readx;? The main Assyrian cities during the Central Assyrian Kingdom were Ashur, Qalhu (Nimrud) and Nineveh, all located in the Tigris River valley. Pen | fun | pavilion www. ｂｉｑｕｇｅ。 ｉｎｆｏ

At the end of the Central Assyrian kingdom, Nineveh was much smaller than Babylon, but still one of the world's major cities (population approx.). By the end of the Neo-Assyrian period, however, Nineveh had grown to a population of about the largest city in the world.

The Central Assyrian kingdom was well organized and under the close control of the king. At that time, the king also served as the supreme priest of the god of the country, Ashuer, and the system of theocratic integration was actually theocratic.

The king had certain obligations in terms of religious beliefs and had to provide resources to the temple. The priestly class became the upper echelon of Assyrian society. The relationship between the royal power and the priestly class has always been good. It was only after the murder of Tukuleti Ninurtha I that tensions between the royal power and the priestly class began to erupt.

Ashur Ubarit I, reigned for years.

In the year Ashur Ubarit I succeeded to the throne of Assyria, he moved his capital to the city of Ashur (pronounced very close to Assyria), and the kingdom of Central Assyria was established. Later Assyrian rulers adopted the title of King of Assyria.

In the capital city of Taytu, one of Tushrata's sons conspired with his vizier to kill his father, Tushrata. Then he wanted to kill his brother Shatiwaza, and Shatiwaza was forced to flee.

As a result of his actions, the situation in Taitu was violently unstable, and Artatama II of Sutuwara seized the opportunity to march and reunite the divided kingdom of Mitanni, with Sutuwara as its capital.

In order to ease relations with Assyria, Brnabrias II, the king of the Third Babylonian Dynasty, married Mubalitat Shuruwa, the daughter of the Assyrian princess Ashulat I, as queen.

Artatama II unified Mitanni just as the people of Mitanni rejoiced in the unification of the country. A new conspiracy is brewing.

The unification of the two sides, both Hittite and Mitanni, was happy, but only Assyria suffered from the loss.

Artatama II's son, Shutarna III, had military power and had long wanted to replace his father on the throne, but Artatama II had always had good relations with the Hittites, and Shutarna III did not dare to act rashly. If there is no way to resist the Hittites, both internal and external pressures will make it impossible to gain a foothold.

Ashur Ubarit I used the pro-Assyrian faction within Mitanni to gain a clear understanding of the situation within Mitanni.

Knowing the mind of Shutarna III, Ashul Ubarit I established direct contact with Shutalna III, promising to help Mitanni defend himself against the Hittite threat after he took the throne of Mitanni.

After receiving this assurance, Shutarna III finally let go of all his worries.

In that year, Shutarna III staged a mutiny and killed his father, Artama II.

Artama II, who had been a good friend of the Hittites, was killed, and the pro-Hittite forces within the Mitanni royal family were dealt a heavy blow.

When Shutarna III came to power, he signed a treaty with the Assyrian king Ashul Ubarit I, ceding part of the land on the border between Mitanni and Assyria to Assyria in exchange for Assyria's support.

Shutarna III wisely maintained good relations with Assyria and returned to Assyria the gates of the royal palace (the Golden Gate and the Silver Gate) that had been plundered from Assyria, which had been snatched back to Vashukani from Assyria during the reign of King Saushitatar of Mitanni. Such booty became a political symbol of Assyria's submission to Mitanni. Now that they have returned to Assyria, Assyria has become a political entity equal to Mitanni.

Neither Assyria nor the Hittites actually wanted to see Mitanni reunited. In particular, the Hittite king Supiruliuma I was even more disappointed, and the killing of his supporter, Artatama II, made the Hittite losses even greater. The original signed treaty of cession was not recognized by Shutarna III, and its territory in northern Syria was threatened by Mitanni.

After three years in power, Shutarna III felt that his strength had increased greatly, and in that year, he eliminated the pro-Assyrians in Mitanni. Although Mitanni did not fight against Assyria, he showed his intention to reject Assyria's participation in Mitanni's internal affairs, and reasserted himself as the suzerainty of Assyria, and began to become arrogant in his dealings with Assyria.

The reunited Mitanni faced threats from both the Hittites and Assyria. The two countries began to connect.

In that year, Ashur Ubarit I, king of the Middle Kingdom of Assyria, married the Hittites and allied themselves with the Hittites against Mitanni.

It can be seen that at that time, in order to confront Mitanni, Ashur Ubalit I contacted almost all the major influential powers at that time, and his diplomacy was deeply rooted in the essence of the united front, concentrating all the forces that could be used by the Hittites, Kassites, etc.

At the same time, Assyria also reached an agreement with the Egyptian pharaoh Itnut Ayi to jointly deal with the Hittites, and Ayi agreed to Assyria's intervention in Mitanni.

Assyria was pressuring from the southeast, while the Hittites were pressuring from the northwest.

In that year, Ashur Ubarit I launched an attack on Mitanni, Shutarna III was defeated, and Mitanni's vassal state of Nuzi on the east bank of the Tigris River was conquered and destroyed by Assyria. Assyria became truly independent and regained its position as the most influential power in Mesopotamia.

Shutarna III had to reaffirm the treaty of alliance with Assyria and further cede the territory of the border to Assyria. In domestic affairs, the pro-Assyrians reappeared, and their arrogance became even more arrogant, causing discontent among the people in the country.

The Hittite king Supiruliuma I declared: "The whole land of Mitanni is depraved, and Assyria and Egypt are about to divide Mitanni." "It sounds more like wishful thinking.

Although Assyria invaded part of the territory of the border region of Mitanni, it was impossible for Mitanni to perish, and Assyria did not have such a great appetite for the time being.

Now the Hittites desperately needed an excuse to meddle in Mitanni's internal affairs.

This brings us to Tushrata's son, Shatiwaza, who is in exile.

After leaving Taytu, Shativaza may have first defected to Babylon, but eventually went into exile to the Hittite, where the Hittite king Shupiluluma I married one of his daughters. Shatiwaza, in the name of King Mitanni, signed the Treaty of Supiruliuma - Shatiwaza with Shupiruliuma I.