Whether it is the Battle of Changping or the Battle of Guandu, the corresponding defeat is mainly related to the cutting off of the grain route.

There is also a related description in "Hundred Battles":

Food Wars:

Whoever confronts the enemy, the victory is undecided, and if there is food, he wins. If my grain is to be guarded, lest it be copied by the enemy. If the enemy's salary is passed, it can be divided into sharp soldiers to destroy it. If the enemy has no food, his soldiers will go, and if they attack him, they will win. Fa said: "If the army has no food, it will die." ”

At the end of the Han Dynasty, Cao Cao and Yuan Shao held each other in Guandu. Shao sent the army to transport grain, so that Chun Yuqiong and other five people sent more than 10,000 soldiers to it, and stayed forty miles north of Shaoying. Shao Mouchen Xu Yu greedy for money, Shao can not be enough, run back to Cao, because Cao said: "Today Yuan Shao has more than 10,000 heavy weights, and lack of strict preparations, now with light troops to attack it, burn its accumulation, but three days, Yuan self-defeated." "Left and right are suspicious, Xun Yu and Jia Xu persuade them. It is to leave Cao Hongshou, since the general foot cavalry 5,000 people, all with the banner of the Yuan army, the title of the horse, the night from the middle of the road, people bear the salary, the people who have been asked, the language said: "Yuan Gong is afraid to plunder the rear army, send the army to prepare." Those who heard it believed it, and they were all at ease. When it came, it was set on fire, and the camp was in turmoil and defeated. Shao abandoned the armor and fled.

In the case of a situation where the enemy and the enemy are facing each other and the victory is not scored, whoever has food will be able to achieve victory. Therefore, we must send troops to strictly guard our grain transportation routes to prevent the enemy from plundering and cutting them off, and we must send elite troops to cut off the enemy's grain transportation routes. Since the enemy is unable to continue the delivery of food, it will surely flee, and our army will be victorious by taking the opportunity to attack. As the Art of War says, "If an army has no food, it will fail in battle." ”

At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cao Cao and Yuan Shao confronted Guandu. Yuan Shao sent a car to transport grain, and ordered Chun Yuqiong and other five people to lead more than 10,000 armed escorts to escort them, and stay at a place forty miles north of Yuan Shao's military camp. Yuan Shao's adviser Xu You was very greedy for money, and Yuan Shao couldn't satisfy his **, so he betrayed Yuan Shao and surrendered to Cao Cao. Xu You took the opportunity to offer advice to Cao Cao and said: "Now there are more than 10,000 trucks of grain parked in Yuan Shao's grain store, but there is a lack of strict garrison. After listening to Xu You's words, the people around Cao Cao looked at him with suspicion, but the advisers Xun You and Jia Xu persuaded Cao Cao to act according to Xu You's strategy. Therefore, Cao Cao ordered Cao Hong to stay in the camp, and led 5,000 cavalry to replace them with the banner of Yuan's army. On the way, he met an inquirer, so he replied: "Yuan Gong is worried that Cao Cao is plundering the rear of our army, so he sent us to strengthen the garrison. The questioner believed it to be true, as if nothing had happened. After Cao's army successfully arrived, he immediately surrounded his grain storage and set a fire. The grain guard Yuan army was suddenly attacked, and it was immediately in chaos, and was defeated by Cao's army. When Yuan Shao heard the news, he hurriedly abandoned the battle and fled.

Boots:

Whoever fights with the enemy, the mountains and rivers are dangerous, and the roads are straight, they will be guided by the villagers, knowing their benefits, and the battle will be won. Fa said: "If you don't use a village guide, you can't get the geographical advantage." ”

During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the Xiongnu entered the Kou Dynasty and killed and plundered a large number of people. In the spring of the fifth year of Yuan Shuo, Wei Qing rode 30,000 out of the fortress, and the right king of the Xiongnu thought that the Han soldiers could not come here, so he was drunk and lay in the tent. The Han soldiers arrived at night, surrounded, and the right virtuous king was shocked, alone with his beloved concubine, hundreds of cavalry, and fled north at night. Han sent the light cavalry captain Guo Cheng and others to chase 400 miles, and they were able to capture more than 10 kings, more than 15,000 men and women, and millions of livestock and horses. So, Qing led his troops back. To the stop, the Son of Heaven made the messenger hold the seal of the general, that is, the army worships Qing as the general, and all the generals are subordinate to the soldiers, and they return with the number. All use school captains.

Zhang Qian tried to make Great Xia, stayed with the Huns for a long time, led the army, and knew the water and grass well, so that the army could be free from hunger and thirst.

Whenever we fight the enemy, we must use the locals to guide us when the mountains and rivers are flat or dangerous, and when the roads are tortuous or straight, so that we can understand where the terrain is favorable to us, so that we can win the battle when we fight. As the Art of War says: "Those who do not use village guides in battle cannot obtain the help of geographical advantages." ”

During the period of Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty, the Xiongnu invaded the border year after year, and the murder and predators were very serious. In the spring of the fifth year of Yuan Shuo, Emperor Wu ordered Wei Qing to lead 30,000 cavalry north out of the border fortress to counterattack the Xiongnu. At that time, the Xiongnu Youxian King thought that the Han army could not reach his military camp, so he was drunk and lay down in the military tent. The Han army arrived here by night and quickly surrounded the Xiongnu military camp, and the king of Youxian was shocked, alone with his concubine, under the escort of hundreds of cavalry, and fled north overnight. The Han army sent a light cavalry captain Guo Cheng and other generals to pursue him for 400 li, but did not catch up with King Youxian, but captured more than 10 of his generals, more than 15,000 men and women, and captured millions of his livestock. So, Wei Qing led the troops to return triumphantly, and when they arrived at the border, the envoy sent by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty held the seal of the general, and appointed Wei Qing as the general in the military camp, and the rest of the generals were under the command of Wei Qing with their subordinates, and returned with the title.

The Han army's victory in this counterattack against the Xiongnu was due to the use of Zhang Qian, a Han Dynasty captain who had been trapped in the Xiongnu for a long time during the Great Xia Expedition, as a guide, and was familiar with where there were water and grass, so that the Han army was saved from the threat of hunger and thirst.

However, there is a certain problem with the factors of this example, that is, Zhang Qian's help is not decisive, because although Zhang Qian stayed in the Xiongnu for a long time, he was basically under house arrest by the Xiongnu, so his knowledge of the situation of the Xiongnu should be limited.

It's just that relatively speaking, even if Zhang Qian did not understand the geographical environment of the Xiongnu territory in detail, it does not mean that Zhang Qian has no way to solve this problem. The Xiongnu language that Zhang Qian learned during his time as a Xiongnu should be the most crucial.

Zhizhan:

Whoever fights against the enemy, the place where he fights, he will know it. On the day of the solstice, the enemy can come as scheduled, and the battle will be won. If you know the battlefield and the day of the war, you will be prepared and defended. Fa said: "Where you know the war, on the day you know the war, you can fight for thousands of miles." ”

Warring States, Wei and Zhao attacked Han, and Han was in a hurry to Qi. Qi Yongtian Ji will go straight to the beam. Wei General Pang Juan heard about it and went to South Korea and returned. Sun Bin said that Tian Ji said: "The soldiers of the three Jin Dynasty are brave and light, and they are cowardly. Those who are good at fighting are advantaged by their strength. The art of war: those who seek profit for 100 miles will be generalized, and those who will seek profit for 50 miles will be half of the army. Make the Qi army enter Wei for 100,000 stoves, tomorrow for 50,000 stoves, and tomorrow for 30,000 stoves. After chasing for three days, he was overjoyed, and said: "I know that the Qi army is cowardly, and after three days of entering our land, more than half of the soldiers died." "It is to abandon its infantry army, and chase it away with the elite soldiers. Sun Bin spent his trip and went to Maling at dusk. [Maling] road is narrow, and there are many obstacles beside it, but the soldiers can be ambushed, but the big wood is white and the book says: "Pang Juan died under this tree." So he ordered the Qi army's good shooters to lay ambush with ten thousand crossbows. Period said: "When I see the fire at dusk, ten thousand crossbows are fired." "When the night comes, I see the white book under the standing tree, and I drill the candle. Before reading his book, the Qi army was full of crossbows, and the Wei army was in chaos. Juan knew that he was defeated by his own wisdom, but he killed himself.

Whenever an army is to be sent to fight against the enemy, it is necessary to have a clear idea of the place of engagement, and on the day the troops arrive in the war zone, they can also mobilize the enemy to arrive as scheduled, so that the battle against the enemy can be won. By knowing in advance where and when to engage the enemy, you can concentrate on preparing for the enemy and hold on to your defenses. As the Art of War says, "If you can predict the place and time of the battle, you can engage the enemy even if you are thousands of miles apart." ”

During the Warring States period, Wei and Zhao attacked Korea, and Korea urgently appealed to Qi for help. The State of Qi sent Tian Jiwei to lead the army to rescue Han and go straight to the Wei capital of Daliang City. When the Wei general Pang Juan heard the news, he evacuated Korea and returned to Wei. Sun Bin, the first master of Qi, said to Tian Ji: "Their Wei army has always despised the Qi army because of its strength and bravery, and the Qi army is called cowardly and cowardly by them. A commander who is good at using his troops should take advantage of his pride and make it develop in a direction that is beneficial to him. The art of war says: 'Whoever rushes 100 miles to fight the enemy for advantage will be in danger of being lost, and only half of the troops will arrive if he rushes 50 miles to fight the enemy.' Therefore, after the Qi army entered the Wei realm, it should first build 100,000 pot stoves, the second day 50,000 pot stoves, and the third day 30,000 pot stoves. Tian Ji adopted Sun Bin's suggestion. After Pang Juan led the army back to China, he chased the Qi army for three days, and said very happily: "I knew that the Qi army was cowardly, and it was only three days after entering our territory, and more than half of its soldiers had already fled. So, he abandoned his infantry and led the elite cavalry to pursue the Qi army day and night. Sun Bin calculated Pang Juan's itinerary and expected that he should enter Maling when it was dark. The road of Maling is narrow, and there are many dangerous cliffs on both sides, which can ambush the troops, and the Qi army scrapes off the skin of a big tree, and writes in its exposed place: "Pang Juan died under this tree". So, Tian Ji ordered 10,000 archery experts in the Qi army to lie in ambush under the fallen trees on both sides of the road, and promised: "When you see the fire at night, you will shoot 10,000 arrows in a volley." Pang Juan chased to Maling when it was dark, stood under the tree, and found that there were handwriting on the white part of the trunk, so he asked people to light a torch to illuminate the writing place, but before he could finish reading these words, the Qi army suddenly fired ten thousand arrows, and the Wei army suddenly became a mess and lost contact with each other. At this time, Pang Juan knew that he had exhausted his intelligence and that failure was a foregone conclusion, so he committed suicide.

Repulsion:

In all the way of marching, scouts come first. Easy to ride, easy to use. Every five people are a person, and each person holds a white flag, and the military march is left and right from afar, and they continue to wait. If you see a thief, you should come closer and confess to the commander, so that everyone can prepare for it. The law said: "Those who treat those who are not safe win." ”

When Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty, he first rebelled against the Qiang, committed border fortresses, attacked the city, and killed the chiefs. Later, the general Zhao Chongguo, who was more than 70 years old and old, asked the imperial historian Bingji: Who can take the general? Chongguo said: "Those who die more than the old ministers." The dispatch asked, saying: "How is the general Du Qiang, how many people should be used?" The soldiers are difficult to prepare, and the ministers are willing to gallop to Jincheng, omitted above the map. However, Qiang Rong Xiaoyi, betrayed against the sky, and perished not long after, I hope that the old ministers of Your Majesty will not be worried. Shang smiled and said, "No." "To fill the country to Jincheng, you must be full of 10,000 soldiers, and if you want to cross the river, you are afraid that you will be covered by captives. That is, the three colonels were sent to cross the camp first. will be clear, and then the time will be crossed. Qiang rode in and out of the army. Chong Guo said: "Our horses are so sleepy that they can't be chased away." This is all difficult to control, and I am afraid that it will lure soldiers. Defeat Qiang is for a period of annihilation, and small profits are not enough to be greedy. "Don't strike in the army. Send a horse to wait in the Siwang Gorge, there is no Qiang. In the middle of the night, the soldiers went to Luodu, summoned the schools and Sima, and said: "I know that Qiang Rong can't do anything." Let him send thousands of people to guard Du Siwang Gorge, how can the soldiers enter!" "Chongguo often takes distant scouts as his business, and his actions must be prepared for war, and he must strengthen the camp wall, especially to be able to hold on to his weight, love his soldiers, and plan first and then fight." Then the level is zero.

The law of marching and fighting is to reconnoiter the enemy's situation as the first priority. Cavalry is used for reconnaissance in flat and open areas, and infantry is used for reconnaissance in dangerous and narrow areas. Every fifth reconnaissance crew is organized into a first class, each holding a white flag, away from the army, and carrying out continuous reconnaissance in the front, rear, left and right directions. If the enemy is discovered, the news is transmitted from far and near, and the report is reported to the commander-in-chief, and then the troops are ordered to prepare for the enemy in advance. As the Art of War says, "Victory can be achieved by using our prepared army against an unprepared enemy." ”

During the period of Emperor Xuan of the Western Han Dynasty, Xian Lingqiang and other troops launched a rebellion, invaded the border fortress, attacked the towns, and killed officials. At this time, the general Zhao Chongguo was already over seventy years old, and Emperor Xuan thought that he was old, so he sent the imperial historian Bingji to ask him who could lead his troops to quell the rebellion, and Zhao Chongguo replied: "There is no one who can surpass me." The envoy sent by Emperor Xuan asked again: "The general estimates what the current situation of the Qiang soldiers is, and how many soldiers should we send?" Zhao Chongguo replied: "It is better to see it with your own eyes than to hear it." The situation of the war is difficult to estimate far from the front line, and I am willing to rush to the front line of Jincheng at once, draw up a military map on the spot, draw up a strategy for attacking according to the enemy's situation, and report it to Your Majesty. However, the first Lingqiang is a small tribe that rebelled against the will of heaven, and its demise will not be long in coming. I hope that Your Majesty will entrust me with the task of counterinsurgency, and please do not worry about this matter. After hearing this, Emperor Xuan smiled and said, "Okay!" Zhao Chongguo arrived in Jincheng, and after gathering 10,000 cavalry, he planned to cross the Yellow River, but he was afraid of being blocked and intercepted by the Qiang soldiers, so he sent the troops of the three schools to quietly cross the Yellow River at night, and immediately set up camp after crossing the river. By dawn, the Han army had all crossed the Yellow River in turn. They found hundreds of Qiang cavalry in and out of the vicinity of the Han army. Zhao Chongguo said to the soldiers: "Our men and horses have just arrived, and they can't attack to drive away the Qiang soldiers because of fatigue. These Qiang soldiers are brave cavalry that are difficult to defeat, and they are afraid that they are luring people to the bait. The purpose of striking at the enemy is to annihilate the living forces, and small profits are not worth coveting. So, he ordered the Han army not to attack at will. Subsequently, Zhao Chongguo sent cavalry to Siwangzhai to reconnoitre, but did not find the enemy, so he led the army into the Luodu Valley by night, summoned the commanders of the schools, and said: "Now I know that the Qiang people will not use soldiers. If they had sent thousands of troops to defend Siwangzhai, how could our troops have been able to enter!" "The characteristic of Zhao Chongguo's use of troops to fight wars is that he often regards sending troops to reconnoiter the enemy's situation from a distance as an important task, and he must be prepared for battle when marching and build a strong camp when stationed. What is especially valuable is that he can be cautious in warfare, love to nurse soldiers, and plan well before sending troops to attack. As a result, he was able to successfully put down the rebellion of Xian Lingqiang.