Chapter 38: Abraham, the Ancestor of the Hebrews
readx;? Eighteen years after the reign of Amos I, Amos I captured Avarius, destroyed the Hyksos dynasty, and expelled the Hyksos from Egypt. Pen, fun, and www.biquge.info
The Seventeenth Dynasty of Egypt experienced a total of 10 kings and years.
> Hebrews:
According to the Old Testament, the Jewish classic, the earliest ancestral name of the Hebrews was Abraham, a God-given name that means "father of many nations."
Abraham was around the same time as Hammurabe, the sixth king of ancient Babylon, in the late 18th century BCE. From this statement, it can be concluded that he was born before the year (the time of Hammurapi's death), and the year is tentatively set to the year, when the city of your was destroyed by the war between the Larsa dynasty and the Isin dynasty and the subsequent war with the Babylonian dynasty.
Abraham was forced to flee the war-torn land of Mesopotamia with his people, part of the Western Semitic Amorite tribe.
Because the Syria passage to the west had been opened, it was smoothly moved to Canaan, the "Promised Land" and "Land of Hope," in what is now Palestine. It is said to be a land of abundance where "milk and honey flow" everywhere.
Canaan is a small area on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea (150 miles north and south, 75 miles east and west) with high mountains and fertile river valleys. Sandwiched between Egypt, Babylon, Assyria, Persia and other great powers, it was a military and commercial transportation artery. As early as the year, a nomadic part of the Western Semites came to Canaan, named Canaanite by the name of the place, and gradually broke away from the nomadic life and engaged in settled agriculture, under the influence of Egypt and Ebra civilization, once created their own "Canaanite culture", and established some city-states, but never established a civilization system.
The Canaanites at that time called the invaders "Hebrews," which means "those who came from the other side of the river" ("river" refers to the Euphrates). Hebrew, translated from English. In Jewish language, the correct pronunciation of the word should be "ivri", which means "river crosser".
Abraham led his people on a long journey to Canaan. Abraham assimilated the local Canaanites with the more advanced Mesopotamian civilization, and because they were of the same race, they did not face much resistance, thus establishing the Canaanite civilization. Abraham is revered as a common ancestor by both modern Jews (Israelis) and Arabs.
In fact, there was no concept of Arabs and Israelis at that time, and all people were called Hebrews, so to speak, the later Arabs were derived from the Hebrews. And the ancestor of the Arabs, Ishmael or Esau, may be an adjunct, just as the dynastic ancestors of Chinese feudal society can be traced back to the Yellow Emperor.
In fact, during this period, the Hebrews were widely distributed in the Arabian Peninsula and established many secession regimes, all of which were based on Abraham, so Abraham is also known as the "father of nations".
According to the Semitic scriptures, Abraham (pronounced Ibrahim in Arabic) had two sons:
Ishmael: (Ishmani in Arabic) The son of Abraham and his concubine Hagar. The Qur'an considers him to be the ancestor of the Arabs, and the Esiman believers consider Ishmael to be their spiritual ancestor, but according to scientific research, only a small percentage of the Arab lineage is from Ishmael.
Isaac: The son of Abraham and his wife Sarah. Isaac had two more sons—Jacob (later Israel; Arabic pronunciation: Jel-kubaim) and Esau (later Edom).
The Qur'an of the Arabs considers Ishmael to be their ancestor, but in fact Esau married Ishmael's daughter and was the ancestor of the Arabs.
According to the Old Testament, James was the patriarch of the Jews, and Judaism considers the Old Testament to be the covenant of God and the "sons of Israel."
Isaac was the heir of God's promise to Abraham, the only son of Abraham when he was 100 years old.
Jacob's mother was Rebekah, the granddaughter of Abraham's brother Nahor, the daughter of Petuliel, and the sister of Laban.
Isaac's wife, Rebekah, was barren after marriage, and Isaac prayed for her. God answered his prayers. Rebekah gave birth to twins, Esau the eldest and Jacob the second. Jacob was born with his brother Esau's heel in his hand, hence the name Jacob.
Jacob's brother was Esau, whose name means hairy because he was born covered in hair. Esau is also known as Edom. Jacob, envious of his brother's birthright, took the opportunity to obtain his birthright with a bowl of red bean soup. And in the blessing of his father Isaac, Jacob deceived Esau's blessing. Esau hated Jacob because of this. This is the historical source of the enmity between the Edomites (the ancestors of the Arabs) and the Israelites.
After Jacob had deceived his father Isaac into receiving the blessing of Esau, he fled from Esau's presence because Esau wanted to kill him. With the help of his mother, he fled to his uncle Laban (i.e., Canaan). From then on, one of Jacob's tribes lived in Canaan, married his uncle's daughters, Leah and Rachel, and had twelve sons and one daughter.
Later, Egyptian influence gradually penetrated into Canaan.
Joseph, also known as Zaphanathbanea, was the eleventh son of Jacob and the first son born to Rachel. Rachel named the child Joseph, which means "to add," indicating her desire for God to give her another son.
Joseph is not mentioned again until he was seventeen years old, when he and his brothers tended the sheep for their father. The father loved Joseph more than his brother because he was born in his old age and was the first son born to his beloved wife. Because of this, Joseph's brother hated him. When Jacob made Joseph a new, long-sleeved, floor-length garment, a very expensive garment at the time, they became more and more jealous of him.
When Joseph told them about the fact that he had seen his brothers bow down to him in a dream, they hated him all the more. Later, Jacob told Joseph to go to Shechem to find his brother and his flock, and they sold him to merchants who were going to Egypt.
It was about a year old, at the time when the Hyksos dynasty ruled Egypt. This pharaoh may have been the founding pharaoh of the Hyksos dynasty (fifteenth dynasty), Apelanath.
When the brothers took his new garments, stained them with goat's blood, and brought them home to Jacob, Jacob thought that Joseph had been devoured by wild beasts, and was very grieved.