In addition, archaeologists have also found that there are huge drainage channels around the Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang, the bottom of which is made of 17 meters thick waterproof clear plaster mud, and the upper part is made of 84 meters wide loess, which is unimaginably large. Duan Qingbo, the leader of the archaeological team of the Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang, pointed out that in the "Records of the First Emperor of the Qin Dynasty", the "three springs" recorded in the "Historical Records of Qin Shi Huang Benji" is actually an approximate number, in fact, it should refer to the flooding during the construction process, so the drainage channel was built, which just blocked the infiltration of groundwater from high to low and effectively protected the tomb from flooding.

From the Shang and Zhou dynasties to the Han Dynasty, the emperor's tomb roads are usually 4, which run through the southeast, northwest and 4 directions, which is a symbol of noble status and status, while the tombs of ordinary officials and ordinary people are one or two, but archaeologists have found that the tomb of Qin Shi Huang only has two tomb roads in the east and west, which is unexpected by archaeologists.

In addition, the sealed mound of the Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang is huge, which can be called the largest in China, but where the sealed soil comes from is still inconclusive. Although there is a documentary record that the mound was sealed as a "fish pond for taking soil", Duan Qingbo, the leader of the archaeological team of Qinling, questioned this statement, pointing out that the soil samples of the mound contained a large amount of sand and gravel, but the soil taken from the fish pond was pure loess, and very sticky, rarely containing sand and gravel, and it was believed that the terrain of the Qinling Mausoleum area was high in the south and low in the north, and the drop was very large, and it was obviously much more laborious to take soil from the fish pond at the bottom of the mountain. Therefore, it is debatable that the soil was taken from the fish pond.

According to the statement of "Restoration of the Earth and the Mountain" in the "Historical Records of Qin Shi Huang Benji", another expert pointed out that the sealed mound was actually dug from the tomb, but after the hyperspectral remote sensing detection in the Qinling Mausoleum area, a giant depression with a north-south bead-like pattern was found at the foot of the Qinling Mountain in the southern part of the Qinling Tomb.

After on-site investigation. This 30-meter-deep giant depression has obvious signs of artificial excavation, and the soil quality of the depression is the same as that of the sealed soil, which is also a new inference of the origin of the sealing mound.

On the other hand, Liu Shiyi, a researcher at the China Geological Survey, pointed out that the mercury content in the underground palace of Qin Shi Huang was indeed abnormal, and if the distribution of mercury represents the rivers and seas, it is exactly the same as the distribution of the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea. If it is found to be true, it just shows that there were already surveys and studies of Chinese geography during the Qin Dynasty, which can be said to be a new historical discovery.

At present, the Chinese government has no plans for the excavation of the Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang, mainly considering the start of the excavation. It is highly likely that a huge number of historical artifacts have been unearthed. However, in the absence of a fully established method of preservation, it is not suitable for excavation.

The Terracotta Warriors and Horses were discovered on March 29, 1974 by Yang Zhifa, Yang Yanxin, Yang Quanyi, and other villagers in Lintong County, Shaanxi Province.

Experts speculate that the terracotta ruins are rectangular in shape. It is two hundred and thirty meters long from east to west. It is sixty-two meters long from north to south. There are about 7,000 terracotta warriors and horses that are life-like. However, the excavation results exceeded expectations, but it caused difficulties in the preservation of terracotta warriors.

Li Xiannian, then Vice Premier of the State Council of China, learned of the discovery of the Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit and instructed the State Administration of Cultural Heritage to cooperate with the Shaanxi Provincial Government. Swift measures were taken to protect cultural relics. Therefore, the excavation work was temporarily suspended, and on the premise of not damaging the ruins, it took nearly two years to erect an oval-shaped dome building on the ruins, and it was officially opened to the public in October 1979, named the "Terracotta Warriors and Horses Museum of Qin Shi Huang".

According to the principle of symmetry of ancient Chinese architecture, there should also be terracotta warriors and horses pit at the west gate, north gate and south gate of the cemetery, but the archaeologists have repeatedly investigated on the spot, and found nothing, the reason why the terracotta warriors and horses pit is placed on the east side of the cemetery, there are many theories at present, and the following is excerpted as follows, but the following statement is still inconclusive.

1. The funeral customs of the Qin people sit west to east, and the terracotta warriors and horses are placed on the east side of the cemetery to take into account the funeral customs of the Qin people.

2. The terracotta warriors and horses placed on the east side indicate that Qin sat west and went east to destroy the Six Kingdoms and commemorate the victory of the war.

3. The terracotta warriors and horses face east, which is the reason why the main gate of the Mausoleum of the First Emperor is in the east.

4. The terracotta warriors and horses are placed on the east side, which is in line with the ancient yin and yang tactics of "high mountains on the right and water on the left", in order to prevent the enemy from attacking on both sides, and the terrain in the other three directions of the cemetery cannot meet this tactic.

During his reign, Qin Shi Huang also expanded the country's territory, which stretched from Hetao and Yin Shan in the north, to Nanyue (i.e., the ancient Ninan County, in present-day central Vietnam) in the south, to Lintao in Longxi in the west, and to Liaodong and Korea in the east.

The Hetao area, where the Xiongnu were entrenched, was called "Henan Land" during the Qin Dynasty.

When the Seven Heroes of the Warring States were attacking each other, the Xiongnu, Donghu and Yueshi in the northern grasslands also contained each other, unable to go south to intervene in the situation in the Central Plains, until Qin Shi Huang unified the Six Kingdoms, and the nomads living in the northern and northwest grasslands of China immediately became the greatest enemies of the new Qin Empire.

In 215 BC (the 32nd year of Qin Shi Huang), Lu Sheng, a native of Yan State, presented Qin Shi Huang with a prophecy book called "Lu Shu", which read "Hu of the Dead Qin".

According to this "prophecy", Qin Shi Huang believed that it was the Hu people in the north who would eventually destroy the Great Qin Empire. At that time, among the Hu people in the northern steppe, the Yueshi and Donghu were stronger than the Xiongnu, but because the Xiongnu settled in the Hetao area, it was the biggest threat to the Qin Empire in Xianyang, so Qin Shi Huang decided to send troops to conquer the Xiongnu.

However, Li Si pointed out that the Huns lived in pursuit of water and grass, had no fixed residence, and never saved food, which was extremely difficult to conquer. If troops are sent to advance lightly, it is easy to run out of military rations and the entire army will be wiped out; if a large amount of food is carried into the army, it will be difficult to transport heavy supplies, and it will be useless.

For the Qin state, even if they got the land of the Xiongnu, it was not profitable, and it would only exhaust the people of the Central Plains. When he encountered the Xiongnu people, he did not dare to enslave them because he was afraid of their loyalty. If all the Xiongnu people were killed, this would be contrary to the "king" promised by the monarch's father, indicating his opposition to the conquest of the Xiongnu.

Qin Shi Huang did not accept Li Si's advice, and he ordered the general Meng Tian to lead 300,000 troops along the Yellow River from present-day Lanzhou City to Ordos City, and invade the Xiongnu in the north, in an attempt to seize the land south of the Yellow River Loop.

In the following year, Meng Tian conquered the area south of the Hetao, and connected it from Yuzhong (present-day Lanzhou City, Gansu Province) along the Yellow River to the east to Yinshan, divided it into 44 counties, and set up Jiuyuan County, built the Great Wall along the Yellow River, and set up fortresses in dangerous obstacles.

Subsequently, Qin Shi Huang sent Meng Tian to cross the Yellow River to seize Gaoyi, Yangshan (i.e., Yinshan), and Beijiao, build fortresses, and gradually advance northward. At that time, the Xiongnu Shan Yu Touman was forced to move north, and the Qin army was out for more than ten years, and was stationed in Shangjun, and the name of Meng Tian shocked the Xiongnu.

According to research, the biggest reason for the rapid victory of the Qin army was the widespread use of crossbows as long-range weapons. The accuracy of the crossbow-wielding Qin cavalry's shooting was incomparable to the Huns' bows, and the Huns' leather armor could not withstand the powerful penetration of the crossbow arrows. For the Hun riders on horseback, the crossbow was the deadliest weapon.

The famous Chinese military book classic, The Seven Books of the Book of Martial Arts, states that the crossbow was the most effective weapon against the ancient nomads. Due to the complexity of the structure of the crossbow, it was difficult for the Huns to assemble or imitate.

In order to fill the population of the newly established counties south of the Hetao, Qin Shi Huang ordered the relocation of the convicts to the new counties, which became known locally as "Xin Qin". The appearance of a comet in the west was a bad omen, so Qin Shi Huang ordered the prison officials who had been denounced for misenforcing the law to Xinkai to build the Great Wall and defend the South Vietnamese region.

According to the master's father Yan in the "Book of Conquering the Xiongnu", the land where Meng Tian fought was low-lying and could not grow five grains of salt and alkali land, so it was really unable to supply the food of 300,000 soldiers, so he had to rely on supplies from the interior.

In order to transport grain from coastal areas such as Huangyu (present-day Yantai City, Shandong Province) and Langya to the Yellow River in the north, it took 30 minutes (192 stones) to transport grain from coastal areas such as Huangyu (present-day Yantai City, Shandong Province) and Langya. Because of this, the people of the Qin Dynasty had to shoulder a heavy burden. (To be continued......)