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The purpose of Zhang Jiashi's miniaturization of the cluster establishment was not only to improve the centralized combat capability of the troops, but also to make up for the serious loss of military personnel in the Great Qin Empire. Pen @ fun @ pavilion wWw. ｂｉｑUｇE。 ｉｎｆｏ

At the peak of the Great Qin Empire, the strength of the army was not 1.23 million, but nearly 2 million, and at least 1.7 million.

The estimate of the strength of 1.23 million troops is mainly based on the records and descriptions of the strength of the Qin army.

The number of troops of more than 1.7 million is an interesting addition.

This record may come from part of the content of later generations, and one of these records is that before the outbreak of the Battle of Yinshan in Hetao with the Xiongnu in 216 BC, the Great Qin Empire once again recruited a large number of troops, and the number of troops recruited, the content of Liye Qin Jian did not specify in detail, but from the corresponding estimates, it is very likely that the number of 300,000 troops under Meng Tian's command was correct, and the troops along the Great Wall were not drawn to fight.

That is to say, just counting the 300,000 troops under Meng Tian's command, then the number of conscripts is at least more than 200,000.

And when you add the increase in military forces elsewhere, the estimate of 1.8 million troops is not outrageous.

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Zhang Jiashi knew that there were many misunderstandings about the Great Qin Empire in later generations, especially after the Liye Qin Jian and the Zhangjiashan Han Jian were unearthed one after another, the historical face of the Great Qin Empire was gradually swept away by the dust of history.

During the Qin Dynasty, slavery actually existed, but according to the corresponding records of the Qin law, these slaves did not have the same "colleagues" of later dynasties and could not be guaranteed accordingly.

Qin Jian: On the second day of the third year of Renyin, the Qianling Shou dared to speak: Ling: Heng Yishuo sold the number of migrants on the Shuo day.

Slaves are concubines, city lords, and ghosts. This sentence is to the effect that one day in February of the 33rd year of Qin Shi Huang, the Qianling Shou Cheng Dushou asked the higher government for instructions on whether the number of slaves he bought was in accordance with the law. It is not difficult to see from this passage that the official slave trade was involved. This shows that after Qin Shi Huang unified China, the Great Qin Empire still had slave trading activities, and the law does not seem to strictly prohibit it, otherwise there would not be a process of subordinates asking their superiors for instructions on whether the number is in line.

It's just that a closer look at the historical records, whether it is the historical records or the Warring States Policy, it is not clearly pointed out that the Great Qin Empire or even the Qin State after the Shang Dynasty changed the law to eliminate the slave trade.

Record: Fight hard in the industry, cultivate and weave to the point of corn and silk to recover their bodies, and those who are poor and sluggish at the end of the matter are regarded as reaps. The "孥" here is the same as the usage of "孥" in "Zeliang is endless, and sinners are not wrong". The inadequacy and the poor were taken into slavery, which shows that this feudal reform was not complete, and this problem still existed in later generations of Qin.

In addition, the Shang Dynasty rewarded those with outstanding military merits by granting knights, land, wealth, and a certain number of slaves, which also became an important reason for the slave trade activities in the later Qin Dynasty. To sum up, slavery did not die under the feudal system, on the contrary, it had its own space and field of development, and it was not really abolished until the Yongzheng period.

In Liye Qin Jian, there is a description that refers to: Qin Shi Huang destroyed the Six Kingdoms, unified China, and established a unified feudal empire, but how to operate normally within the empire, so that intelligence and news can be transmitted in a timely manner, and how to make letters and goods exchange between the people. Now let's take a look at one or two from the content of Qin Jian. The "postman", that is, the postman, is a full-time person who transmits important and urgent official documents, and can enjoy tax reduction and exemption treatment during the Qin Dynasty, and belongs to the government personnel of the Qin Dynasty. As it contains: "The postman travels two hundred miles in one day and one night." "Order the postman to make books and urgent books, and don't order them to do anything else."

This position is very hard, requires time and energy, and guarantees that there can be no mistakes, but it is a position that many people dream of, a certain Qin Jian recorded: the first month of the third year of Wuyin Shuo Jiawu, Huling townsman dared to say: Chengli Dianhuling mailman is missing, except for the scholar Wucheng Li, become a pawn, and become a postman.

It basically means that there is no one to serve as the postman in Huling Township, so the township chief asks the superior to appoint the person he recommended, but Qin Jian in the back shows that the superior rejected the Huling Township Chief's request report. On the one hand, it may be that this person has a relationship with the township chief or that the leader has a candidate in mind; on the other hand, it may be because of the importance of the postman, who needs to go through the actual assessment and meet the standards before he can be appointed. Whatever your reason, it can be seen from this that Qin's postman position is not available to everyone, which shows his official status.

At the same time, a certain Qin Jian recorded: In February, the eleventh moment of water is two, and the postman can do it. In Qianling, it is generally transported by unitary water, especially in Xiangxi, a plant called reeds can be seen everywhere, and candle wicks are generally made from this.

More than 2,000 years ago, under the candlelight of reed poles, official documents were copied in this way, and sent by postmen, i.e., special messengers, along the Youshui River to other regions, providing a new way of disseminating information. The postal service is very complete.

Some people in later generations believed that the "moving the tomb to the post line Dongting" on the Qin slip was equivalent to the postage mark used. "Youyang County Yincheng" is the imprint on the seal with cement when people sent letters at that time, which is equivalent to the sealing strip used today. This is a necessary procedure for the official delivery of the letter to ensure that the mail reaches its destination safely.

At the same time, there are also differences in the speed of mail, for example, the "fast line" in Qin Jian, which is to let the messenger deliver the mail at the fastest speed, which is equivalent to today's express mail. And in the end, the postman is not only responsible for delivering letters, but also for delivering parcels.

The content of a certain Qin Jian recorded: In April of the second year of the third year, Shuo Jiayin, the tomb was moved to guard the Chengse and dared to sue Youyang Cheng: the main order of the history of the Luo Wei Zhishu has arrived, and he dares to sue the lord.

The gist of it means: On the ninth day of the fourth month of the 32nd year of Qin Shi Huang, the shou Cheng Se of Qianling told the county magistrate of Youyang that the cloth and money you asked for had arrived in order, and he would like to inform the person in charge. From this point of view, it shows the thoroughness and complexity of the mail.

According to the record of "post" in the Qin Jian, it can be seen that the Qin Dynasty's intelligence transmission method was based on the actual situation in various places, with diversity, and the completeness of the postal system, so as to improve the safety factor of arrival. In addition, there are restrictions on the object of "postmen", and there is a high threshold for communication personnel.

And one thing that made Zhang Jiashi a little stunned was that this relatively primitive postal system was actually more of a continuation of the postal system of the Qin State itself.

The emergence of this postal system can actually be regarded as guiding the timeliness of Qin's message transmission, and it is very likely that in the Battle of Changping, Bai Qi quickly replaced Wang Su as the commander of the Qin army, and this situation was used as a guide.

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As the main area of Qin Jian known to later generations, Qin Jian in Sleeping Tiger Land is basically about Qin law.

In later generations, some people sorted out some of the contents of Qin Jian in Sleeping Tiger Land accordingly:

Qin Law adopted heavy regulations for the situation of not being saved:

There are thieves who kill and injure people, and they don't help others, and they are in the middle of a hundred steps, and they are the second class.

To convert it from the perspective of later generations, this sentence means that the offender kills and injures people on the street, and the people around him stand by and do not rescue, and those who are within a hundred steps of each other will be fined heavily.

In the Qin Dynasty, "in a hundred steps", that is, people who were a hundred steps away from the incident did nothing and wanted to be second-class. In other words, it is necessary to fine!

When a thief enters a room, the thief injures his armor, and the first number of the thief does not exist, and his neighbors, pawns, and elders do not exist, and they do not hear the trumpet, and they ask whether it is appropriate to talk about it?

What if the suspect breaks into the house and hurts someone, and the people inside call for help, but in the end there is no one to help?

Qin Lu replied that if the neighbor is not there, the neighbor has nothing to deal with, but if the pawn and the three elders are not there, they will be punished accordingly.

From this, if something happened to your neighbor's house in the Qin Dynasty and you were not there, then it would be fine, but if you didn't save yourself when you saw death, you could use the above clause as the basis for the crime. It's just that if a nearby official or a wanderer is not at home, then they will also be punished.

A plotted to send B to steal and kill people, received ten cents, and asked B what to say if he was not six feet high?

Someone buys murder and injures people, but the murderer is a minor who is not six feet tall, what is the crime of buying a murderer and instigating people?

Qin Lu replied: Whoever buys and instigates the murderer will be punished.

In terms of the law in this aspect, it is very interesting.

What exactly Sikong did during the Qin Dynasty is not clearly pointed out at present, but from the description of Sikong in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Sikong in the Qin Dynasty should refer to a small official who dealt with civil affairs in a place:

Take charge of water and soil affairs. Where the city is set up, the ditch is dredged, and the grave is repaired, the benefits are discussed and the merit is built. Where the Quartet water and soil work, at the end of the year, the most rewarding and punishing will be played in the palace. In all the things of the suburbs, the palm sweeps away the musical instruments.

And the description seems to support this:

The formwork used by the county and the prefectural officials to build the wall made of sticks and planks, and the horizontal timbers on the wooden frame of the wall clock, were broken because they could not bear the force, and the wooden pavilion of the cart was so overwhelmed that it broke on the top of the crane, and they were all reported to be worn out and written off.

The government borrowed the government-owned ox cart...... The borrower's place. Those who have private officials and chariots, and borrowers who do not feed the oxen properly, make the oxen thin and barren, and do not repair the cart, and cause the cart to overturn, and the wheels of the cart are twisted, and the chariot is not covered properly, and the grass fence and the umbrella of the cart are broken, and the person in charge of the ox cart and the officials and officials who receive the ox cart are guilty.

Officials and officials can receive their monthly rations and fodder for their official cattle in ox carts. Wealthy officials should buy grease and glue for their vehicles, and think that they are sufficient. A glue workshop should be set up to repair the government-owned carts.

For each car to be prepared and repaired, use one tael of glue and two-thirds of the grease. Repair the vehicle to open the glue, according to the amount of the distraction of the glue use. If the car is not running fast, you can refuel as appropriate.

The county and the metropolitan government used willow or other wood that was soft enough to write and cut it into a wooden square for writing, and if there was no wooden square, a woodblock could be used. Those who are covered with Suga grass in the mountains of the county shall be bound with Suga, and those without Suga grass shall be sealed with cattail, bluegrass and hemp. These should be stored more at the time of harvest.

"Those who are guilty of redemption and who owe debts to the government shall be interrogated on the date prescribed by the judgment, and if they are unable to pay compensation, they shall be paid with hard labor for eight yuan for each day of labor, and six for each day of food given by the government."

Those who serve in the government and are given meals by the government shall be one-third of each meal for men and one-quarter of a meal for women. Those below the rank of public servant shall pay for the sins of atonement and death with hard labor, and shall serve the labor of the city and the city, but they shall not wear red prison uniforms, and shall not be clothed with wooden weapons, black ropes, and shin pliers. Ghost salary, white rice.

Those who were not punished by the subordinates, and those who were served as servants of the city to pay for their debts, were to be given red prison uniforms, and to be supervised with wooden weapons, black cords, and shin pliers, and if they were allowed to flee, the supervisor was guilty. Baozi and above shall use labor to pay for the sins of atoning for the death of the person who has been sentenced to atonement. Those who serve in the government are not supervised.

If they are detained for a long time without interrogation, they are guilty of the great husband, the Cheng and the husband of the government. Substitution of service by means of labor to settle a debt of redemption may be permissible as long as the strength and weakness are comparable. Handicraft workshops and merchants who owe debts shall not be substituted by others.

If a family has two or more persons who work to pay for the debt and have no one to take care of the family, one of them may be released and they may be asked to serve in turns. If a person pays for a debt with hard labor, and some require someone else to serve with him, it may be permissible, but it cannot exempt that person from the obligation to serve in the army. Whoever is unable to bring his own clothes shall be given clothes by the government and told to compensate him with labor according to the law.

Those who work in another government office to pay off their debts and are far away from the original accounting office, should notify the original accounting office of the number of days of work and the number of clothes received by the end of August, and deliver them to the end of September; It is permissible for a people who have a slave, male or female, and a horse or ox, to be paid for by their servitude. ”

This content can be said to be the embodiment of the Qin law being more humane than the laws of other feudal dynasties, because from the perspective of Sikong Law, if you owe money to the government, you can also repay the debt through labor, and these labor officials also take care of food......

He shall not be ordered to pay for debts with hard labor. If the number of Chengdan Sikou is not enough to supervise the rate, the subordinate concubines can be supervised rated. Those who work the same as Chengdan Gong to pay off the ransom debts with labor, and those who should be supervised by Chengdan Fu Jian or Chengdan Gong, shall be supervised by one Chengdan Sikou for every 20 people. If the number of co-workers is insufficient, the sentence of a chengdan who has worked for more than three years can be commuted to a chengdan co-ordination.

......

Zhang Jiashi's financial expenditure has risen sharply in the past few years, and in addition to military spending, Zhang Jiashi is unwilling to choose to revise too much of the content and continue to use it, which can be said to have a great relationship.

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