The way of generals is an important concept of ancient Chinese military science, and Zhuge Liang's "General Garden" can be said to be a summary of the way of generals from the Three Kingdoms period to the past.

Strictly speaking, for many people, this book is a description of the right way.

It's just that on the other hand, with Jiang Wei's corresponding description of Zhuge Liang's disciple, whether "Jiang Yuan" is really Zhuge Liang's work, Zhang Jiashi said that this matter is really debatable.

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"Jiang Yuan" Volume 1:

The man with the right to serve the soldier is the commander of the three armies and the authority of the main general. Will be able to hold the power of the army, the momentum of the army and the group, such as the tiger, plus the wings and soar all over the sea, as you encounter. If you lose your power and don't use your momentum, you will be like a fish and a dragon getting out of the rivers and lakes, wanting to swim in the ocean, and run the waves, how can you get it.

The translation is roughly as follows: The so-called military power is the power of the general to command the three armies, and it is the key to the general's establishment of his own prestige. Once the commander has mastered the power of the army, he has grasped the key point of commanding the army, just like a tiger with wings, not only has the power but also can soar all over the world, and can be flexible and adapt to any situation and take the initiative. On the other hand, if a general loses this power and cannot command the army, it is like a fish or a dragon leaving the rivers and lakes, and it is impossible to ask for the freedom to swim in the ocean and gallop and play in the waves.

There are five evils in chasing away the evildoers of the militaristic state: first, they form a party and connect with each other and slander the virtuous and virtuous; second, they are extravagant in their clothes and different crowns and belts; third, they exaggerate their magic and sophistry and talk about Shinto; fourth, they specialize in observing right and wrong and move the people privately; and fifth, they serve the gains and losses and conspire with the enemy. This so-called treacherous and disobedient person can be far away and not kissable.

The translation is roughly as follows: There are five types of people who need to be paid attention to, whether they are in charge of the army or in the country, and they are the scourge of the chaos of the country and the army. These five types of people are: those who form friends privately, form small groups, and are devoted to slandering and attacking talented and virtuous people; those who are extravagant and wasteful in their clothes, who wear distinctive hats and costumes, who are vain, and who are grandiose; those who unrealistically exaggerate the impression of the people and create rumors to deceive the public; those who specialize in playing right and wrong and stirring up the masses for their own selfish interests; and those who are very concerned about their own personal gains and losses and secretly collude with the enemy. These five kinds of hypocritical, treacherous, and virtuous villains can only stay away from them, but cannot be approached.

It is not difficult to observe the nature of knowing human nature. There are both good and evil, different feelings, there are gentle and deceitful, there are those who are flattering and deceitful, there are those who are brave and cowardly, and there are those who are trying their best but are not loyal. However, there are seven ways to know people: one is to judge their will by right and wrong, the second is to observe their changes by rhetoric, the third is to consult and judge their knowledge, the fourth is to tell them to see their courage by disasters, the fifth is to be drunk and to see their nature, the sixth is to see their incorruptibility by profit, and the seventh is to observe their faith.

The translation goes something like this: There is nothing more difficult in the world than to truly understand one's nature. Everyone has different levels of good and evil, and their nature and appearance are not uniform. Some people are gentle in appearance but treacherous, some are modest but deceitful, some look brave but in fact cowardly, and some seem to have done everything in their power but in fact have other plans. However, there are seven ways to understand a person's nature: to inquire about his opinion on something in a divisive way in order to examine his aspirations and positions, to deliberately provoke him with fierce words in order to examine his bearing and ability to adapt, to consult him about a plan and to ask for his opinion in order to examine his knowledge, to tell him that a great calamity is coming, to examine his courage and courage, to use the opportunity of drinking to make him drunk, to observe his nature, Self-cultivation, seducing him with benefits to check whether he is honest or not, and entrusting him with something to do to check whether he is trustworthy and trustworthy.

There are nine generals: the way to virtue, all to courtesy, and know its hunger and cold, to observe its labor, this is called benevolent general; things are not avoided, not for profit, there is the glory of death, there is no humiliation of life, this is called righteousness; noble but not arrogant, victory but not fearful, virtuous and able, just and able to endure, this is called the courtesy general; unpredictable, should be many, turn misfortune into blessing, win in danger, this is called the wisdom of the general; enter the three armies, the will is light and strong, the punishment is not expensive, this is the letter general; the foot light horse, the air covers the thousand, the good solid territory, long in the sword halberd, this is the foot general; climb high and carry the danger, gallop like flying, advance the first, retreat the apse, this is the cavalry; the three armies, the will is light and strong, and the cowardice is in a small battleIf you see the virtuous, follow the advice like the stream, wide and strong, brave and calculating, this is called the general.

The translation is roughly as follows: according to the different talents of different generals, generals can be divided into nine types: one is to use their own virtues to educate subordinates, use etiquette to regulate the actions of subordinates, care for subordinates, ask for warmth, and share weal and woe with subordinates, this kind of general is a benevolent general. The second is to do things not only to eliminate disasters and difficulties, but also to have long-term plans, be meticulous, not be tempted by interests, and would rather dedicate themselves to honor than survive in humiliation. The third is to be in a high position but not domineering, outstanding achievements and not arrogant, virtuous but not high, humble and lower than their own status, upright personality and can accommodate others, such a general is a courtesy general. Fourth, the use of tactics is unfathomable, resourceful, can turn disaster into blessing in adversity, and knows that evil turns good in the face of danger, such a general is a wise general. Fifth, loyalty and faithfulness, reward those who have merit, punish those who have faults, reward and punish clearly, reward without delay, and punish regardless of the status of the other party. Sixth, he is agile, fast as a war horse when he charges, heroic, high-spirited and able to win thousands of people, good at defending the country, and good at swords. Seventh, he can climb high mountains, take dangerous places, gallop like the wind, take the lead, be unstoppable, and resist the enemy soldiers behind the team to cover others when retreating, such a general is a cavalry general. Eighth, the three armies are invincible, cautious and not sloppy in small battles, and more and more courageous in the face of powerful enemies, such generals are fierce generals. Nine is to meet the sage humbly ask for advice, to the opinions of others such as a stream, can be broad-minded, generous and upright, brave and decisive and full of strategy, such a general is a general.

The device will be the device, which is used in different sizes. If it is to observe its treachery, serve its misfortune, and be obeyed by the public, this will of ten husbands; sleep at night, secretly observe words, this hundred generals; straightforward and thoughtful, brave and able to fight, this thousand generals; appearance Huanhuan, fierce feelings, know people industrious, know people hungry and cold, this ten thousand generals; enter the virtuous and enterprising, cautious day by day, honest and lenient, idle in chaos, this 100,000 generals; benevolence and love in the bottom, faith and righteousness to serve neighbors, up to know the cloud reading network, in the inspection of personnel, down to know geography, in the four seas as a family, this world general.

The translation is roughly as follows: the temperament and bearing of the generals are different, and their skills and roles are divided into large and small. If you can perceive the treachery of others, see the hidden dangers and misfortunes of things, and be convinced by your subordinates, this kind of general is a general of ten and can lead a team of ten people. If you get up early and go to bed late, work all day for official work, speak cautiously and carefully, and can listen to the voices of your subordinates, this kind of general is a centurion and can lead a team of 100 people. Honest and far-sighted, brave and good at fighting, such a general is a general of a thousand people, and can lead a team of thousands of people. Powerful on the outside, rich in feelings inside, bright and upright personality, able to understand the efforts and hardships of others, and able to care about the hunger and cold of others, this kind of general is a general of ten thousand men and can command the army of ten thousand people. A person who can raise a virtuous person, constantly enrich himself in virtue and cultivation, continuously, be loyal, credible, tolerant, generous, and good at governing troubled times, such a general is a general of 100,000 people, and can command an army of 100,000 people. Able to treat his subordinates with benevolence, and convincing the country, knowing astronomy, good at interpersonal relations, knowledge and geography, looking at the four seas, governing the country as if governing the country, governing the country as governing the family, harmony and perfection, such a general is the general of the world, can govern the whole world.

There are eight evils in taking the bad husband as the way to general, one is greedy and insatiable, the second is jealous and jealous, the third is trustworthy and slanderous, the fourth is unpredictable, the fifth is hesitant and not self-determined, the sixth is absurd and lustful, the seventh is treacherous and cowardly, and the eighth is cunning and not polite.

The translation is roughly as follows: As a general, there are eight kinds of malaise, which are the taboos of generals in the use of soldiers: First, they never meet their needs for money and materials and are insatiable; second, they are jealous of virtuous and talented people; third, they listen to slander and get close to villains who can speak well and speak flatteringly; fourth, they can only analyze the enemy's situation, but they cannot correctly understand their own strength; fifth, they are hesitant in the face of problems; sixth, they are addicted to wine and cannot extricate themselves; seventh, they are hypocritical and treacherous and cowardly; eighth, they are cunning and discerning, but they are arrogant and rude, and do not act according to the system.

The generals are murderous weapons, and the generals are in danger, and if they are rigid, they are lacking, and if they are heavy, they are dangerous. Therefore, the good general, not strong, not sluggish, favored but not happy, humiliated but not afraid, not greedy for profit, not lewd when he sees beauty, martyrdom for the country, just one will.

The translation is roughly as follows: A weapon is a murder weapon, and commanding a soldier is a great responsibility. Weapons are stiff and easy to be damaged, and the general's task is heavy, so there is a risk. Therefore, a real general does not rely on the strength and prestige of his own troops, he must not get carried away when he is favored by the monarch, and when he is slandered and insulted by others, he is not afraid or retreat, he does not be greedy when he sees interests, and he does not have evil thoughts when he sees beautiful women, but only knows how to defend his family and the country wholeheartedly, and die in his duties.

There will be five virtues and four desires. The five good people are the so-called good at knowing the situation of the enemy, knowing the way of advance and retreat, knowing the reality of the country, knowing the time and personnel, and knowing the dangers of mountains and rivers. The four desires, the so-called war desire is strange, the desire for secret, the desire for quiet, and the desire for one.

The translation is roughly as follows:

The requirements for the general's military practical ability are "five goodness and four desires". The five virtues are: good at perceiving the enemy's troop deployment, good at correctly judging the timing of attack and retreat, good at understanding the reality of the national strength of the warring parties, good at taking advantage of the favorable opportunities for their own side, and good at taking advantage of the rugged and dangerous terrain of mountains and rivers. The four desires refer to: winning by surprise in battle, planning carefully, having many people and things, pursuing quiet and steady, maintaining the unity of the whole army, and working together to resist the war.

The strong and good generals, its rigidity can not be broken, its softness can not be rolled, so the weak to control the strong, to the soft to control the rigid. Pure softness, pure and weakness, it is bound to be cut, pure and strong, it is bound to perish, not soft and not rigid, and it is always in line with the way.

The translation is roughly as follows: A good general should have a character that is strong and fierce, but not stubborn, gentle, gentle but not weak, that is, the combination of rigidity and softness that is commonly heard. Simply being soft and weak will reduce one's strength and lead to failure, and simply being fierce and strong will lead to self-righteousness and doom. Therefore, neither soft nor rigid, the combination of rigidity and softness is the most ideal character trait and the best state.

The arrogance will not be arrogant, the arrogance will be rude, the rude will leave, and the person will be judged. Will not be stingy, stingy will not be rewarded, reward is not good, reward is not fatal, soldier is not fatal, the army is useless, no merit is the country, the country is empty, the country is empty, the country is real. Confucius said: "If there is the beauty of Zhou Gong's talent, he is arrogant and stingy, and the rest is not enough." ”

The translation is roughly as follows: If you are a general, you must not be arrogant, if you are arrogant, there will be inconsiderate treatment of people, there will be rudeness, once rudeness will be betrayed and divorced, and people will be resentful and resentful. As a general, you can't be stingy, if you are stingy and stingy, you will definitely not be willing to reward your subordinates, if the reward is not good, your subordinates will not be willing to do their best in the battle to fight to the death, if this continues, you will not achieve any good results in the war, and the country's strength will be weakened as a result, and the decline in your country's strength means that the enemy is becoming stronger. Therefore, Confucius said: "Although a person has the virtue and ability of Zhou Gong, but he is proud and stingy, then even if he can make a certain contribution, he is not worthy of praise."

There will be five strong and eight evils. Gaojie can be vulgar, filial piety can be famous, Xinyi can make friends, Shen Shu can tolerate the public, and practice can make contributions, and this will be the top five. Seeking can not predict right and wrong, etiquette can not be virtuous, government cannot be righteous and criminal, rich can not help the poor, wisdom can not be prepared, worry can not prevent subtlety, can not be known, defeat can not be without resentment, this is called the eight evils.

The translation is roughly as follows: The standard of moral cultivation of a general is five strong and eight evil. The five strong refers to the five necessary virtues: high wind and bright festival can encourage the world, friendship and filial piety can be famous at home, faith and loyalty can gain friendship, thoughtful and meticulous consideration of problems can tolerate others, and personal practice can make contributions. The eight evils are the eight kinds of defects in virtue: although they are resourceful, they cannot distinguish between right and wrong, they cannot be courteous to the corporals, let alone appoint virtuous people, they do not follow the law when they govern, they cannot guide social customs, they cannot give generous favors, they do not help the poor, they cannot prevent problems before they are burned, they lack wisdom, they cannot think deeply, they cannot prevent the slightest problems, they cannot recommend the virtuous people they are familiar with when their reputation is prominent, and they cannot bear all the responsibilities without complaint when they are defeated.