Chapter 53

Before Zhang Jiashi crossed over, he once played some games about history with his classmates. Pinshu.com

And after the crossing, Zhang Jiashi recalled some details and couldn't help but think that the castle had its own advantages.

Bai Qi believes that castles are more advantageous than cities in some aspects.

Because the manpower and material resources required to build a castle are, in many ways, more economical than that of a castle.

Zhang Jiashi knew that Bai Qiruo was from a purely military point of view, why he would prefer the castle as a defensive method.

This is because the castle has a relatively large deterrent to nearby defenses, and a castle requires a relatively small number of defenders.

If you simply maintain local stability and deal with enemies that are not too strong, the castle has a great advantage.

For example, in terms of "Nobunaga's Ambition" played by Zhang Jiashi, why Japanese castles will endure in Japanese history has its inevitability.

......

Japanese castles have a history of nearly 2,000 years from the end of B.C. to modern times, and their main purpose is to protect them from enemies, so most of them are sturdy and practical. Japanese castles have gone through four stages of development, which is not only the final product of the long-term military development of various parts of Japan, but also a witness to Japan's military transformation from ancient times to the present, and it records the history of Japan's wars from another side.

At the beginning of the Yayoi period in Japan, Japan began to enter a period of war and chaos on an increasingly large scale.

This was a time when war was beginning to emerge. At this time, "facilities" for the purpose of defending against foreign enemies began to become necessary.

Due to the tense relations with China and Korea at the time, the Kyushu region was dominated by earthen water castles, which were the oldest castles in Japan.

And the famous battle of this period was the "Battle of Baijiangkou".

The Battle of Baekgang Estuary, also known as the Battle of Baekchon River, refers to a water battle fought between the Tang Dynasty and Silla and the Japanese and Baekje forces at the mouth of the Baekgang River (present-day the mouth of the Geumgang River in South Korea) from August 27 to August 28, 663. In 663 AD, the Japanese army engaged in a fierce naval battle at the mouth of the Baekje Baekgang River. Tang commanded Liu Renliang to change the formation, divided into two teams, left and right, and surrounded the Japanese army, whose ships collided with each other and could not maneuver, and the soldiers were in chaos. In the end, all the Japanese warships were burned, and tens of thousands of Japanese soldiers were killed or drowned.

In this battle, the Tang Dynasty naval army gave full play to its own advantages and defeated the Japanese naval army, which was several times larger than itself in terms of strength and ships, which can be called a classic water battle in which fewer won more.

This battle was the first battle between China and Japan as state entities, and it was also the earliest known international battle in Northeast Asia, and the final result of the victory of the Tang Dynasty and Silla forces basically established the political, economic, and cultural pattern of Northeast Asia for more than 1,000 years.

In 655 AD, the Silla Kingdom filed a complaint with the Tang court, saying that Goguryeo, Baekje, and Jeonja had joined forces to capture more than 30 cities in Silla. The Tang court issued an edict to persuade peace, but did not listen.

As the arbiter of the empire, the Tang court sent Su Dingfang, the general of the Left Guard, and others to lead troops to attack in 660 AD. At that time, the Tang Dynasty had just captured the Western Turkic Khan Ashina Helu, and divided the Western Turks into two parts, setting up Kunling and Mengchi Governor's Mansion. When the Turkic problem in the north was resolved, the Tang Dynasty naturally had to "cook" Goguryeo and Baekje, which were jumping up and down the Korean Peninsula.

Siege Wei to save Zhao and cut off one side. The Tang army did not directly rescue Silla, but concentrated its forces on attacking Baekje, an accomplice of Goguryeo. Baekje, like Goguryeo, was "Buyeo other species", and the king at that time was Buyeo Yoshitsu.

The Tang army crossed the sea from Seongsan Mountain, broke the Baekje army at the Xiongjin Pass, and conquered the capital city, destroyed the main force of the Baekje army, and "beheaded more than 10,000 people and allocated its city". The king of Baekje, Fuyu Yici, and the crown prince Fuyu Long, fled in panic and fled into a small city in the north to take refuge, and were surrounded by the Tang army of Su Dingfang. Buyeo Tae, the second son of Buyeo Yoshiki, had a big idea, and took advantage of his father and brother's flight to establish himself as the king and lead the people to defend Baekje Castle.

Fuyu Wensi, the grandson of Buyeo Yici, said to the people on the left and right: "Now that the king and the prince are here, Uncle Wang has established himself as the king, even if the Tang soldiers retreat, my father and son will be killed by Uncle Wang!" In a panic, Fuyu Wensi led the left and right to "go out with the city", and the people in the city saw that Wang Taisun was like this, and they also followed, and Fuyu Tai could not stop even killing several people. In desperation, Buyeo Tai surrendered, and the capital of Baekje fell. Soon, the Tang army arrested the father and son of the king of Baekje, Fuyu Yici, and 58 chieftains of Baekje, all of whom were escorted to Chang'an. "Pingqi king's department, thirty-seven counties, three hundred cities, seven hundred and sixty thousand households. "The Tang Dynasty set up five prefectures in Baekje, including Xiongjin and Mahan, and chose their chiefs to govern. In October of the same year, a group of prisoners were taken to the capital, and "the edict was not punished".

Buyeo Yici is also unlucky, originally this person is filial piety, very famous, and has the reputation of "Haidong Zengzi". Before the war, Tang Gaozong also issued an edict to advise: "...... It is advisable for the king and the city to be returned, and the prisoners of Silla should be returned to the king. It is not as good as the edict, let the king fight a decisive battle, and I will send the Khitan countries and go deeper. Wang Ke thinks about it, and has no regrets. ”

The king of Baekje always thought that the Tang soldiers would not go out lightly and continue to be an accomplice of Goguryeo.

Unexpectedly, as soon as Su Dingfang's generals came out, Baekje was immediately shattered, and he himself was captured alive and traveled thousands of miles to blame Chang'an. Soon, Fuyu Yici died of illness, Tang Ting showed grace, gave Wei Weiqing, and allowed his captured old ministers to mourn, "the edict buried Sun Hao, Chen Shubao tomb left"

This move is meaningful, both are subordinates, and the end is the same, and they will not die in the end.

After the destruction of Baekje, the Tang Dynasty army returned with a brigade, leaving Lang general Liu Renyuan to lead thousands of Tang soldiers to stay in Baekje City, and sent Zuo Weilang general Wang Wendu as the governor of Xiongjin. Halfway to the post, Wang Wendu fell ill and died, and was replaced by Liu Renliang.

Buyeo Fushin, the cousin of the Baekje king Buyeo Yoshiki, had already surrendered to the Tang army, but when he saw the main force of the Tang army returning to China, he became a thief and joined forces with a monk named Daochen to gather the old people of Baekje in Zhouliucheng to rebel. Soon, Baekje "responded to the west" and rebelled against the city to support Buyeofeng. The armies gathered, but instead surrounded the Tang Army's Liu Renyuan's remaining legions in Baekje City. [11-12]

The Tang court issued an edict and appointed Liu Renliang to inspect the school with Fang Assassin Shi, and the old department of Wang Wendu and the Silla army joined forces to rescue Liu Renyuan. The Tang and New allied forces fought all the way to Baekje City. The monk Daochen built two huge fortresses on the side of the Xiongjin River, and Liu Renliang led the crowd to attack, and the Baekje army was defeated, and he retired to Renxiaocheng. [11]

In 661 AD, the Tang general Su Dingfang attacked Goguryeo again, but the Tang army had to be divided into divisions due to heavy snow and extreme cold.

However, Liu Renliang said that he would continue to hold on to Baekje, and Gojong felt that Liu Renliang was reasonable, so he let the Tang army continue to stay in Baekje City to hold on. Liu Renliang was the first to surprise the troops, the first to take the lead, and led the army to take the lead in destroying the Zhenxian Chengguo Zhencen built by Fuyu Fuxin, although this city was "near the river and high land", the Tang army attacked overnight and broke through in one fell swoop, "then through the road of Silla grain transportation".

And there was a fire inside Baekje. The Baekje prince Buyeo Feng became more and more unable to endure the domineering of his cousin Buyeo Fukushin, and Buyeo Fushin was killed. Therefore, Liu Renshi, Liu Renyuan, and the Silla king Kim Famin led the army, and Liu Renliang and the previously subordinated Baekje prince Buyeo Long led the naval army, starting from the Xiongjin River, advancing by land and water, and heading straight to the mouth of the Baekjiang River, preparing to join forces to directly pound Zhou Jiancheng.

In August 663 AD, Liu Ren's naval army took the lead in marching to the mouth of the Baijiang River. Soon, more than 400 ships of the Japanese Navy also sailed to the site. On the wide water, the Tang and Japanese armies confronted each other.

After Liu Renyuan returned to Chang'an, Gaozong asked him about the situation, and the general was not specialized, indicating that the main commander of the campaign and the main personification of the seal were Liu Renliang.

Gaozong "deeply admired it, because of the sixth-order super-plus (Liu) benevolence, he was awarded the history of Fangzhou Thorn, and gave the capital a district. Liu Renliang did not dare to slack off. He pacified the remnants of Baekje, strengthened his troops in the fields, and stockpiled food to raise the soldiers, preparing for the next step in the war to destroy Goryeo. At the same time, he continued to play the performance, saying that the land of Baekje should not be abandoned lightly, "Your Majesty has Baekje, and if you want to take Goryeo, you must be concentric outside and inside, and you must have all the best plans to succeed in ......" Gojong accepted his words.

In 668 AD, the Tang Dynasty general Li Tao was a teacher, and under the guidance of the spring boys, he set foot on Goryeo in one fell swoop, and finally completed the unfinished business of Emperor Yang of Sui and Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, collecting 176 cities and 690,000 households. The Tang Dynasty placed the Andong Protectorate, leaving more than 20,000 Tang soldiers including the general Xue Rengui in Pyongyang, and Goryeo eventually became the Tang Dynasty's rule. Because the king of Goryeo, Gaozang, has always been a puppet, the Tang court pardoned him but did not punish him, and also named him Siping Taichangbo, and only exiled the stubborn Quan Nanjian to the wild land of Qianzhou.

The two sides fought together. The Tang army won all four battles and won consecutive victories on land and water. Although the Tang army had an absolute disadvantage in terms of numbers, China's shipbuilding technology during the Sui and Tang dynasties was still very superb, with high and strong walls and excellent design, compared with the Japanese warships, which were naturally simple and shabby. At that time, the Japanese slaves had not yet learned from China, and the technology was very backward, and the quality of the armor of the soldiers was not good.

The most important point is that Liu Renliang is naturally familiar with the matter of "burning red cliffs", and the Japanese slaves were not as proficient in Chinese allusions and military books as they were after the Tang Dynasty, and more than 400 broken wooden boats were huddled together like maggots. Burned to death and choked to death, plus abandoned ships and drowned, more than 10,000 Japanese slave soldiers all sank to the bottom of the Baijiang estuary.

The sea was defeated, and the Baekje and Uno armies could not resist the attack of the Tang and New coalition forces, and they were killed on their backs. Fuyufeng escaped and fled, and the Tang army finally "got its sword", and this "Baekje King" didn't know what to do, and the world evaporated. The brothers Buyeo Tadasheng and Buyeo Tadashi, the Baekje royal family who refused to defend the city, knew that the general situation had gone, and led the defenders, scholars and daughters in the city, as well as the unkilled Japanese slave generals, "to surrender for a while". At that time, the Japanese people did not have the idea of bushido, and a series of small army generals all knelt in the mud, and listened to the Tang army and the Silla army. 50,000 or 60,000 Japanese slave troops, the dead and wounded, the surrendered, and the run.

After the destruction of Baekje, the Wa Kingdom took in many Baekje refugees, and at the same time. The antagonism between Tang and Silla increased. Under this influence, Emperor Tenchi enacted a set of laws and regulations called the Omi Order, which quickly reorganized the entire national system. When Emperor Tenmu came to power, he decreed the Asuka Jogohara Decree and the Ritsuryo Law, which quickly transformed Japan into a Ritsuryo state. Then, in 701, due to the enactment of the Daiho Ryōryō, the name of the country was changed from Wakoku to Japan. At this time, the construction of a new state also came to an end.

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And after the Battle of Baijiangkou, the Japanese sent Tang envoys to the Tang Dynasty.

Later, "Korean-style mountain castles" began to appear in inland areas of Japan to imitate the Tang Dynasty and Joseon, and in the form of such castles, they developed into mountain castles that later used mountains as the main body of defense.

The emergence of samurai in the Kamakura period played a great role in the development of castles in Japan. Because most of the samurai's residences were on flat terrain, the samurai often built earth platforms and deep ditches around their dwellings to build relatively safe facilities due to their nature of warfare and defense. This form of "dwelling" later developed into "kan" and "flat castle".

At the end of the Kamakura period and the Northern and Southern Dynasties, evil parties and bandits sprang up, and they used the favorable terrain of the mountains to make the crusading shogunate army suffer. The guardian daimyo followed suit and moved their "pavilions" and "flat castles" to the strategically located hills, which formed the prototype of a mountain castle that was once famous during the Warring States period.

During Japan's Sengoku period, castles became an important facility for the power.

The lord of one city and one country can be said to be the goal of a rather glorious samurai at that time.

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At that time, there was a main town model associated with castles in Japan, and the name of this model was castle town.

Castle Town is a city in Japan centered on castles. In the Middle Ages, settlements and towns were established around the lord's residence, called Horinouchi, Negaku, and Yamashita. After the modern era, it was commonly called the castle.

In the 16th century, in line with the unification of the feudal kingdom, the samurai and merchants directly under the lord were forcibly concentrated in the castle, and the castle town was gradually developed into the political, economic, and transportation center of the domain.

For example, the Imagawa clan's Sunfu, the Ouchi clan's Yamaguchi, the Takeda clan's Kofu, the Oda clan's Azuchi, and the Toyotomi clan's Osaka are all famous castle towns.

In the Edo period, under the principle of one country, one castle order, starting with Edo Castle, the castle towns of each feudal clan were organized, and the samurai were forced to settle there.

In this era of political stability, the role of the castle as a defensive unit was greatly diminished. During this period, the construction of towns and towns was the mainstay. For the purpose of economic development and convenient transportation, the mainstream --- mountain castles of the Warring States period appeared to be out of place, so most of the mountain castles were destroyed, and the flat castle and the flat mountain castle were the main forms of the castle in this era.

The town became the center of the feudal economy, and the large-scale consumer economy gradually developed, and it became the source of the modern economy.

After the Meiji Restoration, many of the major castle towns had prefectural offices and key schools, and they continued to prosper with the development of commercial urbanization.