Update time:2014-01-2219:00:56410.Chapter 410 Liuli

"Liuli!" everyone was in an uproar!

"That's right. It is glass, in fact, many people misunderstand that glass is another name for glass, in fact, it is also correct, but well, in ancient times, it was called glass, and the glass practice is much more cumbersome than glass, although the same substance is used, but the things made are as you see. This kind of pure crystal without impurities is glass!"

To say that among these people, only Wang Fatzi has some understanding of Liuli, but each antique expert has his own field, and Wang Fatzi has only heard some things about Liuli, but he is not very familiar with it, how many people are as demonic as Xu Yang is now, and the brain is comparable to a thousand-year-old demon in terms of capacity and memory.

So Xu Yang looked at these people and was still a little dazed, so he continued: "Actually, there is nothing to think about. I'll continue to talk about it, and I'll also explain to you about the glass.

Colored glass, also known as "ruglas", is a crystal work made of high-temperature dewaxing using the ancient bronze lost-wax casting method. Its colors are brilliant and beautiful, and its quality is crystal clear and dazzling. This process requires dozens of meticulous manual operations to complete, and the slightest negligence can cause failure or flaws. What you see now is the glass made by completely ancient craftsmanship!

In fact, there are many names for glaze. Liuli, colored glass, and colored glass are the names of glass in ancient China. The main component of ancient Chinese glaze is lead barium glass, so it is not suitable for making eating utensils, and is generally used for decorations, ritual utensils and burial goods. It is also commonly used in building materials, and is an important decorative component of ancient Chinese architecture and modern Chinese architecture, generally used in palaces, temples, mausoleums and other important buildings. Glass is one of the seven treasures of Buddhism, since ancient times, glass has been endowed with profound cultural connotation and mythological color, with the revival of modern wax casting, glass handicrafts began to become increasingly popular.

The earliest written record of glaze production can be traced back to the Tang Dynasty. Li Kang of the Tang Dynasty has such a record in "Du Yi Zhi": In the Kaiyuan period, there were two dogs from Chang'an, who were peddlers and two dogs, and they tried to go back and forth to Zijun to sell silk, and they made a small profit. One day, the orphan house was stolen and all the property was lost. The second dog sighed: God doesn't help me. Then he wanted to commit suicide. In the dark, I saw an old man, dressed in brocade and jade belt, wearing a crown, wearing a red robe, white face and long beard, gentle and elegant, "Ruyi" in his left hand, "Yuanbao" in his right hand. Xingjun said: "When you are rich and rich, how can you take your life! Don't you hear that Zizhou is out of Liulihu?" The second dog sold glass and grew up to be the richest man. I was also grateful for the gift of Xingjun and changed his name to ingots.

In the Yuan Dynasty, the production of Boshan glaze has formed a certain scale. Its early products were mainly beads and flutes, as well as hairpins and buttons. The color is mainly blue, and there are crystal, black, white, and citrine colors. During the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, in addition to the inner palace supervisor set up an "outer factory" here to produce tributes such as "green curtains" for the court, the production of private glaze is also developing day by day. During the Jingtai period, there were 4 large furnaces in Xiye Street, Boshan, which produced water sound goods and enamel materials. Before and after Jiajing, the production of bead lamps, bead screens, chess pieces, tent hooks, pillow tops and other products was increased. By the Wanli period, Boshan glaze production has become a larger industry. In 1611 (the 39th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty), Xu Yingyuan and others initiated the construction of the Boshan Furnace Temple.

This is some of the records in the history books, and there are some wild legends, then the legend is a little longer, I saw a legend about glass when I was reading the book. I'll tell you about it here. This legend is a legend about Shih Tzu's tears:

In the first year of King Jing of Zhou (496 BC), Fan Li was the sword of the king of Yue Goujian. After three years of firing, it was cast, and on the day of Wang Jian's birth, Fan Li found a green magical powdery object in the sword casting mold, which was crystal clear but had a metallic sound after being fused with crystal. Fan Li believes that this substance has been tempered by fire, and there is the feminine air of the crystal hidden in the meantime, both the domineering spirit of the king's sword, and the soft feeling of water, which is the ultimate that the yin and yang of heaven and earth can achieve, so this item is presented to the king of Yue along with the cast king's sword, and this thing is called "the way of the sword".

King Yue thanked Fan Li for his sword-casting and accepted the king's sword, but returned the original "sword", and named this magical substance "Li" after him. At that time, Fan Li had just met Xi Shi, for her beauty poured, shocked, he thought that gold, silver, jade and other worldly things in the world could not match Xi Shi, so he visited skilled craftsmen, will be named after the "Li" into a beautiful jewelry, as a love object to Xi Shi. Legend has it that this is the world's earliest glass accessory.

Unexpectedly, in this year, the war broke out again, and Gou Jian heard that Wu Wangfu was training soldiers and horses day and night, intending to crusade against Yue to avenge his father, so he decided to strike first. Fan Li's bitter advice failed, and the Yue Kingdom was finally defeated and almost perished. Xi Shi was forced to go to Wu and pro, when parting, Xi Shi sent "Li" back to Fan Li, legend, Xi Shi's tears dropped on this "Li", the heaven and earth sun and the moon were moved, and the tears of Xi Shi can still be seen flowing in it, the descendants call it "Liuli", today's "Liuli" is derived from this name.

After twenty years of lying on the salary, the king of Yue, with the help of Fan Li, finally destroyed the powerful state of Wu. The king of Yue said, "The lonely general and the son are separated from the country!" Fan Li felt that things were wrong and hung sails away. Gou Jian deeply regretted that it took ten years to successfully fire the "Li" vessel according to the law, "flowing clouds and neon colors, and heavenly craftsmanship is self-made". Legend has it that on the day of "Li", the purple gas comes from the east, the sky is full of clouds and neon colors, Gou Jian gets this heavy treasure, the old tears are vertical and horizontal, and the sky is long and roaring: "Heavenly work is self-contained". Since then, the institution where the ancient Yue royal family fired "Liuli" (Liuli) (Liuli) was called "Tiangongfang", and the time was around 462 BC, 2466 years ago. ”

Xu Yang said a lot, and also stopped to drink a sip of water, and let these people digest what they just said, fortunately, Xu Yang will not be boring like those teachers, Xu Yang will put history books and legends together, so that everyone can listen to it with taste.

"Xiao Yangyang, when did this glass start to be made?" asked Xu Yang's mother.

"I don't know, but I'm more inclined to the Tang Dynasty mentioned in the history books, because that era is the most glorious era in my Chinese history, even if there is glass in that era, it will not pass, as for the legend of Xi Shi, it's just a legend!

Sometimes we have to admire our ancestors, this glass is actually the perfect combination of ancient culture and modern art, its brilliance, change magnificent, is the exquisite, delicate, subtle embodiment of the Oriental people, is the fusion of thought, emotion and art.

In ancient times, glaze was known as the first of the five famous vessels. One of the seven treasures of Buddhism, it has been basically lost in the Ming Dynasty, and it is only recorded in legends and gods and monsters.

I've said so much and it's almost too little, if I continue to talk about it, I'm afraid you'll be annoyed!" Xu Yang actually didn't want to say more. The main thing is that there are some things for some people, and if you don't need to talk about it so professionally, you can just say part of it! But what Xu Yang didn't expect was that this glass seemed to really have magic power, and the people in the room actually coaxed Xu Yang to talk about it.

Xu Yang said helplessly: "Liuli, the magnificence of sedimentary history, she travels through three thousand years of time and space, and retains the indelible color with restrained richness. The color of the song and cry flows, as if it is still telling the poignant and earnest when Xi Shi said goodbye to Fan Li, and the crystal tears fell on the token "Li" on the chest, and the loyal thing when casting the sword was also emotional. The name of "Liuli", from which comes the bubbles in the glass, large or small, floating or sinking, is the characteristic of the life of the glass. These bubbles swim among the crystals, floating between the ribbons of tender watery colours. Whether it is happy and free, affectionate, or heroic, Liuli is telling, we are listening. However, even the very incomplete craftsmanship of the Ming Dynasty is still protected by the grade, and the glass at that time was already very impermeable, so it was called medicinal jade.

Glass is a valuable work of art, there are two reasons: first, the ancient glaze material is special, and its production process is quite complicated, fire and water, it takes dozens of processes to complete, and some of the light production process takes ten to twenty days, and mainly relies on hand. It is quite difficult to grasp each link, and the difficulty of grasping the heat can be said to be half by skill and half by luck. Only one of the products is baked, and the yield rate is only 70%. What's more, the ancient method of glass is not recyclable, that is to say, once there is a little problem, more than ten days, dozens of processes, and how many people's efforts will be immediately in vain. Second, glass is not only a material, but also a cultural product, and more importantly, glass products are unique, no two are exactly the same glass products.

The production process is lengthy: from conception, design, sculpture, firing, fine repair, polishing to the completion of the work, it takes 47 delicate and tedious manual processes to complete.

Workers must master exquisite technology to operate, each process has its own indefinite change factors, and in the process of repeated experiments, the color of the work is not the same, the production is extremely difficult. A mold can only be fired for one work, and cannot be used for a second time, and large and complex works even need to be opened and fired many times to complete. The low success rate makes the work more valuable and precious.

The rest is about this kind of glaze firing, I won't say much, because I don't understand! However, the four glazes in my hands now, I have preliminarily identified them as real ancient glazes, not imitations by modern people. If I really find the provenance, then these four pieces of glass are priceless. ”