Emperor Yi, reigned from 1110 to 1102 BC.

Di Yi, the surname of the child, the name of Xian.

In 1110 BC, Wen Ding's son Di Yi succeeded to the throne of the Shang Dynasty and was the twenty-ninth monarch of the Shang Dynasty, with Yin (Anyang, Henan) as the capital.

Jizi, the surname of the son, the name Xu Yu, was the official Taishi (prime minister) during the period of Emperor Yi and his son Emperor Xin.

Bigan, surnamed Zi, the younger brother of Emperor Yi, was intelligent and studious at an early age, and assisted Emperor Yi of Shang with a high position as a young master (Yaxiang) when he was young.

Bigan advocated reducing taxes and forced labor, encouraging the development of agricultural and animal husbandry production, advocating smelting and casting, and enriching the country and strengthening the army.

After Emperor Yi succeeded to the throne, the Shang Dynasty had tended to decline.

At that time, the Yi side between the Jianghuai and Huai was stronger than the Wuyi period, and was preparing to attack the Shang Dynasty in a big way.

In the second year of Emperor Yi (BC1109), Chang led the Zhou tribe to attack the Shang Dynasty.

In order not to be attacked by things, Di Yi gave birth to a young daughter of Wen Ding who was beautiful and dignified, married Ji Chang, and apologized to the Zhou people. After the Shang Emperor Yi eased the conflict with the Zhou people, he began to prepare for war with all his might to deal with the attack of Dongyi. And Ji Chang also realized that the national strength of the Shang Dynasty was still very strong, and in a short period of time, Zhou was not an opponent of Shang, and he still needed to continue to accumulate strength and wait for the opportunity.

In the third year of Emperor Yi (BC1108), Kunyi (belonging to Xirong) attacked the Shang Dynasty, and the Yi side also took the opportunity to attack. Emperor Yi adopted various breakthrough strategies, first sending the general Nan Zhong to lead his army to the west to resist the attack of Kunyi, and to build Shuofang City. Yi Fang saw that Kunyi was repulsed, so he retreated.

In 1106 BC, Emperor Yi's army set out to conquer Yifang (human side, corpse side), but was intercepted by Meng Fang (called Chuan Guan in Xia, Diqiu, Sui County, Shangqiu, Henan) on the way and was forced to return to the division.

It can be seen from the location of Yu Fang that at that time, Dongyi's forces had penetrated deep into Henan and entered the birthplace of the Shang State, and Di Yi had to attack.

In February 1106 BC, Emperor Yi led a coalition of princes to defeat Yufang. In September, the Shang army entered the Youguo (Suzhou, Anhui) in the Huaishui Valley, and Emperor Yi ordered the monarch of Youguo to lead his own army to attack Yifang. The Shang army marched eastward from the eastern town of Dayi Shang (i.e., Suiyang District, Shangqiu, Henan) to the eastern border city of Yiyong (dozens of miles west of Youguo), and used it as a base to engage the Yifang army. Di Yi commanded the merchant army to advance slowly in formation and attack the Yi army. At the same time, he ordered the two wings to carry out a flanking attack and defeated the Yi side in one fell swoop.

In May 1104, the Shang army returned to the vicinity of Shangdu Yin, which took 260 days.

In the same year, due to the threat of Dongyi, Emperor Yi moved the capital from Yin (Anyang, Henan) to Qi (Hebiqi County, Henan).

Di Yi's eldest son, Wei Ziqi's mother, had a humble status, so she couldn't make him his heir. The mother of the young son Di Xin was the main family, so Di Yi established Di Xin as his heir, which was the later king of Shang. According to the records of "Lü's Spring and Autumn Period" and "Imperial Century", Wei Ziqi and Di Xin are the same brothers, when Wei Ziqi was born, his mother was still a concubine, and Di Xin was born after being made queen. Emperor Yi wanted to make him his heir because Wei Ziqi was older, and Taishi thought that Wei Ziqi was a concubine and Di Xin was a concubine according to the etiquette law, so Di Xin was established as an heir.

In 1103 BC, Di Yi once again led the princes on an expedition to Yifang, arriving at Hire (Heze Juancheng County, Shandong), Qi (Zibo, Shandong) and other places, and in March 1162 BC, he won the victory class. On the way back to the division, Di Yi died of illness.

Family members

Father: Shang Wang Wending

Wife and concubine: Emperor Yi has two concubines.

Son:

Weizi Qi (Song Weizi), the eldest son of Emperor Yi, was the first feudal monarch of the Zhou Dynasty vassal state of Song.

Wei Zhong (Wei Zhongyan, Song Wei Zhong), Wei Zi Qi brother, the second monarch of the Song State.

In the sub-period, the Shang Dynasty vassal state Hao was the first king, and the surname Hao was the ancestor. According to the "Tongzhi Clan Strategy" and the "Words and Deeds of the Mingxian Clan", when Emperor Yi ascended the throne, he sealed his son in Haoxiang, Taiyuan (now Taiyuan, Shanxi, one said to be near the west of present-day Shaanxi), and his descendants took the surname of the fief and called Hao.

After Di Yi died of illness, he was buried in Yin.

After the death of Emperor Yi, he was succeeded by his son Emperor Xin (King of Shang).

Emperor Xin (纣) BC1101--1050

Emperor Sin, reigned 1101-1050 BC.

Di Xin, the surname of the child, the name of the Shou, the nickname of the Emperor, also known as the Shoude, the King of the Shang, the King of Shang, the King of Yin, the thirtieth monarch of the Shang Dynasty.

Di Yi has three sons, the eldest son is called Wei Ziqi, the second son is called Wei Zhongyan, all of them are concubines, and the third son is called Shou Xin, who was born in the main palace. Emperor Yi once wanted to establish Weizi Qi as the crown prince, and the ministers all advised that the son of the main palace should be established. So, he made Xin the crown prince. After the death of Emperor Yi, Xin succeeded to the throne, this is Emperor Xin, King Wu of Zhou called the world "纣" after the Shang Dynasty, because the law on the "纣" means that the righteousness is bad and good.

Emperor Xin is gifted, eloquent, quick to act, very receptive, and has great strength, able to fight beasts with his bare hands. He is wise enough to refuse the advice of his subordinates, and his words are enough to cover up his own mistakes. He boasted in front of the ministers by his talents, and exalted himself everywhere by his prestige, believing that all the people in the world were inferior to him. If you use one word to describe it, it is wise and martial, rigid and self-serving.

Many famous kings in history have such character traits, such as Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, Taizu of the Ming Dynasty, and Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty. Therefore, the king would rather choose an ordinary successor than an outstanding successor in all aspects, because they do not know how to be modest, they are always successful, they cannot accept the advice of others, and they even have a rebellious mentality, deliberately doing the opposite. Therefore, once frustrated, it is easy to have the mentality of self-abandonment and let the situation continue to deteriorate.

In 1161 BC, Di Yi's son Di Xin succeeded to the throne of the Shang Dynasty, with Yin (Anyang, Henan) as his capital.

According to "The Romance of the Gods": In the first chapter, Di Yi was mentioned, saying that he had three sons, and "King Shou" (that is, Di Xin, King of Shang) was the youngest son. Before his death, Emperor Yi entrusted King Shou to Taishi Wenzhong. According to historical records, Emperor Yi's ministers of Tuogu include Wang Bo Taishi Jizi and Wang Shu Shaoshi Bigan, while Wen Zhong is not recorded in the history books.

The Shang Dynasty has always implemented the system of brother to brother, that is, as long as the king dies, the brother is still there, although there is a son, the brother must inherit it, which is the cause of the rebellion of the early Shang Dynasty IX.

Therefore, after arriving in Wuyi, in order to fundamentally solve this problem, the Shang Dynasty began to abandon this system and implement the father-son inheritance system.

This effectively deprived the brothers of their inheritance, and from Wu Yi onwards, there was constant infighting. Therefore, Di Xin's accession to the throne is actually contrary to the interests of Jizi and Bigan.

The author believes that Di Yi was worried that his elder brother Jizi and younger brother Bigan would take away his son's throne, so out of the scene, he had to arrange for Jizi and Bigan to assist Emperor Xin in handling the government, and the most important military power would definitely arrange his real henchmen to assist Emperor Xin, so as to line up the influence of the brothers on the army. And this general is very likely to be Wen Zhong, who did not leave his name in the history books.

Therefore, in fact, Di Yi left at least three ministers for Di Xin, Wang Bo Taishi Jizi, Wang Shu Shaoshi Bigan, Jizi and Bigan were mainly court politics, and the most important military aspect was Wen Zhong.

Although Wu Yi had reformed the inheritance system, if the Shang king had no way, Jizi and Bigan were indeed qualified to become the new Shang kings.

"Mencius: Ten Thousand Chapters" states that Mencius explained to King Xuan of Qi the difference between the Qing of noble relatives and the Qing of different surnames, saying:

The king said, "May I ask your relatives?" He said: "If you have a big mistake, you will admonish, and if you don't listen to it repeatedly, you will be transposed." The king changed color and said, "The king is not different." The king asked the ministers, but the ministers did not dare not take it seriously. Wang Seding, and then asked the secretary with a different surname, and said: "If you have a mistake, you will admonish, and if you don't listen to it repeatedly, you will go." ”

After the king made a mistake, the secretary of the noble relatives and the secretary of the different surname began to treat it in the same way, which was to admonish. If the king does not listen, the final way of dealing with it is different: the secretary with a different surname has to leave disappointed, and the secretary of the noble relatives can take his place.

Mencius's words reflect the characteristics of the dictatorship of the clan aristocracy in the early state stage, which is called "God changes the son, and the nobles change their positions".

At that time, people regarded the change of throne and power as a matter between royal families with the same surname (royal relatives) and noble relatives (relatives of the opposite sex), and outsiders were not allowed to interfere. This is also the tradition of many dynastic successions in history, such as the Shang --- relatives of King Wu of Zhou, from the perspective of matrilineal, the ancestors of the Shang Dynasty were also the ancestors of King Wen of Zhou and King Wu of Zhou, so they were eligible to obtain the throne, and Emperor Wen of Sui --- relatives of the Northern Zhou.

From this tradition, it can be seen that the powerful ministers in history married their daughters to the emperor, in fact, they were preparing for the change of dynasty, because as a powerful minister of the opposite sex, only by becoming a relative can he be qualified to become a new son of heaven. If you don't follow this tradition and are eager to pull the emperor off the horse, you will become a rebellious minister and thief who has been infamous in the history books for thousands of years.

After Di Xin succeeded to the throne, due to the rise of the Zhou people, threatening the west of the Shang Dynasty, originally, when Di Yi was in power, he planned to move his troops to attack Zhou after defeating Yi Fang, but because Di Yi's reign was too short, so he asked Di Xin to eradicate the hidden danger of Zhou. Because Emperor Xin ascended the throne at the beginning of the year, the emperor's throne was unstable, so he had to make a false accusation and greatly reward the princes from all walks of life, especially the appointment of the nine marquis, the marquis of Yan (the marquis of E), and the marquis of Zhou as the false titles of the three dukes.

The Marquis of E, the father-in-law of Emperor Xin, was fiefdom in Qinyang City, Jiaozuo, Henan.

Ji Chang, reigned 1112-1061 BC.

Ji Chang, Ji surname, name Chang. Born in 1152 BC.

In 1112 BC, Ji Li's son Ji Chang inherited the title of West Earl of Zhou, and was called Xibohou by the people of the time, and was posthumously named King Wen of Zhou by King Wu. Qi (Qishan County and Fufeng County, Baoji, Shaanxi) is the capital. At this time, Ji Chang was 40 years old.

During the reign of Qi, Ji Chang pursued the rule of virtue internally. "Historical Records of Zhou Benji" records that Ji Chang followed the business of Houji and Gong Liu, followed the law of his ancestor Gu Gong and his father Ji Li, and advocated the social atmosphere of "benevolence, respect for the elderly, mercy for the young, and sage under courtesy", so that the social economy of the Zhou State could develop.

During the Jichang period, it was already in the embryonic period of the feudal system, and the implementation of Yumin politics was to collect taxes in moderation, so that the peasants could have savings to stimulate their interest in labor.

Ji Chang adopted the policy of "91 and help", that is, dividing the fields, allowing farmers to help cultivate the public land and pay one-ninth of the tax. As long as the peasants collectively help cultivate the middle public land when cultivating the eight private fields, and use the harvest of this public field to hand over to the government, the harvest of the other eight fields is completely owned by themselves. This is the first time that the Ida system has been implemented.

Merchants do not charge customs duties when they come and go, some people commit crimes and their wives do not sit and wait, the punishment is greatly reduced, and the story of painting the ground as a prison happened during the reign of Ji Chang.