There are many, such as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there are six kinds of king bows, arc bows, clamp bows, Geng bows, Tang bows and big bows. The king's bow, the arc bow is used for defending the city and chariot battles; Clip bows and waste bows are used for hunting and flying birds. The Han Dynasty was divided into tiger bows, carved bows, horn end bows, road bows, and Xinjiang bows. The Tang Dynasty was divided into four types: longbow, horn bow, slight bow and lattice bow, longbow infantry, horned arch cavalry, and slightly bow and lattice bow Imperial Guard.

[Longbow]

Medieval English bow and arrow. In the 13th century, England vigorously developed the bow and arrow army, and gradually changed the bow to replace the crossbow with the longbow. The longbow was made of elm, stick and basil wood, and later it was mainly made of yew wood. The best yew wood is not grown in England, but is imported from Italy and Spain. The length of the longbow is 6 feet, and the length of the arrow is 3 feet. The middle of the bow is 1.5 inches wide and tapered towards the ends. The ends of the bow are upholstered with horns. The front part of the bow frame is round, and the back is flat. The longbow has twice the range of the crossbow

(up to 400 yards, with an effective range of close to 250 yards), and the rate of archery is much higher

(10 to 12 arrows per minute). In the hands of skilled British soldiers, the longbow had a significantly higher hit rate than the crossbow. It is lighter, easier to master, and suitable for skirmisher shooting or salvo fire. At the time, it was the most effective and versatile individual weapon on the battlefield. The disadvantage of the longbow is that the bow is too hard, the technical requirements are high, and it must be mastered by long-trained archers.

[Ancient Egyptian Bow and Arrow]

The bow of ancient Egypt is relatively sophisticated in the ancient history of the world. The bows of the Egyptians during the New Kingdom were generally made of round wooden strips. The length is 5-5.5 feet, thick in the middle and gradually thin at the ends. There are also bows made of composite materials, in which the wooden bow is embedded with antelope horn pieces and covered with a cow tendon, and various composite pieces are tightly wrapped around the wooden bow with brown bark. The compound bow has a lot of power and a long range, but it is not easy to pull away. The length of the shaft varies from 22 to 34 inches. The shaft of the arrow is made of wooden sticks, reeds, etc., metal arrows, and usually has three feathers as the tail fin.

[Assyrian Bow and Arrow]

The length of the Assyrian bowstring was generally shorter than that of the Egyptian bow, with a length of about 4 feet. The bow was made of wood, and the Assyrian bow was divided into angular and curved bows. The angular bow is the same thickness as the whole bow, and the curved bow is thinner at the ends of the stick, and the angular bow is smaller. There is also less use. Both types of bows have peonies at both ends

(later carved into a duck's head), a groove is carved near the knots for hanging bowstrings. The bow could be carried straight on the back or placed in the sheath, and the shaft of the Assyrian arrow was straight and thin, and was probably made of reeds or light wood. Arrowheads are made of bronze or iron. The arrows are diamond-shaped, flattened. The arrow has a raised line in it to increase its strength, and there is a hole at the lower end, which is embedded in the shaft. The tail of the arrow has two wings and a groove at the end to make it easier to attach to the bowstring.

[Ancient Indian Bow and Arrow]

Among the archaeological materials that have been excavated, the period of the Indus civilization has been found

(c. 2300-1750 BC). Hindering arrows were a common weapon used by all branches of the army in ancient India. Typical Indian bows and arrows are recorded in detail in the "Arrow Parables Sutra" of the "Zhonga Han Sutra": the material of the bow is decay, mulberry, and generality. horns, the materials of the bow are cow tendons, camphor deer tendons and silk, and the bowstring is tendons, silk, silk and hemp; The arrow is wrapped with cow tendon, camphor deer tendon and silk; The arrow feathers are fluttering feathers, carved crossbow feathers, and crane feathers; Arrow pith

for pregnant spicy spears and plated knives; The bow color is black, self, red, and yellow. According to historical records, the Persian king resisted the great invasion of Alexandria

(c. 7th century B.C.). The bow of the Indian Waste People's Envoy Period is made according to the height of the user, the bow is very hard, and one end needs to be propped up on the ground when pulling the bow, and the left foot is pedaled by the man, and both hands are drawn. The arrows have three kubi casts

(elbow) length. This kind of bow and arrow has great penetrating power, and at that time, ordinary shields and armor could shoot through. According to the "Political Commentary", the names of the bows during the Neo-Mauryan Dynasty were: Invite Rama, Qiao Tantuo, Truna, etc. They are made of palm shelf, bamboo, wood, or animal horns. The bowstring is made of vine plant fibers, bamboo fibers and sheep intestines. Arrows include bamboo arrows, wooden arrows, and iron arrows. Arrows are made of iron, bone, and wood, and have the functions of wearing, cutting, and impacting.

[Crossbow]

A catapult that harnesses mechanical force. The crossbow was developed from the bow, which was a powerful wooden stubble with an arrow groove and a firing device

On the (or metal) bar, after the bowstring is opened, it is magnetically fixed by the firing device, and the arrow is placed in the slot, and the bowstring is connected to the tail of the arrow. The launcher is activated and the arrow is fired along the groove. Some crossbows can also fire stone bullets, inlaid bullets, etc., so crossbows can be divided into arrows and bullets. The fundamental difference between a crossbow and a bow is that a crossbow has a time-lapse mechanism that eliminates the need to draw the bow and aim at the same time. You can use arms, feet, waist, machinery and other ways to draw the bow, calmly aim, waiting for the opportunity to fire. The arrows fired by the crossbow bow have a long range, high accuracy, and strong penetration. However, it fires less quickly than a bow and is heavier than a bow. The earliest crossbows appeared as early as ancient Greece and the Warring States period in China. It spread to almost all major military countries and continued to be used until the modern era when firearms were widely used. The quality and types of crossbows also evolved, and types such as repeating crossbows, self-fired crossbows, and rocket crossbows appeared. After the advent of modern shooting firearms, crossbows were gradually eliminated.

[Chinese Crossbow]

The earliest crossbow that has been discovered in China is a crossbow from the middle of the Warring States period unearthed in Luoyang, Henan Province, with a wooden crossbow arm and a copper book vanadium. Han Dynasty waist crossbow. Repeater, bed crossbow. The basic structure of a crossbow is composed of four parts: a crossbow bow, a string, a crossbow arm, and a crossbow machine, and a crossbow string is similar to an ordinary bow. But even stronger. The crossbow arm is made of hard wood with grooves carved into it. holes, the front end of the crossbow is fixed, there is a longitudinal scumbag in the middle, arrows are placed, and a crossbow machine is installed in the rear. The crossbow hunger is the control mechanism for launching, and the first hall is composed of three parts: the annihilation, the hanging knife, and the ox. Teeth, also known as machine hooks, according to "Shi Ming • Shi Bing": "The hook string is the day tooth", which is used to hook the crossbow string. The suspension knife, also known as the machine dial, is a plate machine for shooting. Cattle, also known as pad machines. When opening the crossbow, use it to hook the teeth and the hanging knife together. When the crossbow is fired, the hanging knife is slapped, the ox is loosened, the tooth surface falls, and the tightly hooked crossbow string suddenly gallops away, and the crossbow arrow is fired. On the top of the bud, there is a "lookout mountain" ------ the door. It is used for aiming, and after the crossbow machine is combined, it is packed in a box, which is called a book. In China, crossbows were first used for hunting, and were used in warfare around the Spring and Autumn Period, and were popular in the Han, Jin and Tang dynasties. There are many types of crossbows of various generations. Performance is also inconsistent. For example, during the Warring States Period, it was divided into clamp crossbows, phlegm crossbows, Tang crossbows and large crossbows; In the Tang Dynasty, there were crossbows, horn bows, wooden crossbows, large car crossbows, bamboo pole crossbows, and bamboo pole police. Big bamboo pole crossbow, Fuyuan crossbow, etc.

Author:Cold Moon NingxianReply Date:2007-4-115:14:40

[Arm Stretch Crossbow]

A crossbow that relies only on the strength of a human arm to position the bow and arrows.

[Jumping Crossbow]

A crossbow that uses the power of the arms, feet, or knees at the same time. There are two ways to draw the bow with a crossbow; One is a crossbow with the foot end, which is used for strong crossbows; One is the knee upper crossbow, which is used for weak crossbows.

[Waist crossbow]

A crossbow that uses the power of the arms, feet, and waist at the same time in a seated position. When using, sit flat on the ground and lay the crossbow flat in front of you. The left and right soles of the feet are inserted into the thumbs, followed by the crossbow split, pry the waist hook, and hook the crossbow string. Pull the waist hook with both hands and push the soles of your feet forward. The splitting body fell backwards, and with force, the machine started from the beginning, and the vanadium structure was hung.

[Repeater]

A crossbow that fires many arrows at the same time. It appeared around the end of the Warring States period. According to the chapter "Mozi Bei Gaolin", the crossbow designed for the defense of the city was very powerful, and it took ten people to push the winch to get it fully wound. The arrows used for repeaters are "ten feet long", and the tail of the arrow is tied with a rope, and after being shot, it can be recovered with a plated guard. This kind of heavy crossbow is mainly used to shoot at the enemy's defensive equipment outside the city. "Six Rice, Tiger Rice, Military Chapter" mentions that there are many "winch crossbows" that fire long arrows of "red stem white feathers, headed by copper" or "green stem red feathers, led by iron", such as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. The king's bow, the arc bow is used for defending the city and chariot battles; Clip bows and waste bows are used for hunting and flying birds. The Han Dynasty was divided into tiger bows, carved bows, horn end bows, road bows, and Xinjiang bows. The Tang Dynasty was divided into four types: longbow, horn bow, slight bow and lattice bow, longbow infantry, horned arch cavalry, and slightly bow and lattice bow Imperial Guard.

[Longbow]

Medieval English bow and arrow. In the 13th century, England vigorously developed the bow and arrow army, and gradually changed the bow to replace the crossbow with the longbow. The longbow was made of elm, stick and basil wood, and later it was mainly made of yew wood. The best yew wood is not grown in England, but is imported from Italy and Spain. The length of the longbow is 6 feet, and the length of the arrow is 3 feet. The middle of the bow is 1.5 inches wide and tapered towards the ends. The ends of the bow are upholstered with horns. The front part of the bow frame is round, and the back is flat. The longbow has twice the range of the crossbow

(up to 400 yards, with an effective range of close to 250 yards), and the rate of archery is much higher

(10 to 12 arrows per minute). In the hands of skilled British soldiers, the longbow had a significantly higher hit rate than the crossbow. It is lighter, easier to master, and suitable for skirmisher shooting or salvo fire. At the time, it was the most effective and versatile individual weapon on the battlefield. The disadvantage of the longbow is that the bow is too hard, the technical requirements are high, and it must be mastered by long-trained archers.

[Ancient Egyptian Bow and Arrow]

The bow of ancient Egypt is relatively sophisticated in the ancient history of the world. The bows of the Egyptians during the New Kingdom were generally made of round wooden strips. The length is 5-5.5 feet, thick in the middle and gradually thin at the ends. There are also bows made of composite materials, in which the wooden bow is embedded with antelope horn pieces and covered with a cow tendon, and various composite pieces are tightly wrapped around the wooden bow with brown bark. The compound bow has a lot of power and a long range, but it is not easy to pull away. The length of the shaft varies from 22 to 34 inches. The shaft of the arrow is made of wooden sticks, reeds, etc., metal arrows, and usually has three feathers as the tail fin.

[Assyrian Bow and Arrow]

The length of the Assyrian bowstring was generally shorter than that of the Egyptian bow, with a length of about 4 feet. The bow was made of wood, and the Assyrian bow was divided into angular and curved bows. The angular bow is the same thickness as the whole bow, and the curved bow is thinner at the ends of the stick, and the angular bow is smaller. There is also less use. Both types of bows have peonies at both ends

(later carved into a duck's head), a groove is carved near the knots for hanging bowstrings. The bow could be carried straight on the back or placed in the sheath, and the shaft of the Assyrian arrow was straight and thin, and was probably made of reeds or light wood. Arrowheads are made of bronze or iron. The arrows are diamond-shaped, flattened. The arrow has a raised line in it to increase its strength, and there is a hole at the lower end, which is embedded in the shaft. The tail of the arrow has two wings and a groove at the end to make it easier to attach to the bowstring.

[Ancient Indian Bow and Arrow]

Among the archaeological materials that have been excavated, the period of the Indus civilization has been found

(c. 2300-1750 BC). Hindering arrows were a common weapon used by all branches of the army in ancient India. Typical Indian bows and arrows are recorded in detail in the "Arrow Parables Sutra" of the "Zhonga Han Sutra": the material of the bow is decay, mulberry, and generality. horns, the materials of the bow are cow tendons, camphor deer tendons and silk, and the bowstring is tendons, silk, silk and hemp; The arrow is wrapped with cow tendon, camphor deer tendon and silk; The arrow feathers are fluttering feathers, carved crossbow feathers, and crane feathers; Arrow pith

for pregnant spicy spears and plated knives; The bow color is black, self, red, and yellow. According to historical records, the Persian king resisted the great invasion of Alexandria

(c. 7th century B.C.). The bow of the Indian Waste People's Envoy Period is made according to the height of the user, the bow is very hard, and one end needs to be propped up on the ground when pulling the bow, and the left foot is pedaled by the man, and both hands are drawn. The arrows have three kubi casts

(elbow) length. This kind of bow and arrow has great penetrating power, and at that time, ordinary shields and armor could shoot through. According to the "Political Commentary", the names of the bows during the Neo-Mauryan Dynasty were: Invite Rama, Qiao Tantuo, Truna, etc. They are made of palm shelf, bamboo, wood, or animal horns. The bowstring is made of vine plant fibers, bamboo fibers and sheep intestines. Arrows include bamboo arrows, wooden arrows, and iron arrows. Arrows are made of iron, bone, and wood, and have the functions of wearing, cutting, and impacting.

[Crossbow]

A catapult that harnesses mechanical force. The crossbow was developed from the bow, which was a powerful wooden stubble with an arrow groove and a firing device

On the (or metal) bar, after the bowstring is opened, it is magnetically fixed by the firing device, and the arrow is placed in the slot, and the bowstring is connected to the tail of the arrow. The launcher is activated and the arrow is fired along the groove. Some crossbows can also fire stone bullets, inlaid bullets, etc., so crossbows can be divided into arrows and bullets. The fundamental difference between a crossbow and a bow is that a crossbow has a time-lapse mechanism that eliminates the need to draw the bow and aim at the same time. You can use arms, feet, waist, machinery and other ways to draw the bow, calmly aim, waiting for the opportunity to fire. The arrows fired by the crossbow bow have a long range, high accuracy, and strong penetration. However, it fires less quickly than a bow and is heavier than a bow. The earliest crossbows appeared as early as ancient Greece and the Warring States period in China. It spread to almost all major military countries and continued to be used until the modern era when firearms were widely used. The quality and types of crossbows also evolved, and types such as repeating crossbows, self-fired crossbows, and rocket crossbows appeared. After the advent of modern shooting firearms, crossbows were gradually eliminated.

[Chinese Crossbow]

The earliest crossbow that has been discovered in China is a crossbow from the middle of the Warring States period unearthed in Luoyang, Henan Province, with a wooden crossbow arm and a copper book vanadium. Han Dynasty waist crossbow. Repeater, bed crossbow. The basic structure of a crossbow is composed of four parts: a crossbow bow, a string, a crossbow arm, and a crossbow machine, and a crossbow string is similar to an ordinary bow. But even stronger. The crossbow arm is made of hard wood with grooves carved into it. holes, the front end of the crossbow is fixed, there is a longitudinal scumbag in the middle, arrows are placed, and a crossbow machine is installed in the rear. The crossbow hunger is the control mechanism for launching, and the first hall is composed of three parts: the annihilation, the hanging knife, and the ox. Teeth, also known as machine hooks, according to "Shi Ming • Shi Bing": "The hook string is the day tooth", which is used to hook the crossbow string. The suspension knife, also known as the machine dial, is a plate machine for shooting. Cattle, also known as pad machines. When opening the crossbow, use it to hook the teeth and the hanging knife together. When the crossbow is fired, the hanging knife is slapped, the ox is loosened, the tooth surface falls, and the tightly hooked crossbow string suddenly gallops away, and the crossbow arrow is fired. On the top of the bud, there is a "lookout mountain" ------ the door. It is used for aiming, and after the crossbow machine is combined, it is packed in a box, which is called a book. In China, crossbows were first used for hunting, and were used in warfare around the Spring and Autumn Period, and were popular in the Han, Jin and Tang dynasties. There are many types of crossbows of various generations. Performance is also inconsistent. For example, during the Warring States Period, it was divided into clamp crossbows, phlegm crossbows, Tang crossbows and large crossbows; In the Tang Dynasty, there were crossbows, horn bows, wooden crossbows, large car crossbows, bamboo pole crossbows, and bamboo pole police. Big bamboo pole crossbow, Fuyuan crossbow, etc.

Author:Cold Moon NingxianReply Date:2007-4-115:14:40

[Arm Stretch Crossbow]

A crossbow that relies only on the strength of a human arm to position the bow and arrows.

[Jumping Crossbow]

A crossbow that uses the power of the arms, feet, or knees at the same time. There are two ways to draw the bow with a crossbow; One is a crossbow with the foot end, which is used for strong crossbows; One is the knee upper crossbow, which is used for weak crossbows.

[Waist crossbow]

A crossbow that uses the power of the arms, feet, and waist at the same time in a seated position. When using, sit flat on the ground and lay the crossbow flat in front of you. The left and right soles of the feet are inserted into the thumbs, followed by the crossbow split, pry the waist hook, and hook the crossbow string. Pull the waist hook with both hands and push the soles of your feet forward. The splitting body fell backwards, and with force, the machine started from the beginning, and the vanadium structure was hung.

[Repeater]

A crossbow that fires many arrows at the same time. It appeared around the end of the Warring States period. According to the chapter "Mozi Bei Gaolin", the crossbow designed for the defense of the city was very powerful, and it took ten people to push the winch to get it fully wound. The arrows used for repeaters are "ten feet long", and the tail of the arrow is tied with a rope, and after being shot, it can be recovered with a plated guard. This kind of heavy crossbow is mainly used to shoot at the enemy's defensive equipment outside the city. "Six Rice, Tiger Rice, Military Chapter" mentions a "winch crossbow" that fires long arrows with "red stems and white feathers, led by copper" or "green stems and red feathers, led by iron"