Chapter 137 Laws and Regulations Related to Animal Husbandry in the Tang Dynasty ()

During the Tang Dynasty, there were mainly three kinds of things known as the Three Treasures of War, cavalry, Mo knife, and bed crossbow. Please search (product # book ¥ net) to see the most complete!

Because of cost concerns, Zhang Jiashi himself did not have much inclination for Mo knives that were mainly made of stainless iron or even steel. It is also for this consideration that the thick-backed knife-type weapons infused with pig iron and molten iron have become the mainstream equipment of the Qin army's elite infantry units.

However, for the other two categories, namely cavalry and bed crossbows, although the performance of the Qin army in this aspect of the installation and even the bed crossbow still has some gaps with the Tang army in later generations, but this layer is more limited by the scientific and technological level and technical aspects.

However, in terms of horse breeding, Zhang Jiashi believes that it is not unfeasible for the Qin Empire to implement the Tang Dynasty's horse breeding decree at the moment.

However, what is more interesting is that Zhang Jiashi is unlikely to have a reference for the regulations on horse breeding alone, and he prefers the "introduction" of a more comprehensive decree.

In the corresponding decree of the Tang Dynasty, in addition to raising horses, there were plans for animal husbandry in many aspects:

There is no restriction on official or private property. or those who destroy official and private things, the destruction is abrupt, or resistant, and so on. If a person kills a horse or an ox, he shall be given 90 rods, and if he injures a horse or cattle and kills the remaining livestock, the price of the property shall be reduced by three degrees, and the stolen goods shall be reduced by three degrees. If the price of the slaughtered horses and cattle is allowed to be reduced, when the silk is 15 years old, the prisoner will be reduced by three in two years, and the rod will be 100, so that the stolen goods will be seriously offended, that is, it will be judged heavily. They still pay for the reduced prices, and the owners of the animals are destroyed. Suppose there is a cow, straight silk five boils, destroy the eating figures, straight silk two boils, the owner of the cattle on the occasion to kill the cow, sell the straight silk three boils, subtract two boils, the owner of the cattle to pay for the loss of the food silk two boils, the owner of the reward to reduce the price of the cattle silk is also two boils, and so on. Note that "temporary autocracy is also the main", if A has horses and cattle, borrowing B to ride, and destroying food, that is, B is guilty of the crime, and he is still ordered to pay for it. "The rest of the article is allowed to do this", which means that the next article "dogs kill and injure other people's livestock" and "livestock should be marked and fetters when they reach people", although they are not the main ones, they are all guilty of tyrannical people.

Those who kill or injure those whose animal property wants to bite people do not sit and do not pay. It is also known as the on-the-spot kill. Even if it is desperate, it is all for the sake of killing.

If the livestock is resistant to the rodger, if it wants to resist the man, it shall be killed or injured immediately, and it shall not sit or pay. Therefore, Zhuyun "is also known as the killer of the time". After the incident is extinguished, those who start killing and injuring will still be compensated for the price reduction according to the method of killing and wounding. The owner of the animal is also offended according to the law.

Whoever kills horses and cattle with his own horses and cattle shall commit suicide with the Lord, and whoever kills the remnant of cattle shall be punished with a hundred rods. Each pays for its price reduction.

"Miscellaneous" means that there are people who serve inside and outside. Kill each other, sin "with the Lord's suicide", and join the disciples for a year. Those who kill the rest of the animals will be allowed to sit on the stolen goods at a reduced price, and the crime will be punished with a hundred rods. According to this law, a person who injures an animal by marsh is not guilty, and if he dies within five days due to his serious injury, he shall be killed in accordance with the law, and the reduced price shall be compensated.

Manslaughter and accidental injury to the birth of a parent animal, the law is not guilty, and it is unknown whether the compensation is reduced?

Answer: "Whoever kills a horse or a cow is the same as the Lord's suicide." "The Lord is not guilty of wounding horses and oxen, and killing them by mistake, and all the relatives are with the Lord, and each one does not sit down. If you don't sit, you don't have to pay for it, and the quasi-rules can be known, and if you don't have any laws, you don't have to pay for it. Cattle and horses are still unpaid, and the rest of the livestock are not compensated.

(Before the Tang Dynasty, even if you want to slaughter three animals for funeral reasons, it was a taboo to avoid.) At the very least, if a ploughing ox that is not sick or injured is slaughtered for sacrifice because of this, it needs to be punished. ）

If the dogs commit suicide and injure the livestock of others, the owner of the dog shall compensate them for the price reduction, and if the remaining animals kill each other, half of the price shall be compensated. Those who are ordered to kill or injure other people's livestock shall be judged to kill or injure for any reason.

Canine devouring, or suicide to injure other people's livestock. "The dog owner compensates for its price reduction", so that the dog can eat and bite, and the main must make it, and the main system is not the system, so the price is reduced. "Surplus animals", except for dogs, are all of them. "Self-killing" means that cattle kill each other, horses kill each other, and so on. If there is a cattle of the first family, resist the killing of the horse of the second family, the horse is straight and ten silk, in order to resist the killing, estimate the skin and meat straight silk two boils, that is, reduce eight boils of silk, A compensates B for four silks, is the name of "half of the price reduction". "Those who are ordered to kill and injure other people's livestock for some reason", or those who are good at eating pigs and sheep, and their cattle and horses can contradict each other, and those who are released for this reason shall be responsible for releasing them for the same reason, and each is guilty of the same crime of killing and injuring others, which is the same article "Whoever kills officials, horses, horses, and cattle for a reason shall be imprisoned for one and a half years." If the stolen goods are injured, the price shall be reduced, and the price shall be compensated for the price reduction, and if the price is not reduced, the price shall be punished by 30 lashes." The two lords let the cattle prosper, and the fight had the killing and wounding, from "should not be heavy", eighty rods, each of them reduced the price.

If the rabid dog does not kill, he will be punished with forty lashes, and if he kills or injures a person for any reason, he will be judged as negligent. If the order is issued to kill or injure people, the killing and injury of the bucket shall be reduced by one degree.

(The Tang Dynasty had a set of rules for dogs biting people, which is a more detailed description, especially if the dog bites like crazy and the owner forbids killing the dog, then the owner is punished with forty lashes...... ）

According to the miscellaneous orders: "Whoever has an animal to a person shall have two horns cut off, and whoever tramples his feet shall stumble, and whoever bites a person shall have his ears cut off both ears." This is the method of the flag. If they do not follow the law, and do not kill the rabid dog, they shall be punished with forty lashes each. A person who kills or injures a person because he does not impose a flag fetters and does not kill rabies shall be regarded as negligent. and the wrongdoers, each according to his sins, shall be subject to the atonement. The law is the same, always according to the law, not limited to honor, and its redemption is also. If it should be light, listen to it. Its "so release order to kill and injure", it is said that the performance of dogs and miscellaneous animals resists and eats, and those who release it will reduce the killing and injury of the fight. The offense of the noble, the inferior, the elder and the younger, the relatives, etc., shall be added to and reduced as a crime according to the original offense. If they kill or injure people with their animal products, they will still be harmed by other things, and they will be guaranteed 20 days, and those who die inside will be killed by one degree. If the order is to release miscellaneous animal production, resist and kill offspring, the apprentice will be reduced by one and a half in one year, and the apprentice will be reduced by one year;

That is, those who are hired to treat livestock are the same as the law of negligence. and those who are killed or injured without a reason, the owner of the animal shall not sit.

If someone is hired to treat livestock or touch human property for no reason, and the owner of the animal does not sit down if he is killed or injured. The owner of the animal does not sit on the part of the person who is killed or injured in this way. If the animal is killed or injured by the Qianheal, the redemption law shall be followed.

The prisoners shall be punished with fifty flogs if they borrow from the officials, slaves, maidservants, and animals, and those who borrow from them; Coaching donkey, plus one class.

The official who is in charge of the prison shall "borrow for himself" the slaves and maidservants and the animal property of the lord and the lord of the prison, which is said to be borrowed by himself, and if he lends it to another person and the person who borrowed it, or a person or an animal, but the borrowing shall be punished with fifty flogs. or borrowing less and more every day, or borrowing more and less, and the calculation is heavier than that of those who borrow sins, and they are judged to be imprisoned and have accumulated stolen goods. "Donkey, plus one grade", means that you will get sixty rods when you borrow them, and if you weigh the weight, you will add one class to the property that you are under supervision. If the borrower and the borrower are also counted as renting, each of them is the same as borrowing slaves and maids, and livestock. Although there is no law, the offenses are similar. The law of the office system: "The officials who are in prison shall borrow the places under supervision, and the cattle, horses, camels, mules, donkeys, chariots, boats, mansions, and mills, and rent them according to the property of the prisoner." "The calculation of borrowing vehicles and ships, grinding and the like, is not different from borrowing animal property, so this article is attached, and the quasi-rule is to sit.

That is, those who borrow a stagecoach and those who borrow it shall have a hundred rods and five days for one year; That is, whoever borrows a man, a horse, and a donkey from the post chief, each of them shall be reduced by one degree, and the sin shall be punished by one hundred rods.

That is, those who borrow a stagecoach privately and those who borrow from a lawsuit shall have one hundred rods each, and five days shall be imprisoned for one year. "Those who count the mediocrity are from the law", which is said to be the mediocrity of the stagecoach, when the silk is eight boils, the first class is added to the first, and the apprentice is one and a half years. "That is, if the post chief privately borrows people, horses and donkeys, he will be reduced by one class", and the order is granted: "After the post horse and donkey are given, the post chief will accompany him when he dies." "Therefore, the post chief borrowed people and donkeys and horses, and the offense was slightly lighter. "Each subtracted by one class" means "borrowing a stagecoach and donkey, and adding a first-class property to the prison", and now the post chief borrowing a donkey and horse is each reduced by one class, which is the same as the crime of "receiving the prisoner's property", and the sin is limited to one hundred rods.

Those who release the private property of officials and damage the private property of officials will be punished with 30 lashes, and those who take heavy stolen goods will be punished with stolen goods. The loser will be minus two. Each compensates for the loss. If the official animal damages the official property, he will not be compensated.

(During the Tang Dynasty, "private use of public cars" was very serious, and even some of the categories that punished rabies bites were much more serious, but if the donkey of the post station was lent out by the chief official of the post station and was known, then the crime of self-theft by the guard was punished with another degree.) And this punishment should be punished by both the chief officer who lent it out and the person who borrowed the donkey. ）

It is said to release official and private animal property, donate official and private things, and although the loss of food is small, that is, 30 flogging. If the stolen goods are allowed to be two feet long, and the total flogging is forty, it is called "the one who counts the stolen goods is heavy, and sits on the stolen goods". "Those who lose will be reduced by two degrees", which means that they are not released for any reason, and those who lose food due to death will be reduced to two degrees. "Each compensates for the loss", that is, "the damage to the official and private things", or the loss or food, each so that the owner of the animal will be compensated. If the official animal damages the food and property, it will not be paid. If the public party and livestock damage the food of the public office, it is not the same as the private property, and it is not compensated; if the food is damaged and the food is offended, it is still prepared, and it is allowed.

If anyone is taken out of the treasury, the chief of defense shall search and fail to do so, and shall be punished with twenty lashes, and if the thief is not aware of it, the thief shall be punished with two degrees. If you don't notice the theft at night, you will be reduced by three.

Hidden from the library, according to the formula "five products, all of them are not suitable for search". Those who should be searched but fail to do so shall be punished by the chief of defense. If the stolen goods are not searched, the stolen goods will be released, and the stolen goods will be counted, and the principal will reduce the crime of the thief to the second degree. "If the night lasts", it means that the person who holds the treasure is the one who does not realize that the person who steals the property, and the thief is guilty of three degrees. Holding the time, it is said that the person who holds the change at that time. If you don't know how to steal five pieces of silk, you will be reduced by three, and you will get eighty rods and so on.

Whoever does not detect the thief shall be punished with twenty lashes for five and one for ten, and one for one for ten rods, and one for two years for two years. If the ruler is not in accordance with the law, and the thief is caused by this, one will be added to each of them. Therefore, each one is guilty of the same sin.

"The main guard", not limited to the quality and non-quality, is said to be the owner of the storehouse. I didn't feel that someone had stolen things, and the quasi-silk was "five and twenty", and he was not satisfied with the five and was not offended. "Ten boils plus one class", eighty-five boils and one hundred. "One hundred rods, twenty more than one grade", one hundred and forty-five boils, two years' imprisonment. "If the guard is not as good as the law", it means that the defense, the guard, the lock, and the seal are not as good as the law, and the thief, "each plus one class", means that the defense is not as good as the law, someone hides from the treasury and does not search and inspect the thief, and does not realize that the thief is added by one class, and the thief is stopped by the first class; when the night is not as good as the law, and the thief is not detected, it is also added by one class, and the thief is stopped from being reduced by the second class; the main guard is not as good as the law, and the thief is not aware of the theft, and the first class is also added, and the five lashes are thirty, and the crime is suspended for two and a half years. This is "one plus one for each". "Therefore the one who indulges in the same crime" means that the chief of the defense, and the one who holds the time at night and the chief guard, so the arsonist of the thief shall be guilty of the same crime as the thief. Those who are called "guilty of the same crime" are not allowed to be removed, exempted, multiplied, or added to the crime by the prison master.

That is, the stolen goods are full of fifty boils and one hundred hangings. If they are robbed, let them be counted.

The state treasury is the chief of the commission, and if the chief knows that the thief is tolerated, the offense is heavier than the thief. The law of the name is "the same as the one who is guilty of the same crime, not in the case of the additional service stream", so this case is specially produced in the treasury article: Therefore, if the stolen goods are less than forty-nine boils, the same crime as the thief, and it is not suitable to be removed or exempted; when the fifty cases are full, the additional service flow shall be removed and distributed according to the law; and one hundred boils shall be hanged. This is called the sin of one person. If there is a frequent thief and a thief, each shall follow the law of multiplication. "If you are robbed, let each one be judged", it means that he is robbed by force, and he who cannot refuse it.

Those who do not return the goods after 10 days shall be given 30 lashes, 10 days plus 10 rods, and 100 rods for private use.

"Leave to ask for official property" is said to be auspicious and evil, and should be given prestige, halo books, or borrowed tents, □ mattresses, and the like. If the matter is over, they will be returned to the official within 10 days, and if they do not return it after 10 days, they will be punished with 30 lashes. "Ten days plus one", the total stay is eighty days, and the sin stops one hundred rods. Therefore, those who take it privately will be said to be after the good and evil deeds, and those who do not take it privately will be punished for 80 days for one year.

If the person who dies and loses what he has done, he will be compensated according to the law, and if he does not say what he does, he will be judged as lost.

(If something borrowed from the government is lost, if it is "recorded" with the relevant personnel later, then it is not a big problem to only need compensation, but if it is deliberately concealed and the matter is eventually revealed, then it is not as simple as compensation.) ）

If a person who has lost an official property if he claims to have lost it, he will be exempted from the crime and compensated in accordance with the law; According to the miscellaneous law: "Those who lose official property will be reduced by three degrees for quasi-theft." Again: "The loss of official and private utensils shall be compensated for each." "Therefore the sin of gain and loss, and the redress of it."

If the lender and the person who lends money do not keep a record, it will be regarded as theft; if there is a record, it will be regarded as theft; if it is recorded, it will be regarded as theft; if it is recorded, it will be regarded as taking a copy and signing it. The case is subject to judgment, minus two degrees.

"Prison and main guard" means that where it is, there is a lawsuit holder for official property. If you lend money privately with this official property, if you take the lender and the person who lends it, these three things are not recorded, and it will be regarded as theft, and if it is recorded, it will be considered theft. "Remembering, it means taking and copying and signing and the like", although there is no case, or there is a name book, or a copy and signature, etc., are the same. Those who do not remember to be thieves are the same as true thieves, and if they are in prison and keep their own money, they will also be added to the second class of thieves. Some reporters are quasi-thieves, and five are in prison for one year, and five are added to one class. "Filing a judgment and subtracting two degrees" is said to be five canes and ninety and so on.

That is, confiscation of public property and use of public property, if the payment is made for private use, each will be reduced by one seat. The same is true for loans. Yu Tiao Gong agreed to this. That is, the main guard is a private loan, there is no reporter, and the law of theft is followed.

"That is, confiscate the public property", it means to confiscate the public party with official property, and the property of the public party for private use, without record, record, or judgment, if the official property is accumulated from the treasury, the payer will change the market, and the person who changes the city for private use, the crime of each quasi-former official property should be reduced by one degree. Those who are called "private use" are the same even if they take out loans. "The rest of the public party is allowed to do this", which is said to be within a law, but it is said that the private use and loan of the public party are allowed to reduce the crime of theft. "That is, the master guards private loans, no reporters, and according to the theft law", that is, the same as the real thief, plus the second class of regular thieves, double the stolen goods, and those who have officials are removed. Therefore, the cloud "according to the law of theft".

If the person who has borrowed money cannot repay it, the judge of the Judgment Department. The following article also allows this for private lending.