jiangnan Road, so Suzhou was called Pingjiang again. In the 5th year of Xuanhe (1123 AD), the West Zhejiang Lifting Division was placed, and in the 4th year of Jianyan (1130 AD), the West Zhejiang Tidian Prison Division was placed, and the administrative offices were all in Pingjiang City.

The Yuan Dynasty began to implement the provincial system. In the 12th year of the Yuan Dynasty (1275 AD), Jianghuai Province was set up, and the military and civilian Xuanfu Division of Zhejiang West Road was placed, and the following year it was changed to Pingjiang Road, which belonged to Jianghuai Province. In 18 years (1281 AD), Pingjiang Road was promoted to the governor's office of Daru Huachi (the meaning of the Mongolian chief). In the 28th year of the Yuan Dynasty (1291), the river was divided, and Jiangsu and Zhejiang were set up in the south of the Yangtze River, and Suzhou belonged to it. In the first year of Yuanzhen (1295), the four counties of Kunshan, Changshu, Wujiang and Jiading were promoted to states. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty to the 16th year (1356 AD), Zhang Shicheng entered Pingjiang, established the Great Zhou regime, and was once renamed Longping Mansion, and the following year Zhang Shicheng accepted the canonization of the Yuan Dynasty and changed it to Pingjiang Road.

In the first year of Wu Taizu of the Ming Dynasty (1367 AD), Pingjiang Road was changed to Suzhou Mansion, and it was subordinate to the Ershu Province in the south of the Yangtze River. In the 19th year of Yongle (1421 AD), the capital was moved to Beijing, and Nanjing became the accompanying capital, with Jiangnan as the southern Zhili Province and Suzhou Prefecture as its subordinate. [14]

Suzhou urban construction

Suzhou city construction (30 photos)

After the Qing Dynasty, it was changed to Jiangnan Province, and the left and right political envoys were placed. Suzhou is still called the government, the county remains unchanged, and it is subordinate to the right political envoy. In the 18th year of Shunzhi (1661 AD), the right political envoy was moved from Jiangning to Suzhou. In the 2nd year of Yongzheng (1724 AD), Taicang Prefecture was promoted to Zhili Prefecture. In 3 years (1725 AD), Jiangnan Province was divided into Anhui and Jiangsu provinces, so the governor of Jiangsu, the political envoy of Jiangsu, the governor of Suzhou and the governor, Yuan and Wu counties were stationed in Suzhou in one city. In the 10th year of Xianfeng (1860 AD), Li Xiucheng of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom entered Suzhou, took Suzhou as the provincial capital, established Sufu Province, and implemented the three-level system of province, county and county. In the 2nd year of Tongzhi (1863 AD), the Qing army captured Suzhou and restored its construction. In the 32nd year of Guangxu (1906), Jinghu Hall was placed on the west mountain of Taihu Lake, which was subordinate to Suzhou Mansion.

On October 10, the 3rd year of Xuantong of the Qing Dynasty (1911) (the Gregorian calendar, the same below), the Xinhai Revolution broke out. On November 5, Suzhou declared independence, and Cheng Dequan, the former governor of Jiangsu, proclaimed himself the governor of the Soviet army and set up the governor's office in Suzhou. On December 3, the Governor of the Soviet Army was changed to the Governor of Jiangsu, and the military-civilian governance was implemented, which was called the Jiangsu Governor's Mansion of the Military Government of the Republic of China, and the government was located in Suzhou. [14]

Suzhou Changmen

In January of the first year of the Republic of China (1912), Suzhou Mansion was abolished, and Changzhou, Yuanhe and Taihu and Jinghu were merged into Wu County, and Zhenze County was merged into Wujiang County, Zhaowen County was merged into Changshu County, and Xinyang County was merged into Kunshan County. Since then, the name of the place is Suzhou, and the construction is called Wu County. In the 3rd year of the Republic of China (1914), the province, province and county official system were implemented, divided into a province and several provinces, and Su Changdao was set up in Su and Chang places, and Suzhou was governed and Wu County belonged to it. In April of the 16th year of the Republic of China (1927), the national government built the capital of Nanjing, and the capital of Jiangsu Province was moved to Zhenjiang. In June of the same year, the Suzhou Municipal Preparatory Office was established. In November of the following year, the county and city were divided, and Suzhou City was formally established on the basis of the Suzhou Municipal Preparatory Office. In May of the 19th year of the Republic of China (1930), the Jiangsu Provincial Government revoked the city-level establishment of Suzhou and merged it into Wu County on the grounds of austerity. In the 22nd year of the Republic of China (1933), the administrative inspector commissioner's office was set up in Jiangsu Province, as the provincial agency, Wu County belonged to the third district, and the district office was located in Suzhou. In December of the same year, the third district was renamed Wuxi District, and the district office was located in Wuxi. In the 25th year of the Republic of China (1936), Wuxi District was renamed the second district and was still under Wu County. In the 26th year of the Republic of China (1937), Japan launched a war of aggression against China, and on November 19, Suzhou fell. In May of the following year, the Japanese puppet Jiangsu Provincial Government was established in Suzhou, with jurisdiction over 16 fallen county towns in southern Jiangsu, to which Wu County belonged. In the 29th year of the Republic of China (1940), the Communist Party of China established an anti-Japanese democratic regime in the East Jiangsu Road area, and divided the East Road area into three levels and six administrative regions, all of which were subordinate to the Office of the Inspector of the First Administrative Region of Southern Jiangsu. In September, the Suzhou County People's Anti-Japanese Self-Defense Association was established in Dongtang City, Changshu. In February of the following year, the Suzhou County Government was established, and the Suzhou County People's Self-Defense Association was abolished. Due to the brutal purge of the countryside by the Japanese puppets, the democratic regimes were abolished one after another. In July of the 34th year of the Republic of China (1945), on the basis of the administrative offices of the two northern Jiangsu provinces, the anti-Japanese democratic regime in Wu County was restored. In August of the 34th year of the Republic of China (1945), the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression was won, the puppet Jiangsu Province disappeared, and the Nationalist Government returned the capital to Nanjing. Suzhou is still called Wu County and belongs to the Jiangnan Administration of Jiangsu Province. Later, the Jiangnan Administration was abolished, and it was subordinated to the Office of the Inspector of the Second Administrative Region until liberation. [14]

On April 27, 1949, after the liberation of Suzhou, there were 13 town people's governments, and in September of the same year, five district offices were re-established, including the eastern, southern, western, northern, and central districts, and in May 1950, the district offices were abolished and taken over by the public security department. At the beginning of November 1951, with the approval of the People's Administrative Office of Southern Jiangsu, the municipal government decided to establish five districts according to the jurisdiction of the original district office: eastern, southern, western, northern and central.

On January 1, 1953, the Jiangsu Provincial People's Government was established: (1) Suzhou City is a provincial municipality. (2) Set up a special area in Suzhou. Suzhou Prefecture has jurisdiction over Changshu City and Changshu, Wuxian, Wujiang, Taicang, Kunshan, Wuxi, Yixing, Jiangyin, Taihu Office (equivalent to the county) 1 city, 8 counties and 1 place, and the special office is located in Suzhou City. (3) Set up Songjiang Special Zone. Songjiang Prefecture has jurisdiction over 10 counties of Nanhui, Fengxian, Jinshan, Qingpu, Jiading, Chuansha, Songjiang, Baoshan, Shengsi and Shanghai, and is located in Songjiang. In the same year, the Taihu Office was changed to Zhenze County, and Suzhou Prefecture governed 1 city and 9 counties. On June 26 of the same year, Shengsi County was assigned to the leadership of Zhejiang Province. In 1954, Changshu City was changed to a provincial municipality and was still under the supervision of the Suzhou Special Administration. In 1956, Yixing County was assigned to Zhenjiang Prefecture, and Wujin County, which originally governed Zhenjiang Prefecture, was included in Suzhou Prefecture, with 9 counties.

On August 25, 1958, Suzhou City, which was originally directly under the jurisdiction of the province, was transferred to the leadership of Suzhou Prefecture, and Changshu City was abolished and merged into Changshu County. Wuxi County is assigned to the leadership of Wuxi City, and Wujin County is assigned to Changzhou Prefecture. On April 8, the Songjiang Prefecture was revoked, and the six counties of Songjiang, Chuansha, Nanhui, Fengxian, Jinshan and Qingpu were included in the Suzhou Prefecture. On April 12, the three counties of Jiading, Baoshan and Shanghai, which were formerly under the jurisdiction of Songjiang Prefecture in Jiangsu Province, were placed under the jurisdiction of Shanghai. On November 21, the six counties of Chuansha, Qingpu, Nanhui, Songjiang, Fengxian and Jinshan were placed under the jurisdiction of Shanghai. Suzhou Prefecture has jurisdiction over 1 city and 7 counties.

Overlooking the ancient city of Suzhou

In 1960, Zhenze County was abolished and merged into Wu County. In 1961, Shazhou County (in Yangshe Town) was established. In 1962, Suzhou City was changed to a provincial municipality, and Wuxi County, which was originally led by Wuxi City, was included in Suzhou Prefecture with jurisdiction over 8 counties. In 1983, the city and county system was implemented, and Changshu, Taicang, Kunshan, Wuxian, Wujiang, and Shazhou counties in Suzhou were assigned to the Hangzhou Turtle Cave site, and the discovery of ancient human fossils confirmed that ancient humans lived in Hangzhou 50,000 years ago, [11] The excavation of the Xiaoshan Cross-Lake Bridge site confirmed that there were modern humans living here as early as 8,000 years ago, and the Yuhang Liangzhu culture 5,000 years ago was known as the "dawn of civilization". Hangzhou Xia Shang Zhou belongs to the "domain of Yangzhou". Legend has it that Xia Yu controls the water

Qianjiang New Town

At that time, the country was divided into Kyushu, and the vast area south of the Yangtze River was generally called Yangzhou. In the 21st century B.C., Xia Yu toured the south, the princes of the General Assembly were in Huiji (now Shaoxing), they sailed through here by boat, and gave up their Hangzhou ("Hang" is the ark) here, so it was called "Yuhang". One said, Yu to build a boat to cross, the Yue people called this place "Yu Hang", and then, word of mouth, false "Yu" for "Yu", is the name "Yu Hang". In the Spring and Autumn Period, Wu and Yue fought for hegemony, Hangzhou first belonged to Yue, then to Wu, and after the destruction of Wu, it belonged to Yue. During the Warring States Period, Chu destroyed the Yue Kingdom, and Hangzhou was included in Chu.

After Qin unified the six countries, he set up a county at the foot of Lingyin Mountain, called Qiantang, and belonged to Huiji County. It is recorded in the "Historical Records of the First Emperor of Qin": "In October of the thirty-seventh year, the first emperor traveled...... Over Danyang, to Qiantang, Linzhejiang, water waves and evil ......" This is the earliest record of the name of "Qiantang" in historical books. At that time, it was still a beach infested by the river tide, and the West Lake had not yet been formed.

The Western Han Dynasty inherited the Qin system, and Hangzhou was still called Qiantang. In the Xinmang period, it was once changed to Quanting County, and when it arrived in the Eastern Han Dynasty, it was relocated to Qiantang County, which belonged to Wu County. At this time, Hangzhou's farmland water conservancy construction began to take shape, and the first sea pond was built from Baobao Mountain to Wansongling, and the West Lake began to be cut off from the sea and became an inner lake. [12] The Geographical Chronicles of the Han Book recorded: Qian Tang, the western capital of Weizhi. Wulin Mountain, Wulin Water Out, East into the Sea, Eight Hundred and Thirty Miles, Mang Said Spring Pavilion. ...

The Three Kingdoms, the Two Jin Dynasty, and Hangzhou belong to Wu County and belong to ancient Yangzhou. In the first year of Xianhe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (326), the Indian Buddhist Huili built the Lingyin Temple under the Feilai Peak, which is the oldest jungle building in the West Lake. In the third year of Liang Taiqing (549), Hou Jingsheng Qiantang County was Linjiang County. In the first year of Chen Zhenming (587), Qiantang County was placed again, and Qiantang, Yuqian, Fuyang, Xincheng and Tonglu were under the jurisdiction of Wuzhou.

After the establishment of the Sui Dynasty, in the ninth year of Kaihuang (589), the county was abolished as a state, and the name "Hangzhou" appeared for the first time. And Tonglu into Qiantang County, under the jurisdiction of Qiantang, Yuhang, Fuyang, Yanguan, Yuqian, Wukang six counties. At the beginning of the state rule, it was in Yuhang, and the following year it moved to Qiantang. In the eleventh year of the emperor's reign, the city was built on the Phoenix Mountain, "16 miles and 90 steps on Wednesday", which was the earliest Hangzhou city. In the third year of Daye (607), it was renamed Yuhang County. In six years, Yang Su dug the Jiangnan Canal, starting from Zhenjiang in Jiangsu, through Suzhou, Jiaxing and other places to Hangzhou, with a total length of more than 400 kilometers, since then, Gongchen Bridge has become the starting and ending point of the Grand Canal. Hangzhou leaped to "the throat of Wuyue, the strength of the river and the sea", and established its status as a transportation hub in the entire lower reaches of the Qiantang River. "Water leads to Hui suit, land controls the mountains". [15] This important geographical location has promoted the rapid economic and cultural development of Hangzhou. At this time, there were 15,380 households in Yuhang County, and the statistics of Hangzhou households began.

Qianjiang New Town

In the Tang Dynasty, Hangzhou County was placed, Yuhang County was rotated, and the seat of governance was in Qiantang. Due to the avoidance of the country, in the fourth year of Wude (621), "Qiantang" was changed to "Qiantang". Taizong belonged to Jiangnan Province, and in the first year of Tianbao (742), it was renamed Yuhang County, which belonged to Jiangnan East Province. In the first year of Qianyuan (758), it was changed to Hangzhou again, and it was returned to the west of Zhejiang, and the state was once in Qiantang, and it governed eight counties of Qiantang, Yanguan, Fuyang, Xincheng, Yuhang, Lin'an, Yuqian and Tangshan. [12] By the late Tang Dynasty, Hangzhou was already a thriving scene of "20 miles of stretches and 30,000 rooms". Every year, the imperial court collects as much as 500,000 yuan in commercial taxes from Hangzhou, accounting for almost 4% of the country's fiscal revenue. In the eighth year of Yuanhe (812), the central government appointed Lu Yuanfu as the assassin of Hangzhou, and the praise of "Jiangnan Liejun, Yuhang is great" has already appeared. [16]

During the period of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, Wu Yue was located in the southeast and built its capital in Hangzhou. At that time, Hangzhou was governed in Qiantang and governed ten counties of Qiantang, Qianjiang, Yanguan, Yuhang, Fuchun, Tonglu, Yuqian, Xindeng, Hengshan and Wukang. Under the 85-year reign of the three generations of Wu Yue and the five emperors, Hangzhou has developed into a place of economic prosperity and cultural convergence of the whole country through the hard work of the working people. Ouyang Xiu has this description in "The Legend of Youmeitang": "Since the fifth generation of Qiantang, it has not bothered to fight, and its people are happy, rich and happy. More than 100,000 families, surrounded by lakes and mountains, left and right reflection belts, and Fujian merchants, sails and waves, in and out of the smoke and mist, can be described as prosperous! "Wu Yue King Qian Biao built a "sub-city" in Hangzhou Phoenix Mountain, built a palace inside, as a national rule, and built a "Luo City" on the periphery, 70 miles around, as a defense. According to the record of "Wu Yue Beishi", this capital city starts from Qinwang Mountain in the west, along the Qiantang River to Jianggan, near Qiantang Lake (West Lake) to Baobao Mountain, and northeast to Genshan Gate. It resembles a waist drum, so it is also known as "waist drum city".

King Wuyue attached great importance to the construction of water conservancy, and led the water from the West Lake into the canal in the city;

Beautiful view of Hangzhou

Along the Qiantang River, the "stone hoarding and wooden pile method" was adopted to build more than 100 miles of revetment and sea ponds; along the Qiantang River, two sluices were built in Longshan and Zhejiang to prevent the backflow of salty water, alleviate tidal problems, and expand the flat land. Migrant workers were mobilized to dig the rocky beach in the river, so that the navigation channel was unblocked, and the water traffic with various coastal areas was promoted.

During the Northern Song Dynasty, Hangzhou was governed by two Zhejiang roads. In the fifth year of Chunhua (994), the military number was changed to Ning Navy Jiedu. In the first year of Daguan (1107), it was promoted to the marshal's mansion, and governed nine counties of Qiantang, Renhe, Yuhang, Lin'an, Yuqian, Changhua, Fuyang, Xindeng and Yanguan. At that time, the population had reached more than 200,000 households, making it one of the most populous prefectures and counties in the south of the Yangtze River. The economy is prosperous, the textile, printing, winemaking, and paper industries are relatively developed, and foreign trade is further developed, and it is one of the four major commercial ports in the country. Hangzhou has served as a magistrate and attaches great importance to the renovation of the West Lake. In the fourth year of Yuanyou (1089), the famous poet Su Dongpo served as the governor of Hangzhou, dredged the West Lake again, and used the mud dug up to pile up the long causeway (Su Causeway) across the north and south, there were six bridges, and the embankment was planted with peaches, willows, hibiscus, so that the West Lake was more beautified. Maoshan and Yanqiao two rivers were opened again, and then six wells were dredged, so that the brine did not enter the market, and the people drank it conveniently. [12] According to the History of the Song Dynasty, vol. 88 of the Geographical Chronicles, the number of households in the Chongning period of the Northern Song Dynasty (1101-1106) was roughly equal to that in the Yuanfeng period, with 203574 households and 296615 households. Song Renzong has a poem to give Mei Zhizhi to Hangzhou, and praise Hangzhou as the first state in the southeast.

It can be seen that before the Southern Song Dynasty established the capital, Hangzhou was the most populous state city in the south of the Yangtze River.

After more than 150 years of development in the Northern Song Dynasty,

Photos of Hangzhou's urban construction

Hangzhou urban construction photos (10 photos)

By the time of the Southern Song Dynasty, Hangzhou's heyday began. In the third year of Jianyan in the Southern Song Dynasty (1129), it was promoted to Lin'an Mansion and governed in Qiantang. It has jurisdiction over nine counties, including Qiantang, Renhe, Lin'an, Yuhang, Yuqian, Changhua, Fuyang, Xincheng and Yangong, and the area is roughly equivalent to that of the Tang Dynasty. In the eighth year of Shaoxing (1138), the capital was set here, and the city wall of Hangzhou was greatly expanded, and it was divided into an inner city and an outer city at that time. The inner city, that is, the imperial city, is nine miles in radius, surrounds the Phoenix Mountain, starts from the Fengshan Gate in the north, reaches the Jianggan in the south, reaches Wansongling in the west, arrives at the tide gate in the east, in the imperial city, builds the palace, the hall, the building, the pavilion, and there are many palaces and imperial gardens. The outer city crosses Wu Mountain in the south, intercepts the Wulin Gate in the north, connects the West Lake on the right, and leans on the Qiantang River on the left, which is magnificent. There are 13 gates, and there is a moat outside the city. As many people from the north moved south with the imperial court, the population of Lin'an Province surged. By the time of Xianchun (1265~1274), the number of residents increased to more than 1.24 million (including the county to which it belongs). As far as Qiantang and Renhe counties are concerned, where Hangzhou is located, the population also reaches more than 430,000 people.

Yuan to Yuan thirteen years (1276), set up two Zhejiang Metropolitan Governor's Mansion, and set up the pacification division, fifteen years (1278) to Hangzhou Road, for the provincial capital of Jiangsu and Zhejiang Province.

In the Ming Dynasty, Hangzhou Road was changed to Hangzhou Mansion, which was the political envoy of Zhejiang Chengxuan.

In the 2nd year of Shunzhi (1645), the governor of Zhejiang, stationed in Hangzhou, the first year of the Holy Ancestor Kangxi (1662), Zhejiang Cheng announced that the political envoy was changed to Zhejiang Province, and Hangzhou was the provincial capital.

At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, the "flag camp" was built along the West Lake in the west of Hangzhou, commonly known as "Mancheng". Ten miles around the city wall, Kaiyuan Road in the south, Court Road in the north, near Zhongshan Middle Road in the east, including Lakeside Park in the west, and there are six city gates, covering a total area of 1436 acres, becoming the "city in the city" of Hangzhou (demolished in the early years of the Republic of China). In the second year of Yongzheng (1724) and the fifth year of Jiaqing (1800), Li Wei, the governor of Zhejiang, and Ruan Yuan, the governor of Zhejiang, dredged the West Lake again and dug up a large amount of mud to deepen the lake by several feet. Hangzhou's population continues to increase. In the ninth year of Guangxu (1883), there were more than 620,000 people in Hangzhou. In the 21st year of Guangxu, the Qing government was defeated in the Sino-Japanese War and was forced to sign the Treaty of Shimonoseki. With the invasion of capitalist forces and the rise of the Westernization Movement, Hangzhou's modern industry also gradually developed.

In the first year of the Republic of China (1912), Hangzhou Mansion was abolished.

Hangzhou Tonglu

Hangzhou Tonglu (5 photos)

The two counties of Qiantang and Renhe were merged into Hangzhou County, which is still the provincial capital. In the 3rd year of the Republic of China (1914), the Taoist system was established, Qiantang Road was placed, and Daoyin was stationed in Hang County. The counties under the jurisdiction of the former Hangzhou government are under the jurisdiction of Qiantang Road. In the 16th year of the Republic of China (1927), the road system was abolished, and the urban area of Hangzhou County was set up in Hangzhou City, which was directly under Zhejiang Province, and the suburbs were still Hangzhou County, and the old counties directly belonged to the province. Since then, Hangzhou has been established as a city, and the urban area is divided into eight districts. At this time, there were already a few modern industries in Hangzhou, such as the Tongyi Gong Yarn Factory (the predecessor of Hangzhou No. 1 Cotton Textile Factory), which was founded in 1897, which was relatively large-scale, and then successively set up match factories and paper mills, and the traditional handmade silk weaving industry also gradually adopted mechanical transmission. From 1909 to 1914, the Shanghai-Hangzhou and Hangzhou-Ningbo railways were built one after another, and the Qiantang River Bridge with a total length of 1,453 meters was completed in 1937. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War in 1945, the Japanese concession of Gongchenqiao was unconditionally recovered.

For more than 100 years after the Opium War, the national strength was sluggish, the people's livelihood withered, the city of Hangzhou fell into disrepair, industry and commerce were also in difficulty, and many scenic spots in the West Lake were mostly dilapidated, and some had been abandoned. On May 3, 1949, Hangzhou was reborn.

Since the 50s, the regional scope of Hangzhou has undergone continuous changes. First, the original eight districts were renamed Shangcheng District, Zhongcheng District, Xiacheng District, Jianggan District, Xihu District, Genshan District, Gongshu District, and Jianqiao District; later, Genshan District was merged into Xiacheng District, Jianqiao District was merged into Jianggan District, most of Zhongcheng District was merged into Shangcheng District, and a small part was merged into Xiacheng District. [17] In April 1958, Hangzhou County was revoked as a suburb of Hangzhou, and in January 1960, Qiantang Union was established, and in March 1961, Yuhang County was merged into Hangzhou Qiantang Union to form a new Yuhang County.

In 1994, Hangzhou was upgraded to a sub-provincial city.

On December 12, 1996, Binjiang District was newly established in Hangzhou. There are seven counties (cities) in the subordinate counties: Xiaoshan, Tonglu, Yuhang, Lin'an, Jiande, Fuyang and Chun'an.

On March 12, 2001, the Hangzhou Municipal Government officially announced that

Relocation map of Hangzhou Municipal People's Government

With the approval of the State Council and the Zhejiang Provincial People's Government, Xiaoshan City and Yuhang City were abolished, and Xiaoshan District and Yuhang District were established at the same time, forming a new Hangzhou together with the original 6 districts of Hangzhou, and the adjusted new urban area of Hangzhou was increased from the original 6 districts to 8 districts.

On December 13, 2014, with the approval of the State Council, Fuyang City was abolished and Fuyang District of Hangzhou City was established. Fuyang District became the ninth municipal district of Hangzhou.

On October 1, 2016, with the approval of the State Council and the Zhejiang Provincial People's Government, the residence of the Hangzhou Municipal People's Government was moved from No. 318 Huancheng North Road, Gongshu District to No. 18, Jiefang East Road, Jianggan District.

On August 10, 2017, the Zhejiang Provincial People's Government officially issued the Notice of the People's Government of Zhejiang Province on Adjusting Part of the Administrative Divisions of Hangzhou City, and in accordance with the spirit of the Reply of the State Council on Agreeing to the Adjustment of Part of the Administrative Divisions of Hangzhou City in Zhejiang Province (Guo Han [2017] No. 102), the county-level Lin'an City was abolished and the Lin'an District of Hangzhou City was established, with the administrative area of the original Lin'an City as the administrative area of Lin'an District, and the People's Government of Lin'an District was located at No. 398, Yijin Street, Jincheng Street.

Niu Gensheng sleepwalked for three days and three nights, and he was happy to return, and he couldn't imagine that the world was more complicated than heaven and hell, but two small places were enough for you to see! You can never get tired of seeing the scenery of the world 365 days a day! The scenery here is good! I Niu Gensheng has traveled all over the Qingshan people, and I love heaven the most, and there is Suzhou and Hangzhou, because there is a world's first beauty Xi Shi here! There is also a great talent Su Dongpo once wrote a poem when he was an official in West Lake, "After all, in the middle of June in West Lake, the scenery is not the same as the four seasons, and the lotus leaves are infinitely green?" The lotus flowers are different red in the sun!" Niu Gensheng looked at Su Dongpo's poem on the West Lake in Suzhou and Hangzhou, and knew that the West Lake was the most beautiful in the world!

Drink two songs on the lake after the first sunny day

The morning sun welcomes the guests Yan Chonggang, and the evening rain leaves people into the drunken country.

This means that Jiajun will not, a cup should be the Narcissus King.

(There is a Narcissus Temple on the lake.) ）

The water is shining and sunny, and the mountains are empty and rainy.

If you want to compare West Lake to Xizi, light makeup is always appropriate.

Translations

One day, Su Shi and his friends were drinking on the edge of the West Lake. At first the weather was sunny and clear, but after a short period of time, it became cloudy and rained. In this way, before the drinking was exhausted, the poet enjoyed the two completely different scenery of the West Lake, sunny and rainy. So the poet praised and said: On a sunny day, the West Lake is rippling and dazzling, just showing the beautiful scenery, and on a rainy day, the West Lake in the mountains is hazy and ethereal, showing a different wonderful scenery. I think it's best to compare the West Lake to Xizi, the empty mountains are her elegant makeup, and the rippling water is her rich pink fat, no matter how she dresses, she can always bring out her natural beauty and charming charm.

The first two sentences of this small poem are described: the water on a sunny day and the mountain on a rainy day, from two landforms and two kinds of weather to express the beauty of the landscape and the changeable characteristics of the West Lake, written concretely, expressively, and with a high degree of artistic generalization, so that some people commented that how many West Lake poems in ancient times were all swept away by these two sentences. The last two sentences are metaphors: between heaven and earth, human beings are the most spiritual, and among human beings, Xizi is the most beautiful. On the basis of the description of the first two sentences, the West Lake is compared to the beautiful Xi Shi, saying that it is the same as Xi Shi is the best of the world's spirit and beauty, not to mention that it has been carefully dressed up with light makeup or heavy makeup!

However, writing about the beauty of West Lake is not the whole mystery of this metaphor. This is because, in addition to Xizi's beauty and beauty, Xizi also has two unique points of convergence with the West Lake: First, Xizi's hometown is not far from the West Lake, and they both belong to the land of ancient Yue; second, Xizi and West Lake both have the word "Xi" on their heads, and they are naturally called by nature. For these reasons, Su Shi's clever metaphor won the praise of later generations, and West Lake was also called West Lake.

It is said that the world is beautiful and Guilin is beautiful, but when I come to the West Lake of Suzhou and Hangzhou, there is true love in the world! People, I think that Suzhou and Hangzhou are reliable in the world! There is heaven on earth, and there is Suzhou and Hangzhou below! It is like a beautiful dream in the world in heaven and earth! I can't tell whether this is heaven or earth in my dreams! I love this paradise on earth! This place is three points more beautiful than Tengger's "Heaven"!

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