The next day, Chen Sheng took a bus and went to the city center.

Then, he turned on the live broadcast, including the big live broadcast room and the panda live broadcast room.

There is no audience in the panda live broadcast room, and a new face has appeared in the big live broadcast room, Xuanyuan Po, and at the same time, Lei Yunzi and ruthless people are also there.

"Hello, Brother Xuanyuan. Chen Sheng said hello, he didn't know which character this Xuanyuan Po was in the world of novels.

Xuanyuan Po: Hello.

"Brother Xuanyuan is optimistic, our live broadcast will start immediately. ”

"Brother Lei Yunzi, ruthless big sister, long time no see. Today, what I'm going to take you to see is Chang'an. Chen Sheng also said hello to Lei Yunzi and the ruthless man, and then entered today's topic.

"Chang'an, the ancient name of the West (1) An, is the first capital city in the history that is known to be 'Beijing', and it is also the first city in the real sense of the word in the known history. King Wen of Zhou set the capital here, built Fengjing, and then built Hojing after King Wu ascended the throne, collectively called Fenghao, Xi'an abbreviated as "Ho" (hào) is derived from this. Han Gaozu five years (202 years ago) placed Chang A County, built Changle Palace on the basis of Wei HN bank, Afang Palace, Qin Xingle Palace, Gaozu seven years (200 years ago) built Weiyang Palace, in the same year, the national capital moved here from Liyang, because it is located in Chang'an Township, it is called Chang'an City, and it means "long peace and stability".

Chang'an is the ancient capital of the thirteen dynasties, the capital city with the most dynasties, the longest time and the most influential in Chinese history, the first of the four ancient capitals in China, the birthplace of Chinese civilization, the cradle of the Chinese nation, the outstanding representative of Chinese culture, and the largest city in the world during the Sui and Tang dynasties. Chang'an is the eastern starting point of the Silk Road and the starting point of the Sui-Tang Grand Canal, and is the only Chinese city that has been designated as a world historic city by UNESCO so far, and is known as the world's four ancient civilizations along with Athens, Rome and Cairo. With a history of more than 7,000 years of civilization, more than 3,100 years of city building and more than 1,200 years (not counting the accompanying capital), there have been 13 dynasties including Zhou, Qin, Han, Sui and Tang dynasties built their capitals here, and the permanent population of 1.85 million in the heyday of the Tang Dynasty. As the capital of China and the political, economic and cultural center for more than 1,000 years, it is known as a natural history museum and an internationally famous tourist destination city.

The influence of Chang'an culture is extremely far-reaching, because the Zhou, Qin, Han, Sui and Tang dynasties that built the capital of Chang'an were the most powerful and civilized golden ages in ancient China, so after the Tang Dynasty, although Chang'an is no longer the national capital, the word "Chang'an" has become another name for the national capital. Today, the most important and well-known first street in the capital BJ, Chang'an Street, is named after ancient Chang'an. ”

"But in the past, Chang'an was pronounced as Cháng nǎn, which is the pronunciation of the ancient sound of Guanzhong, in fact, since the development of history, the ancient sound of many characters is different from the current sound. ”

At this time, the panda live broadcast room began to have an audience.

Chen Sheng named today's live broadcast in the panda live broadcast room, "Take you into ancient Chang'an and watch the Tang Dynasty." ”

"Hello, new friends. Chen Sheng greeted and said, "Today, we are going to take a look at ancient Chang'an." ”

"These ancient city walls that you see now were built by the Ming Dynasty emperor on the basis of the Tang Imperial City. Completely around the "defense" strategic system, the thickness of the city wall is greater than the height, it is as stable as a mountain, and the top of the wall can be used for sports cars and drills. The existing city wall was built in the seventh to eleventh years of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty, that is, in 1374-1378 AD, and has a history of more than 600 years, which is one of the most famous city wall buildings in Chinese history in the late Middle Ages, and is the most complete ancient city wall building in China. ”

At that time, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang, after conquering Huizhou, a hermit named Zhu Sheng told him that he should build a high wall, accumulate grain, and slow down his claim to be king. Zhu Yuanzhang at that time adopted these suggestions. When the whole country was unified, he ordered all prefectures and counties to build cities. Zhu Yuanzhang thought that the mountains and rivers in the world, only Qin Zhong was dangerous, and then Pu Ying presided over the expansion of the city wall on the basis of the Tang Imperial City. ”

"The east is Changle Gate, the west is Anding Gate, the south is Yongning Gate, and the north is Anyuan Gate. After the expansion of the Ming Dynasty, the Xi'an city wall is 12 meters high, what is the concept of 12 meters, that is, the general 4-story building now. The top width is 12-14 meters, which is several times wider than the road in the magic capital. Fortunately, there is a subway, but ah, friends who have experienced the subway in the magic capital should also be a little measured in their hearts. The bottom width is 15-18 meters. The city wall repairs a platform every 120 meters, protruding outside the city wall, and the top is level with the city wall. This is set up specifically for shooting enemies who climb the city. Half of the distance between the enemy platforms is exactly within the effective range of the bow and arrow, making it easy to shoot the besieging enemy from the side. There are a total of 98 enemy platforms on the city wall, and there are enemy towers with garrisons built on them. Such a city wall, at that time, could be described as invincible in defense. ”

"The reason why I like the Ming Dynasty very much is because of the sentence that describes the Zhu royal family, 'The Son of Heaven guards the country, and the king dies', is it very temperamental, comparable to Wen Tianxiang's sentence, 'Who has not died in life since ancient times, and left Dan to take care of the sweat'. However, don't think that the phrase 'the Son of Heaven guards the country, and the king dies' describes one thing, in fact, in this sentence, two things are said. In the first half of the sentence, the Son of Heaven guards the country, which is a description of the Yongle Emperor's relocation of the capital BJ, at that time, after the Ming Dynasty unified the country, the northern border troubles were still very serious. In 1381 A.D., the Ming Dynasty began to build Shanhaiguan. In 1409 AD, the Ming Dynasty set up the Nuergandu Division in the northeast region and sent officials to further strengthen the management of the northeast region.

In the eyes of the people at that time, outside Shanhaiguan was not the Central Plains, it was still a place outside the country, and the Guanguan was mainly a tribal society dominated by Manchus, so Shanhaiguan became an important border town outside the Central Plains and the Northeast Pass. After the Battle of Jingyan, Zhu Di entered Nanjing from Beiping to ascend the throne and became emperor, because the north was often threatened by Tatar and Warat, and there was also the southern attack of the Mongol forces of the Northern Yuan Dynasty, and Beiping was the land of Zhu Di's rejuvenation, so Zhu Di, the ancestor of the Ming Dynasty, moved the capital to Beiping in 1421, and changed Beiping to Beijing. Because of the geographical location, the capital of the Ming Dynasty, Jingshi, is close to the border town of Shanhaiguan, and it is the place where the Son of Heaven lives, so the people call it 'the Son of Heaven guarding the country'. ”

"And 'the king died in Sheji', when Emperor Chongzhen of the Ming Dynasty, Li Zicheng attacked the city inside, and there were Houjin forces eyeing him outside, but at that time, most of the Houjin troops were blocked from Shanhaiguan. In 1644 AD, Li Zicheng captured the capital of the Ming Dynasty, Emperor Chongzhen did not retreat until his death, hanged the coal mountain, and the people called this event 'the death of the king'. ”

"This is the source of 'the Son of Heaven guards the country, and the king dies'. Come to think of it, among the dynasties of the past dynasties, there are not many royal families with such temperament as the Ming Dynasty. Chen Sheng sighed, and then said, "Heh, it's far away." We just mentioned that this city wall was later expanded by the Ming Dynasty. ”

"It has witnessed the alternation of several generations of history of the Chinese nation, the rise and fall, and I don't know how much blood was poured on this city wall at that time. ”