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According to the clues provided by Dong Duyi, Ge Weihan, director of the West China University Museum, and Lin Mingjun, assistant Lin Mingjun, formed an archaeological team in the spring of 1934, which was licensed by the Sichuan Provincial Department of Education, approved by the Guanghan County Government, and presided over by Luo Yucang, the magistrate of Guanghan County, to conduct a ten-day excavation near the discovery of jade artifacts by Yan. Pen | fun | pavilion www. ｂｉｑｕｇｅ。 ｉｎｆｏ

The excavation harvest is rich, and a total of more than 600 pieces of cultural relics have been unearthed, including pottery, stone tools, jade beads, jade pestles, jade bi, jade gui, etc., which were later handed over to the West China University Museum for collection. The results of this archaeological excavation were compiled by Ge Weihan into the "Hanzhou Excavation Briefing", which was published in the "West China Frontier Monthly" in 1936, in which the unearthed cultural relics were named "Guanghan Culture".

It is a pity that after the founding of the People's Republic of China, Sanxingdui has not been taken seriously, and has been reduced to a place for local brick factories to take soil, and the huge mound has gradually been razed to the ground, reflecting the disregard for culture in that era, which is outrageous.

The large-scale excavation of Sanxingdui that began in the 80s of the last century actually originated from the jade that was dug up during the soil extraction operation of the brick factory, which is really distressing.

From July to September 1986, two large Shang Dynasty sacrificial pits were excavated, and nearly 1,000 pieces of precious cultural relics such as gold, copper, jade, stone, pottery, shellfish, and bones were unearthed. Among the thousands of bronzes, gold, and jade artifacts unearthed from the Sanxingdui sacrificial pit, the most distinctive ones are three or four hundred bronzes. Among them, the types of bronzes unearthed in the No. 1 pit include human heads, human faces, human masks, kneeling figures, dragon-shaped ornaments, dragon-shaped pillars, tiger-shaped vessels, Ge, rings, Qi-shaped square holes, dragons and tigers, sheep, urns, covers, plates, etc. The bronzes unearthed in the No. 2 pit include large bronze standing figures, kneeling statues, human heads, human masks, animal masks, animal faces, altars, sacred trees, sun-shaped vessels, eye-shaped vessels, eye bubbles, copper bells, copper ornaments, copper Ge, copper Qi-shaped square holes, birds, snakes, chickens, monsters, buffalo heads, deer, catfish, etc.

Among them, the gold scepter is 142 centimeters long and weighs 780 grams, and is all wrapped in pure gold skin. The staff is engraved with a portrait of 181 centimeters high, a base of 79 centimeters, a total height of 260 centimeters, and a weight of about 300 catties. It is the oldest and largest bronze vessel unearthed in the world. The bronze sacred tree is 350 centimeters high, and there are many birds and beasts, bells and various fruits hanging on the tree, which is a special artifact for ancient wizards. In addition, more than 40 kinds of bronze heads and more than 10 masks have been unearthed. The discovery of this unprecedented batch of precious cultural relics in Sanxingdui has advanced the history of ancient Shu civilization by 1,500 years, so it has caused a sensation in the world archaeological community.

Sanxingdui ruins unearthed pottery to high-handled beans, small flat-bottomed jars, bird's head-shaped spoon as the basic combination of the formula, among which there is a bottle-shaped cup, it is Sanxingdui unearthed a very local characteristics of the utensils, it is made into a flare, thin neck, round flat bottom, very similar to the ceramic wine bottle used to scald wine in the northern region of our country today, and the wine bottle used by the Japanese to drink sake is very similar. Pottery also has more discoveries in the ruins, quite distinctive, generally three or forty centimeters high, the lower part is three bag-like feet, the middle is empty, can increase the capacity, it is generally believed that it is used to warm the wine utensils, its jade ware is to sacrifice to the heavens and ceremonial day, Zhang, especially the jade Bianzhang, which is known as the "king of Bian Zhang", its remnants are up to 159 centimeters, 1.8 centimeters thick, 22 centimeters wide, its processing is exquisite, the edges and corners are distinct, its body is engraved with ornamentation, such a large piece of exquisite jade, only this one is found in the existing archaeological discoveries in China.

In the excavation of two sacrificial pits in Sanxingdui, a total of more than 80 ivory tusks were also unearthed, and its origin and function have a variety of views in the academic circles, some believe that it is through trade, and some believe that the ecological environment in the ancient river is suitable for the survival of elephants, and its evidence is mainly found in the local area A large number of semi-fossilized ebony, the monomer is huge. But regardless of its source, it can be considered a symbol of the ruler's wealth.

Sanxingdui unearthed bronzes, there are different shapes of bronze heads, unearthed face are painted, and perforated in the earlobe, used to hang earrings and earrings, it seems that our ancestors love beauty. In addition to these bronze statues, there are many sacrificial statues, etc., and there are various animal and plant shapes of different forms, among which a large number of fine cultural relics such as the bronze chicken, which is known as a masterpiece of realism, and the bronze sun-shaped vessel unearthed for the first time in China. They are all significantly different from the Central Plains culture, which shows that the Sanxingdui culture is not only a typical representative of the ancient Shu culture, but also an ancient civilization center in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, thus once again eloquently proving that the origin of Chinese civilization is pluralistic and integrated.

Sanxingdui cultural relics also fill an important gap in Chinese archaeology, aesthetics, history and other fields. Make the world need to re-evaluate the ancient Chinese civilization, Sanxingdui cultural relics, up to 3.95 meters, set "Fusang", "Jianmu", "Ruomu" and other sacred tree functions in one of the bronze sacred trees, which is divided into three layers, there are nine branches, each branch stands a bird, it is not a bird in the general sense, but a kind of sacred bird on behalf of the sun. Known as the bronze statue of the king of bronze statues, the bronze longitudinal mask of the ancestor of the Shu people, known as the king of masks, as the "longitudinal eye" of the ancestor of the Shu people, the bronze longitudinal mask of the silkworm cong idol, up to 1.42 meters, as a golden scepter of the scepter, its body is engraved with exquisite and mysterious ornaments, two birds facing each other, two fish with opposite backs, and an arrow is pressed on the head of the fish and the neck of the bird, and there is a human head full of mysterious smiles. The jade edge zhang decorated with patterns on the body and dozens of bronze human heads similar to the size of a life-size head are all unprecedented.

The types of artifacts unearthed in the two pits, except for some common bronze vessels and jade tools in the Xia and Shang dynasties in the Central Plains and pottery common in Bashu cultural sites, are mostly new artifacts that have never been found in the past, such as bronze group statues, bronze god tree groups, bronze sun-shaped vessels, bronze eye-shaped vessels, golden rods, gold masks, etc. The artifacts unearthed in the two pits are not only huge in quantity, rich in variety, complex, novel and mysterious in cultural outlook, but also peculiar in shape, extremely high in specification, exquisite in production, fully reflecting the highly developed bronze casting technology, gold smelting and processing technology, jade processing technology and unique aesthetic consciousness and religious belief of the Shu Kingdom in the Shang Dynasty.

The No. 1 and No. 2 sacrificial pits are not only the essence of the entire Sanxingdui site, but also represent the highest achievement of the ancient Shu civilization. Their discovery provides rare material for the study of the history of the Bronze Age in the Bashu region of China, fills some important gaps in the history of Chinese bronze art and culture, greatly changes people's traditional understanding of the social development level of the Sichuan Basin in the Shang Dynasty, and will surely cause people to re-examine the origin and early development process of ancient Chinese civilization, and has an irreplaceable position in the research of Chinese archaeology.