In the battle to defend the city in the history of the Warring States Period, there was a situation that was very careful, that is, there was no food and grass inside, and there were no reinforcements outside.

This can also be said to be a taboo on the defending side.

Because even throughout history, there are only a few examples of people who want to finally win the battle to defend the city under this premise, although it is not unique.

And the battle of the Shangdang is not an example of this victory. Because at that time, when the Qin State launched the Shangdang Campaign, the Han army led by Feng Ting was captured by Bai Qi because of the Yewang, and in fact it had become an enclave.

Of course, in the case of being able to take advantage of Zhao, South Korea can still support Shangdang.

But it is conceivable that if South Korea can do this, Feng Ting will not order to take refuge in Zhao State, and it is not a successful plan to drive the tiger and devour the wolf for South Korea.

......

In 262 BC, Wu Anjun of Qin attacked Han and took Yewangyi. The road between the party and the mainland of Korea was cut off. South Korea sent Yang Chengjun to Qin State to apologize for his sins, and cut off the party's land to ask for peace. On the other hand, Han Yang was dispatched to inform Shangdang Jin Huang to evacuate Shangdang, but Jin Huang refused, and King Han Huan Hui sent Feng Ting to take his place.

A month after Feng Ting arrived in Shangdang, he said to his officials: "The road between Shangdang and Korea has been interrupted, and the army of Qin is advancing every day, and our country cannot cope with it, so it is better to send Shangdang to Zhao State." Zhao accepted us, Qin would definitely attack Zhao, and Zhao would definitely get close to Korea if Qin attacked us. Han and Zhao will definitely be able to fight against Qin. So he sent a messenger to Zhao and asked King Zhao Xiaocheng: "I can't keep the party in Korea, and I have decided to cede it to Qin, but the local people are unwilling to accept Qin's rule, but are willing to be Zhao's subjects." Now Shangdang has seventeen cities, and the ministers are willing to dedicate themselves wholeheartedly to the king, and I hope that the king can dispose of them at his discretion. ”

King Zhao was very happy and told Zhao Bao about this, and Zhao Bao said: "The minister heard, 'The sage thinks that if you are denied a chance, you will definitely invite disaster. ’”

King Zhao said: "They admire the righteousness of the widow, how can they be regarded as having no chance to receive it?"

Zhao Bao replied: "In order to encroach on the land of Korea, the Qin State deliberately cut off the communication between the Shangdang and South Korea, thinking that in this way it can take the Shangdang lightly. The reason why South Korea has dedicated its party to our country is an attempt to transfer the scourge of war to us. The state of Qin suffers from fatigue, while our country enjoys its benefits. If a strong Qin cannot get the party from the hands of a weak Han, how can a weak country get the party from a strong Qin, and how can it be said that it was an unexpected gain? It is better not to accept it. ”

King Zhao told this to Zhao Sheng, the king of Pingyuan, and Zhao Sheng asked for acceptance. King Zhao sent Zhao Sheng to receive Shangdang.

Zhao Guo named Feng Ting as Huayang Jun, gave 30,000 to the households, made his county order a marquis, gave 1,000 to each household, and the officials were all knighted by three levels. Feng Ting was very sad when he heard this, and when he didn't see the envoy of Zhao, he said, "I can't bear to sell the country's land and use it as my own money!"

Later, Feng Ting successively fought with the Zhao generals Lian Po and Zhao Kuo against the Qin army, and finally died in Changping.

......

If we count the Han army in Shangdang under Feng Ting's command of about 50,000 to 100,000, then the total strength of the Zhao-Han coalition army should be between 500,000 and 600,000.

This means that the Qin army did not strictly have an advantage in terms of strength before the decisive battle.

But if there are too many troops, then it is undoubtedly a lifeline for the grain pressure of Zhao State.

In addition, during the war, it is very likely that the counties and towns of Shangdang also needed to supply grain from Zhao, so it is possible that in terms of grain supply at its peak, Zhao needed to supply grain for a population of more than 600,000 to less than 900,000 for a considerable period of time.

This has become a very serious problem. That is, it is possible that the Qi State is not completely unwilling to refuse because of the matter of borrowing grain to the Qin State, but the amount of grain and grass at this time, it is difficult for the Qi State itself to come up.

And since the Qi State can't take it out, let alone the Yan State, the Wei State and even South Korea, which has greatly reduced its strength, can take out this amount of rations alone.

Therefore, in many cases, when Zhao decided to stalemate with Qin, or Zhao decided to take over the party, it can be said that the result was doomed.

But can Zhao Guo not agree to this request?

Yes, but Shangdang, as a barrier for the Zhao State to resist the military pressure of the Qin State in the southwest, it is difficult for anyone to refuse such a temptation.

Just like the situation when Ukraine intends to join the European Union in the future, why Russia will not hesitate to tear its skin to support Ukraine's local armed forces, or even "covertly" intervene in the situation in Ukraine.

Because Ukraine is a barrier for Russia to resist the oppression of military power in the European direction of NATO.

............................................................ Dividing line ..........................................

In April 2014, demonstrations and protests erupted in several regions of southeastern Ukraine by Russians and pro-Russian forces in Ukraine, instigated by the Russian government, to protest against the coup d'état by pro-American forces in Ukraine to overthrow the Yanukovych regime. Pro-American forces and extreme right-wingers in Ukraine have cracked down on protesters, especially in the southwestern Odessa region, causing bloodshed that has resulted in the deaths of more than 50 ethnic Russian demonstrators.

It provoked a revolt by ethnic Russians in several southeastern oblasts, which turned into an armed conflict in early May.

The Ukrainian authorities sent military force to suppress it, which turned into a large-scale war, until early September, when the Ukrainian military suffered heavy losses, several formed units were severely damaged or crushed, and the pro-Russian opposition in the southeast also suffered heavy casualties, and the two sides ceasefired, mediated by Russia and the European Union. However, small and medium-scale conflicts continue and have not stopped.

As of December 2014, more than 4,700 civilians in southeastern Ukraine had died, and data on losses by the Ukrainian military and rebels are not available, and reports from both warring sides vary widely.

According to a report by the Russian Interfax news agency on July 17, in recent days, the militia in eastern Ukraine repelled the offensive actions of government forces and launched a counterattack. On the 17th, government troops abandoned four settlements near Luhansk and withdrew to the west. The militia is confident that they will restore control over the city of Slavyansk in the short term.

ITAR-TAS reported that the Ukrainian militia group said that the commander of the 24th Ukrainian Motorized Infantry Brigade, Colonel Pavliuko, abandoned his troops and fled on the 17th. At present, the troops are completely out of control, the soldiers have abandoned their weapons and fled across the border to Russia, and about 100 wounded soldiers have been sent to Russian hospitals for treatment.

The sudden change in the situation of the battle was confirmed by the Ukrainian side. According to the Ukrainian "Reporter" website on the 17th, citing a source in the Ukrainian powerful department, it was reported that in recent days, the Ukrainian army has suffered heavy losses in the conflict, and more than 200 servicemen of the 72nd Motorized Infantry Brigade were killed in the city of Izvalino alone. At present, there are not only the 72 motorized infantry brigades, but also the 79 airmobile brigades and the 24 motorized infantry brigades under the encirclement of the militia.

Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko ordered an investigation into the failure of a special force operation to restore control of the border between Ukraine and Russia, a senior source in the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine told RIA Novosti on August 7.

The source investigating the criminal case said: "All circumstances of the failure of the special operation are currently being investigated by order of President Petro Poroshenko." The Security Service of Ukraine confiscated all planning documents related to the resumption of the operation of border control with Russia in Ukraine. Officers of the General Directorate of Operations of the General Staff and the Command of the Anti-Terrorist Operation are being interrogated. All this is covered up with a fake criminal case of buying defective body armor. “

He said that 3,500 Ukrainian servicemen who had previously been blockaded in Donetsk Oblast and Russia were missing and that they may have died. He said there was little hope that someone who had previously fallen into the military encirclement would survive. In the last two weeks, only four groups of 7 to 8 people have come out of the encirclement.

A source in the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine added: "Parubi, the main author of the idea of allowing our country's most combat-ready army to lightning restore control of the border with Russia, is out. As usual, politicians will not be responsible. “

The secretary of Ukraine's National Security and Defense Council, Andrei Parubi, said on August 7 that he had submitted his resignation. The president's press secretary said Proshenko had accepted Parubi's resignation, but he would remain on the team.

Phoenix.com reported on August 14 that the 72nd Brigade of the Ukrainian Army was destroyed, and there was no trace of this unit even in the satellite images of the Ukrainian military. The 79th Brigade, the 24th Brigade, and the 51st Brigade broke through partially, and partly regrouped in the center. So far, there are reports that more than 5,000 Ukrainian soldiers have been killed or wounded in the war in eastern Ukraine.

The well-known American media Daily Beast reported on August 12 that the Ukrainian government army's attack on the southern part of Luhansk Oblast, near the Russian-Ukrainian border, in July was a complete failure, and since July, more than 10,000 troops have been besieged by rebels every day, as well as covered by Russian-style artillery fire. It was only recently that some Ukrainian units successfully broke through.

According to the data provided by the Russian side and other aspects, the 79th Brigade, 24th Brigade, 51st Brigade, 72nd Brigade and the Third Frontier Regiment of the Ukrainian Army were besieged, according to Russian statistics, more than 3,500 people were killed or missing, hundreds fled to Russia, not including more wounded and sick.

The English version of Russia's TASS news agency reported on August 24 that on the battlefield at the junction of the two states, in the Izvarine region of southeast Donetsk Oblast, the remnants of the 28th Brigade and the 95th Brigade of the Ukrainian Army were surrounded, as well as the remnants of the 30th Brigade that broke through from the southeast of Luhansk Oblast, plus the remnants of the 24th Remnant Brigade, the remnants of the 51st Brigade and a number of independent National Guards and mercenaries, a total of 7,000 people were surrounded by militia.

On August 27, a mass demonstration broke out in Kyiv, the capital of Ukraine, with protesters gathering in front of President Petro Poroshenko's office to demand that the government rescue four volunteer combat battalions (brigades) besieged by armed forces in the east. It is alleged that the four volunteer combat battalions of the "Donbass", "Milotvonets", "Kherson" and "Dnieper-1" battalions have been surrounded by eastern militias in the small town of Izvarine on the Ukrainian-Russian border for 15 days.

Russia's Lifenes TV reported on August 31 that in the southeast encirclement of Donetsk, more than 900 Ukrainian troops have surrendered their weapons and surrendered in the past few days, and the militia has allowed 28 of them to return to the areas controlled by the Ukrainian government.

RIA Novosti reported on August 31 that the militia launched an offensive on the night of the 30th in the Starobeshevo area of the southeastern encirclement of Donetsk, the Ukrainian National Guard, destroying a number of Ukrainian tanks and armor, 198 Ukrainian soldiers surrendered and regained three settlements. At the same time, the Donetsk militia handed over 223 prisoners of war to the Ukrainian government.

Ukrainian media website VOLYNPOST reported on August 30 that more than 500 people of the remnants of the 51st Brigade of the Ukrainian army tried to break through last night, but only 16 people succeeded in breaking through, and the rest were either killed or captured.

The English edition of the Kyiv Post reported on September 1 that only 54 people of the Donbas brigade besieged in the Donetsk region managed to break through.

RIA Novosti reported on September 1 that in the fighting from August 30 to 31, more than 400 remnants of the Donbas brigade, the main force of the Ukrainian army besieged in Donetsk, were annihilated by the militia, of which 35 were killed, more than 70 were wounded, and more than 330 were captured, and only a few dozen people could break out.

It was reported on September 1 that after a two-day general offensive, the militia recaptured the Luhansk airport, and the remnants of the 80th Airmobile Regiment of the Ukrainian army were 113 people, 100 were killed and 13 were captured.

......

What can be seen from the above report is that Ukraine, as a country that already poses a serious threat to Russia, naturally does not want such an "anti-bone" to be born.

And also more importantly, that in terms of military strength, Ukraine is no longer a level of rival compared to Russia, which has recovered its national strength.

If it weren't for the fact that the situation in Ukraine was too big and Russia could not directly send troops, then Ukraine would probably become a "union republic" of the "CIS" again.

......

And to what extent has Russia's national strength been restored?

There is one thing that can also be illustrated. That's when Turkey shot down a Russian warplane:

After the downing of the fighter, Russia began to strengthen its military in Syria, deploying the S-400 anti-aircraft missile system, and will send another 10-12 fighters. At the same time, Russian Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev launched an "all-out economic war" against Turkey.

Putin signed a presidential decree imposing large-scale sanctions on Turkey, including tourism, trade, and people-to-people exchanges. Russian President Vladimir Putin twice refused to answer phone calls from the Turkish president.

On December 3, 2015, Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Çavuşoğlu and Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov held a 40-minute meeting in Belgrade.

After the talks, Lavrov said: "We met with Foreign Minister Çavuşoğlu at his request. But we didn't hear anything new. The Turkish Foreign Minister made clear the position of the Turkish president, which has been publicly stated. We have also clarified the views we have held from the very beginning of the incident. ”

Çavuşoğlu also believes that "the two sides have not resolved any issues, and the situation remains serious." ”

However, the end result ended with Turkish admittance:

On June 27, 2016, both Russian and Turkish officials announced that Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan had sent a letter of apology to Russian President Vladimir Putin for the shooting down of a Russian Su-24 fighter jet by Turkey in November last year. The Turkish president apologized to Putin for shooting down a Russian warplane: I'm sorry.

Why did Erdogan apologize?

Almost all analyses agree: Turkey needs Russia.

According to Russia's "Independent", Naumkin, an expert at the Institute of Far Eastern Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, said: "At present, Erdogan basically has no allies and friends, and Turkey's relations with many countries have deteriorated sharply." ”

The Russian Federal News Network said on the 28th that because of the Kurdish armed issue, Turkey's relations with the United States have deteriorated, and because Germany has recognized the massacre of Armenians by the Ottoman Turkish Empire, Turkey's relations with Germany are cold, and the possibility of joining the European Union at this stage is very small. Turkey, on the other hand, is still in fact at war with Syria. “

At present, Turkey is largely isolated from the international community. It was in this situation that Erdogan had to apologize to Russia. ”

"Turkey is in the loneliest moment in history", the US "New York Times" quoted European Council foreign relations expert Aydin Tasbas as saying on the 28th that Turkey's strategy of "zero problems with neighbors" has actually become a problem with all neighbors, and "Qatar and Saudi Arabia seem to be Turkey's only real friends."

And in the case of Russia, "economic factors prevail over political posturing."

Russia sells oil and gas to Turkey, which receives more than 3 million Russian tourists a year, the expert said. Russia is the second largest source of tourism in Turkey, with Germany taking first place. The sharp decline in tourists has seriously affected the Turkish economy.

Tip: Computer access into mobile phone login m.