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In Chinese history, many people believe that the peasant uprising at the end of the Qin Dynasty was caused by the tyranny of Qin Law and the insanity of Qin II and Zhao Gao. Pen × fun × Pavilion www. ｂｉｑｕｇｅ。 ｉｎｆｏ

It's just that Zhang Jiashi can only express this......

However, many people believe that after Qin II succeeded to the throne, he was endowed with heavy burdens, and his usage was more harsh, causing the world to be exhausted and the people to fall into deep suffering.

Zhang Jiashi was noncommittal about this, because given that the Qin Empire was not too easy to pay taxes even after he crossed over. It's just that there is one thing that cannot be ignored, that is, after the establishment of the Qin Empire, the aristocratic privileges of the original Guanzhong Six Kingdoms have basically been eliminated, and compared to the exploitation of these nobles, for the civilians of the Qin Empire's original Six Kingdoms, the pressure should actually be reduced.

And the Daze Township uprising is likely to be a whitewashed lie.

......

History records that the background of the uprising in Dazexiang is mainly because Qin Shi Huang sent people to build the Great Wall in order to resist the Xiongnu, sent 300,000 troops, and recruited hundreds of thousands of people, and mobilized 300,000 soldiers and civilians in order to develop the south. He used 700,000 prisoners to build a huge and luxurious Afang Palace. When the second emperor ascended the throne, hundreds of thousands of prisoners and people were recruited from all over the country to build the mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang on a large scale. The tomb was opened very large and deep, and a large amount of copper was melted down and poured into the foundation to cast the foundation, and the stone chambers, burial tunnels and tombs were covered on it. The second also asked craftsmen to dig up rivers and lakes in the great tomb and pour mercury into it. Then Qin Shi Huang was buried there. After the burial, in order to prevent possible tomb robbers in the future, he also asked craftsmen to install murder equipment in the tomb, and finally cruelly buried all the grave builders in the tomb and did not let anyone come out.

The tomb was not completed, and the second and Zhao Gao continued to build the Afang Palace. At that time, the total Chinese population was only 20 million, and there were about two or three million people who were conscripted to build the Great Wall, guard Lingnan, repair the Afang Palace, build large tombs, and other laborers, not counting children and women. It has spent a lot of manpower and financial resources, forcing the people to complain.

However......

Not to mention the number of troops in the conquest of the Xiongnu and other wars, Zhang Jiashi said that in the historical Lishan Imperial Mausoleum, the wasted civil power is certainly higher than the mausoleum of Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty, but in general, it should be less than the Maoling of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.

Later generations believed that the Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang project was unprecedented, with a large number of workers and a long duration.

The construction of the cemetery project accompanied Qin Shi Huang's political career throughout his life. When he was 13 years old and had just ascended the throne, the construction of the cemetery began. The ancient emperors built tombs during their lifetimes were not the first initiative of Qin Shi Huang, as early as the Warring States Period, it has become a common practice for princes and kings to build tombs during their lifetimes. For example, Zhao Suhou's "fifteen-year longevity mausoleum", as well as the mausoleum of the king of Zhongshan in Pingshan County, was also built during his lifetime. However, Qin Shi Huang advanced the time of the emperor's mausoleum to the early days of his reign, which was a little improvement of Qin Shi Huang. The cemetery project was built for 39 years, and it was not completed until the death of Qin Shi Huang, and the second emperor Hu Hai succeeded to the throne, and then it was basically completed after more than a year of construction.

Throughout the cemetery project, it can be divided into three construction stages.

Initial stage. From the accession of King Qin to the 26 years of unification of the whole country, the design and construction of the main project of the cemetery project were carried out successively in this stage, and the scale and basic pattern of the cemetery project were initially laid.

Mid-term stage. From the unification of the whole country to the 35th year of Qin Shi Huang, it lasted 9 years, which was the large-scale construction period of the cemetery project. A maximum of 720,000 prisoners were used for large-scale construction, and the main project of the cemetery was basically completed.

Final stage. From the 35th year of Qin Shi Huang to the winter of the second year of Qin II, it lasted more than 3 years, and this stage was mainly the finishing works and soil covering tasks of the cemetery. At this stage, the uprising of Chen Sheng and Wu Guang broke out, and they hit the vicinity of the water less than a few miles away from the cemetery, when the Qin Empire was in danger.

At this time, Zhang Han, who had been promoted to the Shaofu order, suggested: "The thieves have arrived, and the public frontiers are not in time for the county today, and there are many disciples in Lishan, please forgive them and give troops to attack them." The second emperor immediately played and ordered Zhang Han to lead the Xiuling army to fight back against the rebels, and the cemetery project that had not yet been fully completed had to be hastily completed.

And the source of this record of 720,000 convicts is in fact impossible to verify, and the fact that Zhang Jiashi understood is that if there were 720,000 felons in the Qin Empire at that time, who would dare to let these people concentrate in Xianyang, once the riot started, the military strength of the entire Neishi region could not be suppressed.

As for whether these prisoners will have minor offenders, this is not impossible, but mainly these minor offenders come from the internal history or other surrounding counties, and will not be recruited from all over the country.

Although the grain production of the Qin Empire was not low, it was clear that it did not want to waste too much grain in this area for no reason. Moreover, Qin Law did not have a corresponding regulation that minor offenders needed to travel long distances to the Inner History.

It's just that even so, the Lishan Imperial Mausoleum is indeed the largest known mausoleum of a monarch in the pre-Qin period.

......

When later generations excavated the Lishan Imperial Mausoleum, there were many questions:

1: What is the scale of the Lishan Imperial Mausoleum?

The Qinling underground palace is actually 260 meters long from east to west, and 160 meters from north to south, with a total area of square meters. The Qinling Underground Palace is the largest underground palace in the Qin and Han dynasties, and its scale is equivalent to 5 international football fields. Through archaeological drilling, it has been further confirmed that the deep and grand underground palace is a vertical pit type.

Sima Qian said "wear three springs", then he said "it has been deep". It shows that the depth of digging is to the point where it can no longer be dug, how deep is the deepest underground palace?

The mysterious underground palace once aroused the interest of Mr. Ding Zhaozhong, a physicist of Chinese descent. He used modern high technology to study and write an article with three scientists including Chen Ming, speculating that the depth of the Qinling underground palace was meters. Now it seems that this speculation is almost fantastical. Assuming that the underground palace is dug to 1,000 meters, it exceeds the drop between the location of the mausoleum and the Beishi Wei River. In this way, not only is it difficult to drain the water of the underground palace, but it will even cause the danger of the water of the Wei River backing up into the underground palace of Qinling.

Although this inference is too different, it is the first to use modern technology to explore the mysteries of the Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang. Experts and scholars in the field of cultural relics, archaeology and geology have also made many research and explorations on the depth of the Qinling Underground Palace. According to the latest drilling data, the Qinling underground palace is not as deep as people think. The actual depth should be close to the depth of the tomb of Zhiyang No. 1 Qin Gong Cemetery. In this way, the actual depth from the mouth of the underground palace pit to the bottom is about 26 meters, and the deepest depth to the surface of the Qin Dynasty is about 37 meters. It should be said that there will be no major errors in this data, which is based on the current exploration results.

2: How many gates does the Lishan Imperial Mausoleum have in the underground palace?

On September 17, 2002, the world witnessed the process of archaeologists exploring the interior of the pyramid on live television.

When the archaeologists put the robot in from the opening of the first stone gate, they did not expect the robot to run into another stone door. The world-renowned archaeological project of the pyramids had to be put on hold.

The pyramid dungeon may have more than two doors. So, how many tomb gates were built in the Qinling Underground Palace?

The question of the number of doorways in the Qinling underground palace has already been answered. It's just that it hasn't attracted the attention of scholars.

It is clearly recorded: "After the major event is completed, it has been hidden, closed in the envy, under the outside of the envy door, all the craftsmen are closed, and there is no comeback." "The coffin and burial goods were all placed inside the middle gate. The craftsman was busy working inside the middle door, and suddenly "closed the door and went down to the door." ”

The craftsman "has no comeback" and has also become a funeral object. There are both middle and outer envy doors involved here, and the inner envy door is self-explanatory. The three gates of the dungeon seem to be irrefutable. It is worth noting that Sima Qianzhong Xianmen used the word "closed", and the outer Xian door had the word "down", indicating that the middle Xian door was a movable door that could be opened and closed, and the outer Xian door was placed from top to bottom. The Zhongxian Gate may be horizontally inlaid in the clamp groove of the two walls, and it is a large stone door that cannot be opened. The Inner Door may be similar to the Middle Door. The three envy gates are most likely in a straight line.

3: What is the meaning of "astronomy"?

What is the meaning of the record of the Qinling Underground Palace, "with astronomy at the top and geography at the bottom"?

Mr. Xia Nai, a famous archaeologist in later generations, once deduced: "'Astronomy on the top, geography on the bottom' should be painted on the top of the tomb or line carved sun, moon, and star charts, which may still be preserved in the Mausoleum of the First Emperor of Lintong today." In recent years, murals similar to "astronomy" and "geography" have been found in the Han tomb of Xi'an Jiaotong University.

The upper part is a wall of the sun, moon, and stars that symbolize the sky, and the lower part is a mural representing mountains and rivers. It can be inferred from this that the upper part of the Qinling Underground Palace may have a more complete map of the 28 constellations, and the lower part is the geography of mountains and rivers represented by mercury. In this underground "kingdom" that symbolizes heaven and earth, the soul of Qin Shi Huang can still "look up at astronomy and look down on geography" and rule everything here.

4: The mystery of burying "mercury" in the dungeon?

In fact, this mystery has been solved: the Mausoleum of the First Emperor uses mercury as a river and a sea, and there is a similar text in it. However, the exact presence of mercury in the mausoleum remains a mystery.

The development of modern science and technology in later generations provided the necessary prerequisites for verifying the ancient unsolved case of buried mercury in the Qinling Underground Palace. Geologists Chang Yong and Mr. Li Tong have come to the Mausoleum of the First Emperor twice for sampling.

After repeated tests, it was found that there was indeed a "mercury anomaly" in the soil samples of the Mausoleum of the First Emperor. In contrast, soil samples from other places contain little to no mercury.

Scientists have concluded that the record of large amounts of mercury buried in the Mausoleum of the First Emperor is reliable. Modern technology has finally solved the eternal mystery of burying "mercury" in the underground palace. As for why a large amount of mercury should be buried in the underground palace? The Northern Wei scholar Li Daoyuan's explanation is: "The use of mercury as rivers and seas lies in the fact that mercury is used as the four rivers, the hundred rivers, and the five mountains and Kyushu, which has a geographical potential." Originally, mercury was used to symbolize the geography of mountains and rivers, which corresponded to "Shanggu astronomy".

However, in this way, the description of some things becomes very interesting.

It is recorded that after Xiang Yu invaded Guanzhong, he destroyed the Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang on a large scale, destroyed the ground buildings, and excavated the Emperor's Mausoleum.

It is recorded that there was a child grazing sheep near the Qinling Tomb, and as a result, a sheep fell into the hole, and the child went to the cave with a torch to look for it, but unexpectedly walked into the Qinling Underground Palace, causing a fire and burning the coffin of Qin Shi Huang.

And to what is written, he added: "The shepherds seek the sheep and burn them, and the fire is not quenched for ninety days." ”

In the last years of Xinmang, the Red Mei army excavated the tomb of Qin Shi Huang and melted down the excavated burial tools and copper coffins to obtain copper.

During the Wei and Jin dynasties, Shi Hu, the ruler of Later Zhao, stole and excavated the Qin Tombs.

At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Huangchao invaded Guanzhong, and the Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang experienced a large-scale destruction. There are legends about the Huangchao robbing the Qin Tomb in the past dynasties, and the Ming people are all Mu Yun: "The inner city of the Mausoleum of the First Emperor is Friday, there are four gates in the old way, and the outer city is twenty miles around, and its sites exist, from the south to the south, the two Qiu side by side, the human day: this south gate also." The right door stone pivot is still exposed in the soil, the height of the mausoleum can be four zhang, Xiang Yu, Huang Chao are all tasted to be made. Old Man Yun: The first emperor was buried in the mountain, and this is a special empty mound ear. ”

The incident of Huangchao's theft of the Qin Tomb recorded by Du Mu is not recorded in the old or new, so many scholars have questioned its authenticity.

In the fifth dynasty, the warlord Wen Tao once again excavated the tomb of Qin Shi Huang on a large scale in the name of raising military salaries.

During the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, the Qin Tomb was once again patronized by tomb thieves. When the local government learned of it, it immediately sent people to investigate, and after discovering the theft of the cave, the entrance of the cave was sealed with physical objects without leaving a trace, and strict care was taken to prevent it from being stolen again. However, such a major event is not recorded in the local annals, so it may be the modern version of "the shepherd seeks sheep and burns them".

In the early years of the Republic of China, warlords were fighting, the political situation was chaotic, and the society was in turmoil, and the warlords in Shaanxi once again excavated the Qin Tomb. Liu Zhenhua was a warlord in Henan Province who began his career during the Beiyang government. In 1926, he led 100,000 "Zhensong Army" from western Henan to Guanzhong, and besieged Yang Hucheng and Li Huchen in Xi'an City for 8 months. Liu Zhenhua's theft of the Qin Tomb occurred during his reign in Shaanxi, and it was not just a Qin Tomb that was stolen and excavated by him.

In addition to Liu Zhenhua, Sun Lianzhong, a second-class general of the former National Revolutionary Army, also "dug trenches" on the Qinling Tomb. The insider later said that Sun Lianzhong was secretly crossing Chen Cang, pretending to be a mausoleum, but he was actually robbing the tomb.

These historical records of the excavation of the Lishan Imperial Tomb show that if the internal environment of the Lishan Imperial Tomb had enough lethal mercury content, then the fate of these tomb robbers would not be good.

But so many accounts seem to be true, so there is also a possibility that the mercury content of the Lishan Imperial Tomb is not enough to make people die immediately.

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