"Uncle Feng, how did the late Qing Dynasty in China carry out the reform of the law at that time?" Hearing Feng Longde's last half of the complaint, Hatsune Miku asked curiously. Pen | fun | pavilion www. ｂｉｑｕｇｅ。 ｉｎｆｏ

"It's a bit long, and it will continue to involve comparisons with the Meiji Restoration in Japan. Feng Longde rubbed the flesh on his forehead, although he had always chatted very happily in this regard, but talking about it for so long also made him feel a little tired," Let's put it this way, the general strategy of the late Qing Dynasty at that time was to rush for success, the first step was to introduce advanced technology from Europe and the United States, not to mention political reform or anything, not to mention ideological and cultural reform, they all wanted to be effective immediately, and it was obvious that it was impossible to achieve immediate results in reforming their thinking, so they first bought muskets and cannons and built modern factories...... As a first step, if you know a little bit about recent history, you will know that the total tonnage of ships of the Beiyang Naval Division in China in the First Sino-Japanese War is about the same as that of Japan, but the war was still lost, so it shows that technology is not the solution to the problem, and this is how political reform finally begins...... After the failure of the Wuxu Reform, the New Culture Movement began in China at the beginning of the 20th century, and in terms of the general strategy of reform, it was not the same style as Japan, one was fast and the other was slow, and in terms of specific strategy, Japan was also slow and slow...... I remember Fukuzawa seems to have said, 'I am not in favor of a constitutional government as soon as possible, but now the consciousness of the common people is not attainable.' He felt that rushing to achieve results would only be counterproductive, and his idea was also very representative, not only in the Japanese academic circles at that time, but also in the Japanese government in general, and they had no confidence in reform at all...... Well, I'll digress again, I remember that the mentality of the leaders of the United States during the Duli Revolution was not much different from the mentality of the leaders during the Meiji Restoration in Japan, and people like Washington had little confidence in whether the American Revolution could succeed at that time, and they always felt that this would not work and that would not work, this was what they had in common, but the result was that the Meiji Restoration in Japan was successful, and the Du Revolution in the United States was also successful, and I always felt that there were some similarities in this, such as ideological consciousness or something...... ”

"That seems to be the case, Uncle Feng. Hatsune Miku spit out his little tongue mischievously, "When I was still living with Sister Xunyin in the outside world to hide our true identities, I also met some Chinese people, and I always felt that they seemed to be acute, as if they were afraid of being late......"

"That's to the point, Hatsune Miku. Feng Longde nodded, "At that time, Huaxia Wanqing was reluctant to change at the beginning, and once the reform started, everyone's temperament was very anxious - not only Kang Youwei was very anxious about reform, but also Emperor Guangxu...... At that time, when the law was changed, the reformers provided more than 200 suggestions, and adopted more than 100 of them, the most important thing was that Kang Youwei believed that 'slow reform is better than fast reform, and small reform is better than big reform'...... Originally, this kind of thinking was already very extreme according to common sense, but at that time, most people still thought that Kang Youwei did not belong to the radical faction, which was called a very conservative one, that is, there were many people who were more anxious than Kang Youwei at that time...... I once read a document that recorded that there was a very famous newspaper at that time, "Shirin Shinpao", which compared the Meiji Restoration and the Wuxu Reform, and thought that the reforms of these people were very extreme, and the radicalism of the Chinese reformers made people all over the world stunned at that time, and the Meiji Restoration could not be compared with the Wuxu Reform at all...... This extreme radicalism of the Chinese people was not only noticed by the whole world at that time, but even the contemporary Japanese people think that the Chinese people are too impatient...... A contemporary Japanese writer once said that the Chinese nation is very different from their Japanese nation, they are very powerful in doing anything, and once they do it, no one can stop it, but everything they do is very extreme......

"Acute son...... To be honest, Uncle Feng, you are sometimes quite impatient, but it seems that because Uncle Feng is of Chinese German descent rather than Chinese descent, it doesn't seem particularly obvious?" Hatsune Miku nodded and said suddenly.

"Perhaps, I sometimes have a nervous moment, but that has to be very emotional, otherwise I feel like I'm still quite slow. Feng Longde shrugged his shoulders and replied, then licked the inside of his mouth with his tongue and continued his story: "By the way, there is also the philosophical concept - why do the elites of the two countries take different approaches to political strategy? I think it has a lot to do with the political culture and philosophical philosophy of the two countries...... Generally speaking, the dominant idea in Japan at that time was very simple, that is, to save Japan itself, and there was nothing else to mess with, while Huaxia did not, he not only wanted to save Huaxia himself, but also wanted to save the whole world, and this was a fundamental difference...... First of all, the Chinese Datong world view is quite speechless, Kang Youwei's "Book of Datong" and the ancient Chinese "Book of Rites" in the Datong thought has a lot in common, so the deep political culture of China is closely related to the reform of China, Kang Youwei's Datong thought is to eliminate national boundaries and eliminate family boundaries in the world in order to achieve the goal of world harmony...... This kind of thinking makes many people very incomprehensible to Kang Youwei's Datong thought at that time, and European and American scholars, including some Chinese scholars, can't imagine that the situation in China was so bad at that time, and what kind of Datong world was proposed at the moment when the country was in danger, and it had to be a lot of virgins to get this step...... However, judging from the situation at that time, the vast majority of intellectuals and even political elites in China agreed with this idea of Datong, which also included Sun Yat-sen...... But the situation in Japan is completely different, Fukuzawa said at the time, 'The Chinese nation is very pitiful, many ethnic groups have bullied the Chinese people in history, but the Chinese are still so good to others, so Japan must not learn from China.' ’...... I have to say that reading Fukuzawa's words reminds me of some things that China did after World War II - during World War II, Japan occupied China and some other Asian countries, and after the war, China was the only country in Asia that did not receive any war reparations from Japan...... This refers not only to the Huadu government, but also to the Taipei government...... According to Premier Zhou Enlai's statement at that time, the Huadu government said that China and Japan should be friendly for generations to come, and the war reparations should be forgotten, and the Taipei government also said so, and the slogan they put forward was to repay grievances with virtue...... 'The Japanese bullied us, but we don't hold grudges, we will be good to you', Huaxia is the only Asian country to do this, North Korea and other Asian countries have received varying degrees of reparations, only Huaxia does not, and it is the ...... that voluntarily gave up."

“...... Yes, Uncle Feng, I was quite puzzled when I knew these things, and I didn't understand why the Huaxia people did this......" Hatsune Miku said suspiciously, brushing the ends of his hair hanging down from his forehead, obviously like Feng Longde, unable to understand why this situation occurred.

"I have discussed this issue for a long time with our own Chinese German circle, Russians and many Chinese Americans in the Iron and Blood Society, and at that time, many brothers in our Iron and Blood Society believed that the Chinese government gave up the reparations for strategic reasons, and there was an overseas Chinese German who lived and studied abroad most of the time from childhood to adulthood and only returned to China occasionally. He did not know much about China because of his own experience, and he believed that the Chinese did not ask for reparations from Japan because they were too busy, and the Communist Party and the Nationalist Army were busy fighting each other and did not have time to ask for war reparations...... In other words, on the European and American side, no one accepts and understands the explanations of the two governments, and no one believes the words of the two governments...... Political scientists believe that the Chinese government in the 70s did not want war reparations because they wanted to use Japan, so the Chinese government's approach can only be understood by the Chinese, and no one in Europe and the United States can understand it, even if we Germans who have also lived on the land of China for thousands of years can only understand it a little...... On the other hand, in Japan, the Japanese do not have this inexplicable idea of Datong, and Fukuzawa also said that you must not learn from Huaxia, otherwise it will be too easy to lose your heart for the sake of face. Feng Longde spread his hands and said, then rubbed his shoulders separately, "In addition, there is a difference in philosophical concepts, that is, the Chinese people have a monistic thought, and their ideology believes that the truth in the world has a source and a root. That is, there is a truth. There is also a corresponding power, and to hold the truth should be to have power, and it is clear from Fukuzawa's work that Japan does not have this kind of monistic thinking at all: 'The history of Japan is not the same as that of China, where people are afraid of those who are powerful, not respected, and people are not afraid of those who are respected. This means that people respect the emperor but do not fear the emperor, who has no power, and people fear the shoguns, but the parents and generals are not respected...... That is to say, among the leadership, some leaders are feared, some leaders are respected, and there is no leader that people both respect and fear, that is, it is not monistic thinking; and this is not the case in China, as a leader, it must be both respected and feared, and this aspect should be related to the ancient political structure of China, because the Son of Heaven in China is different from the emperor of Japan, the emperor of Japan has no actual power, and the Son of Heaven in China not only represents power but also represents the truth, and a good emperor must be respected and feared, and this culture is completely absent in Japan。 ”

"I see, that's the case...... Hatsune Miku nodded suddenly, she sometimes wondered why the Huaxia people had such thoughts, but through Feng Longde's simple description, Hatsune Miku understood at least seven or eight points, "So Uncle Feng, are there other factors that affect the failure and success of the Wuxu Reform in the late Huaxia Dynasty and the Meiji Restoration in Japan?"

"Of course there is, Hatsune Miku. Feng Longde shrugged his shoulders, if he usually reads books and materials when he rests, in addition to browsing the massive materials transmitted by Caroline in the heart of his soul, he also often reads the various historical classics he has purchased and collected before, so he can naturally look at a certain historical issue from a considerable perspective, "There is another point, that is, Japan learned a lot of things from China in ancient times, but there is a very important thing that has not been learned, that is, the imperial examination- In the imperial examinations in China, no matter how poor a person may be, as long as he can read the scriptures and write well, he can still become a prime minister, while in Japan and Korea, I am afraid that only nobles are allowed to be officials...... In other words, the Chinese had this peculiar populist ideology, and the concept of aristocracy in China was different from that of the Japanese and Western aristocracy: the nobility in China was a close relative of the emperor, with only a small number of people, while in Europe, the nobility was a social class, or even a completely militarized military class...... From the remarks of Kang Youwei and other intellectuals in China, it is impossible to see the disparagement of the common people at all, but in Japan, the disparagement of the common people in the articles of Fukuzawa and these people is obvious, believing that 'you must not be polite to those stupid ordinary people', and their atmosphere at that time was to 'praise the government and belittle the people'...... This is the difference between populist politics and meritocracy, which in disguise has influenced the two countries to be almost identical, but the reforms have produced two completely different results...... Not only that, but there is also a strong sense of morality in the remarks of Chinese intellectuals, and whatever they say must be related to morality; while in Japan, especially these people, represented by Fukuzawa, do not have a serious tendency to be morally centristic, and they believe that morality is useless, and they are not guilty of packaging everything they want to do in a high-sounding manner; in addition, with regard to populist politics and elite politics, it can be seen from the relevant remarks of different historical figures in the two countries that Japan practices meritocracy and thinks that the common people are stupid; while in ChinaThe intellectuals and political elites did not belittle the common people – this may have something to do with Mencius's thought, because Mencius believed that the common people were the most important, followed by the community, and finally the monarch. ”

"Well......" After Feng Longde finished saying a long paragraph, Hatsune Miku rubbed his temples, "Uncle Feng, do you think it is like some of the situations in Huaxia at that time...... Is there a problem with everything?"