readx;

Recommended Reading:

The appearance of female generals in ancient China was relatively rare, mainly due to the influence of the corresponding social atmosphere. Pen ~ Fun ~ Pavilion www.biquge.info please search and see the most complete!

In many cases, the ancients believed that war was a man's business, and unless the man died, the woman would go to the battlefield.

So in a certain sense, even if there is an outstanding female general in a certain period, or even a heroic female, it does not mean that the women of this period occupy a great position in the army.

It is possible that the women's army under the command of Princess Pingyang Zhao is the first female soldier unit to be formed in Chinese history.

Of course, many famous women in history have a certain female guard, for example, Sun Shangxiang has a record in the history books, that is, the Wu officers and soldiers under his command were allowed to run rampant in Jingzhou......

It is possible that this force was a formed female army, but there is no definite information to prove it. I can only ignore it.

......

The Women's Army originally referred to the army commanded by Princess Pingyang, the daughter of Li Yuan at the end of the Sui Dynasty, and was called the Women's Army, and was later used to refer to a team composed of women.

Princess Pingyang, the third daughter of Tang Gaozu, married Chai Shao and settled in Chang'an. Gaozu rebelled and sent an envoy to summon him. Shaojian went to Taiyuan. The princess returned to the village of Juxian County, scattered the family assets, attracted the death in the mountains, and raised troops to respond to the ancestors. The battalion is called the "Women's Army".

And the appearance of the Women's Army also announced the official appearance of the female soldier unit on the stage.

............................................................ Dividing line ..........................................

Female soldiers refer to female military personnel serving in the national army, both combatants and non-combatants, whose duties are the same as those of male soldiers, which are to defend national security, defend and guard national borders, stabilize government regimes, stabilize society, and sometimes participate in non-combatant work, including disaster relief.

Later generations of female soldiers were rarely assigned to infantry because of physical problems, and most of them were assigned to work in military facilities such as logistics departments, institutions, military doctors, and academies, and female soldiers were often assigned to the air force and navy as pilots and communicators.

Among them are soldiers, non-commissioned officers, officers, hygienists, members of the art troupe, telephone operators, military doctors, cooks, breeders, hairdressers, platoon commanders, company commanders, battalion commanders, regiment commanders, brigade commanders, division commanders, army commanders, commanders and generals.

The earliest female soldiers in modern China were the women's team of the 6th Wuhan Branch of the Whampoa Military Academy of the National Revolutionary Army formed on February 12, 1927 during the Northern Expedition (a total of 130 people), and participated in the battle against Xia Douyin's army in the summer of that year.

After enlisting in the army, female soldiers from all countries must cut their ears and short hair, do not dye their hair, do not wear makeup, and do not dye their nails. This applies to Western countries such as the United States.

Later generations believed that the formation of female soldiers had the following four main significance:

1. Compared with male soldiers, female soldiers have the characteristics of carefulness, sense of responsibility, affinity, etc., and the existence of female soldiers often arouses the nature of men to protect women, and has the effect of stimulating combat effectiveness. Female soldiers are placed in medical, communications and other positions.

2. Generally speaking, women have a high ability to distinguish sound waves and colors.

3. It can effectively improve the combat effectiveness of male soldiers; it can solve the marriage problem of volunteers; it can engage in jobs that are not suitable for male soldiers; it will not show mercy to enemy female soldiers; it can infiltrate with makeup and engage in spy work; and its training achievements can motivate junior soldiers;

4. Solve the problem of troop sources.

In later generations, there were many countries that formed female soldiers for these four reasons:

U.S. Female Soldiers:

The United States has one of the largest number of female soldiers in the world today. The emergence of women in the U.S. military began after the end of World War I. At that time, in order to solve the problem of communication and liaison with overseas troops, the United States conscripted 200 women to serve in the military, and after the war, the status of American female soldiers was further improved.

Israeli Female Soldiers:

Female soldiers play an indispensable role within Israel's defense system, and their status in the military has improved considerably.

Today, female soldiers can even take up positions that were previously reserved for men, such as infantry combat instructors and specialists in the use of nuclear, biological and chemical tactics.

Russian Female Soldiers:

In today's Russian army, there are 170 positions open to women in the command profession alone, and more and more commanders believe that many positions in the army are suitable for female soldiers, and similarly, more and more female soldiers are doing better than male soldiers and are beginning to challenge male soldiers.

Japanese Female Soldiers:

As of 1996, there were a total number of female officers serving active duty in the Japanese Self-Defense Forces, accounting for about 4 per cent of the total number of officers in the Self-Defense Forces. Most areas of the Japanese Self-Defense Forces are open to women, and female soldiers are active in the Army, Navy, and Air Force.

Iranian Female Soldiers:

Iranian female soldiers have the characteristics of robustness and have the spirit of not admitting defeat.

German Female Soldiers:

The German government has a history of exclusion of female soldiers. Last month, the German government made a rule that women were not allowed to serve in the military, including the country's self-defense forces, for the sake of women's own interests. (This has actually been denied many times, because in the Wehrmacht, many female soldiers were in logistics.) ）

After decades of struggle, on January 11, 2000, Germany finally overturned the law prohibiting women from joining the army, and German women were granted the right to join the Bundeswehr. In the future, female soldiers in the German army will gradually get out of the traditional misunderstandings and begin to move towards the future battlefield.

British Female Soldiers:

By 2001, there were 1,700 women in the British army, or about 8 per cent of the total military strength (a clearly erroneous ratio), an increase of one-third from 10 years earlier.

French Female Soldiers:

Women began to gradually enter the French army in the early 70s.

At present, there are more than 20,000 female soldiers in the French army, accounting for about 7.5% of its total strength, which is second to none among European countries. French female soldiers broke the precept that women could not go to sea. All branches of the navy except commandos are open to female soldiers, and female soldiers can even serve on submarines, which is a remarkable progress.

Australian Female Soldiers:

The Australian military has amended the relevant regulations to "prohibit the dispatch of women to dangerous military areas", and for the first time made an exception to allow the deployment of female soldiers to the front line of the army.

Chinese Female Soldiers:

New Chinese female soldiers are an important force in the construction of our army. At present, more than 100,000 women in China are fighting in military, political, and logistical positions, as well as in professional and technical posts such as scientific research, teaching, public health, culture and sports, and engineering technology. From the unit's main computer room to the satellite launch site, from the military command organ to the front line of the angels in white, from the land, the sky to the sea, there are Chinese female soldiers.

In addition to female soldiers, there are also many women in the military who are not combatants, mainly nurses, military doctors and even civilians.

......

Speaking of women in the military, we have to mention the profession of nurse, which once occupied the majority of female members of the military.

The military's nursing profession mainly originated from a great woman, and this woman was the famous "Goddess of Lanterns" Nightingale.

Florence Nightingale (12 May 1820 – 13 August 1910) was an English nurse and statistician born in Italy to an upper-class English family. After studying nursing in Germany, she worked in a hospital in London. In 1853 she became head nurse at the Charity Hospital in London.

During the Crimean War, she fought hard with the British military to open hospitals in the field to provide medical care to soldiers. She analyzed the mountains of military archives and pointed out that in the Crimean campaign, the British soldiers died because of diseases contracted outside the battlefield and died from injuries sustained on the battlefield without proper care, and that not many people actually died on the battlefield. She also used circular charts to illustrate this information. Nightingale went to work with 38 nurses in the Crimean field hospital on 21 July. He became the head nurse of the hospital and was called the "Angel of Crimea" or "Angel of the Lantern".

Thanks to Nightingale's efforts, the nurses who used to be in a lowly status have greatly improved their social status and image, and have become a symbol of nobility. "Nightingale" has also become synonymous with the spirit of nurses. She was the world's first true female nurse and pioneered a career in nursing. "5.12" International Nurses Day was established on Nightingale's birthday to commemorate the founder of modern nursing.

In the 50s of the 19th century, the Crimean War was fought by Britain, France, Turkey and Russia, and the death rate of war soldiers in Britain was as high as 42%. Nightingale volunteered to serve as a field nurse. She arrived at the front with 38 nurses to serve in field hospitals. Once, Nightingale comforted the wounded while changing his dressing, and the wounded were moved to tears.

At this time, a major officer came in and called Nightingale out, and said with a look of disdain, "Miss, you better go back to London! "Why?" Nightingale asked, puzzled.

"Do you think, a man who weeps at every turn, to charge into battle? You and your companions have spoiled them!" "No!" said Nightingale, "in my eyes they are men, brothers, wounded, and deserving of care and comfort." ”

She did her best to overcome all kinds of difficulties, provide the necessary daily necessities and food for the wounded, and carefully care for them. In just half a year or so, the mortality rate of the sick and wounded dropped to 2.2 per cent. Every night, she patrolled with a wind lantern in her hand, and the wounded and sick affectionately called her "the goddess of lanterns". After the war, Nightingale returned to England and was revered as a national hero.

In 1860, Nightingale founded the world's first formal nursing school with more than £4,000 in government awards. Subsequently, she founded a school for midwives and an economically disadvantaged hospital nurse, and is known as the founder of modern nursing education. In 1901, Nightingale was blinded by overwork. In 1907, Nightingale was awarded the Medal of Merit by the British King, becoming the first woman in British history to receive this highest honour, and later initiated the organization of the International Red Cross. On 16 March 1908, Nightingale was awarded the City of London Freedom Prize. Nightingale never married, and on August 13, 1910, Nightingale died in her sleep at the age of 90.

Throughout her life, throughout the Victorian era, she made a superhuman contribution to the creation of a career in nursing. She has devoted her life to the reform and development of nursing, and has made brilliant achievements that have attracted worldwide attention. All of this made her a great woman of the 19th century who was admired and celebrated by the world.

And it is said that before Nightingale established the first formal nursing school, in her time, there was no one with status to be a nurse. Nurses are often ignorant, rude, alcoholic, and untrained women. She took advantage of her travels to Europe to learn about nursing care in different places. In 1851, she chose the Kaiser & Warts Hospital, where she had learned about it, and in 1851 she attended a four-month short-term training course there, which finally fulfilled her dream of studying as a nurse. During her studies, she experienced first-hand that nursing work requires a lot of hard work to relieve the pain and provide spiritual comfort to patients. In 1844, she set out from England and began a trip to the European continent, visiting France, Germany, Belgium, Italy and other countries, inspecting hospitals in various countries. In 1850, despite her family's opposition, she resolutely went to Kaisers, Germany, to receive nursing training. Her intellect was discovered, and in 1853 she was hired as overseer of the London Society of Caring for Sick Women.

Nightingale's ambition finally moved her father to promise to fund her five hundred pounds a year. On August 12, 1853, with the support of the Charity Commission, Nightingale set up a nursing home at 1 Halley Street in London, and began to carry out her ambitions. For example, when a patient summons a bell and a winch is set up in the kitchen to deliver meals to the sick, she stresses that "any woman, regardless of creed, rich or poor, can be sheltered as long as she is sick...... and she shows extraordinary ability in her work, and everyone listens to her.

In August 1854, when cholera broke out in a slum on the outskirts of London, Nightingale volunteered for emergency relief at risk. She was in the hospital caring for the dying patients, and many died in her arms.

Mrs. Caskell admired Nightingale's deeds for she had personally experienced and felt Nightingale's devotion, describing her as "tall and elongated, with short, thick brown hair, a fair complexion, grey eyes that shone with a melancholy and depressed look, but sometimes with a sparkle of joy, which was unforgettable, her teeth beautiful and straight, and her smile so sweet." A long soft hair towel was covered on her head, tied up along the corners of her hair, making her white and quiet melon seed face even more beautiful. She often wears a black silk gown and a black shawl, giving people a graceful and elegant impression. ”

......

Nightingale's efforts eventually succeeded in greatly improving the status of the profession of nurses.

On June 24, 1860, Nightingale used the huge amount donated by people from all walks of life in Britain to recognize her merits as the "Nightingale Fund" to establish the "Nightingale Nursing Training School" in St. Thomas's Hospital in London. St. Thomas' Hospital was founded in 1213 and has a long reputation in the United Kingdom. The hospital differs from other hospitals in that it has never been controlled by religion. The purpose of the school, which is considered to be the world's first formal nursing school, was to experiment with a new type of non-religious school that would make nursing a profession a science. She has clearly defined the school management, the selection of students, the arrangement of courses, internships and the evaluation of results, and formally established the nursing education system, creating the great cause of modern nursing. This is an unprecedented contribution to humanity as a whole, and for this reason, she deserves to be hailed as a pioneer in the field of nursing. Deeply aware of the difficulty of nurturing nursing talents, she established two principles: first, nurses should not only be "scrubbers", and second, they should not be nurses and teach others unless they are trained.

Nightingale Nursing School opened with 15 girls, aged between 25 and 35, with a one-year training period. Students' board, accommodation, uniforms, and tuition fees are all free of charge, and a bursary of £10 is given each year. The school was entrusted to the head of nursing at St. Thomas' Hospital, and Nightingale only visited the school twice. But she has been keeping a close eye on the school's development. The nursing director of the hospital constantly asked her for instructions and reported everything about the school. Nurses and nurse managers often conduct interviews at Nightingale's home.

In 1860, Nightingale used the 4,400 pounds of Nightingale Fund donated by the public to establish the world's first formal nursing school——— Nightingale School of Nursing in St. Thomas's Hospital in England. This was followed by the training of midwives and workhouse nurses. She has made outstanding contributions to hospital management, military health care, nurse education and training, etc., and is known as the founder of modern nursing education by later generations. She also put forward the idea of public health nursing, which is to engage in preventive medicine services through community organizations. She trained more than 1,000 nurses in her lifetime. His main works such as "Hospital Notes" and "Nursing Notes" have become the basic textbooks for hospital management and nurse education. It has promoted the development of nursing work and nurse education in Western European countries and even around the world.

Eventually, thanks to Nightingale's efforts, nursing became a science and an increasingly influential professional system.

In the military at that time, female nurses also became one of the largest places where women in the military existed. (To be continued.) )

This book is from//.> book friends who have read "Dingqin Song" also like it