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c_t; Yingxiu, the younger brother of Emperor Yingkang of Qinping, was given the title of the second son of Guangwu Jun Yingzhuang. Pen "Fun" Pavilion www.biquge.info [Please go to see the latest chapter of this book]

And Yingxiu's jealousy of Wang Mang mainly lies in two aspects.

The first aspect is naturally that the strength of the Wang family is getting bigger and bigger.

Although the royal family of the Great Qin Empire during this period still has a deep prestige in the world, there is no doubt that with Wang Mang's role as an actor-level sage for many years, the royal prestige of the Great Qin Empire is not as good as Wang Mang, a hypocrite with a very strong reputation, in some aspects.

And Wang Mang's prestige and the situation of the Wang family are mutually supportive, if it were not for the power of the Wang family, I am afraid that Wang Mang, even if he has virtues comparable to Confucius, is just a virtuous minister praised by the government and the opposition.

And with Wang Mang's prestige, the strength of the Wang family can also be further improved again. This can be reflected from the fact that Wang Mang did not become the patriarch of the Wang family.

It can be said that Yingxiu had to adopt a forbearant attitude to deal with the arrogance of Wang Mang and the Wang family at the beginning of her accession to the throne, which was more of a helplessness.

After all, Yingxiu was not the son of Emperor Qin Ping, but because Emperor Qin Ping had no children, Yingxiu was able to inherit the throne of the Great Qin Empire.

And the current situation is not as good as Zhang Jiashi's time, because even if Emperor Qin Ping has no children, it is not the turn of the Zhang family, which is already quite far away by blood, to inherit the throne. This has become a selfishness of the imperial family of the Great Qin Empire.

Of course, the royal family of the Great Qin Empire was relatively prosperous, and naturally they didn't need their relatives to make some choices that they couldn't accept.

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On the other hand, the reason why Yingxiu hates Wang Mang and the Wang family is that Yingxiu's elder brother Ying Boyan became Yingkang's stepson before Yingxiu was selected as the heir of Emperor Yingkang of Qinping.

Before Ying Boyan became Ying Kang's stepson, he had a very good relationship with Ying Xiu's younger brothers, and he can be called an excellent brother.

But a very strange thing made Ying Boyan suddenly die when he went to Xianyang.

This is a very strange thing, that is, after Ying Boyan arrived in Rongyang, he did not go directly to Xianyang via Guandong Road, but was taken to the north of the Yellow River, that is, because on the way to cross the river, the building boat that Ying Boyan was riding suddenly leaked and sank quickly.

This situation, as long as you are not a fool, can be seen to be a conspiracy.

And after the news reached the ears of Yingxiu, who succeeded to the title of Guangwujun, Yingxiu's intuition told him that his brother was killed by someone.

Of course, out of some considerations, Yingxiu did not do something, but chose to endure this situation.

And after Emperor Yingkang of Qin Ping learned about this matter, Long Yan was furious and ordered a thorough investigation of the matter. But an even more strange situation happened, because the corresponding personnel who were basically involved in Ying Boyan's crossing of the river, especially the entourage who took the building boat with Ying Boyan, actually died one after another due to various circumstances;

Although Ying Kang is a mediocre monarch, he is not an idiot. This kind of obvious conspiracy naturally cannot be concealed from Yingkang.

But Ying Kang is very strange, the suspicious Wang family and the Zhang family system do not have corresponding personnel transfers, on the contrary, under the investigation of the intelligence organization controlled by the royal family, this is more of an intervention by external forces.

Ying Kang did not believe that external forces were capable of doing this, but with the death of almost all those who knew about it, Ying Kang was unable to do anything even if he intended to investigate further. [Marshmallow wants to read almost all the books.,It's much more stable and faster than the general station.,There's no ads in the whole text.] ]

What no one expected was that Wang Mang, who was adopted by his uncle Wang Feng, did this kind of thing because of his father's early death.

And Wang Mang, who had become a county guard at that time, chose a very risky way to accomplish this kind of thing.

In fact, Wang Mang did not arrange a plan for Ying Boyan to cross the Yellow River, but only sent a few henchmen to infiltrate Ying Boyan's path forward, looking for an opportunity to assassinate.

And what Ying Boyan's plan to cross the river is, I'm afraid it's already a mystery that no one can solve.

But the cause of Ying Boyan's death was indeed related to the death room sent by Wang Mang in the past, because he pretended to be one of the dead rooms of a fisherman, pretended to rescue Ying Boyan, but actually drowned him in the water for a long time, causing Ying Boyan to become seriously ill and die later.

It can be said that it was later rumored that Ying Boyan's death was related to Wang Mang, which was not entirely groundless.

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If Zhang Jiashi knew about the incident between Wang Mang and Yingxiu, or everything that happened during this period, there is no doubt that he would say a sentence: "Wang Mang is not so much a tyrant and a hypocrite, but an elusive madman who is more practical." ”

The reason why Zhang Jiashi said that Wang Mang is an elusive madman is mainly evaluated in two aspects. These two aspects are Wang Mang's actions and the quite famous Wang Mang reform:

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Wang Mang's reform: also known as Wang Mang's New Deal, is a series of new measures taken by the new emperor Wang Mang to alleviate the increasingly aggravated social contradictions in the late Western Han Dynasty. Including land reform, currency reform, commercial reform, and official name and county name reform.

In the first year (8 A.D.), Wang Mang accepted the Zen concession of Ruziying (Liu Ying) and called the emperor, changed the country name to "Xin", changed Chang'an to Chang'an, as the capital of the new dynasty, Wang Mang opened a precedent in Chinese history through the Fu Ming Zen to be the emperor; Wang Mang embarked on a comprehensive social reform.

Wang Mang imitated the system of "Zhou Li" to implement the new policy, repeatedly changed the currency system, changed the official system and official name, restored the "well field system" in the name of the Wang Tian system, nationalized the salt, iron, wine, currency system, mountains, forests, rivers and rivers, redistributed cultivated land, abolished the slave system, established the five-equal credit (loan system) and the six-scale policy, used public power to balance prices, prevent the exploitation of merchants, and increase the revenue of the state treasury. Rituals such as punishment, etiquette, and field house uniforms have constantly returned to the weekly ritual model of the Western Zhou Dynasty.

However, Wang Mang's restructuring not only failed to save the social crisis in the last years of the Western Han Dynasty, but further intensified various contradictions.

In terms of some reforms, Wang Mang's reforms can be said to be completely unrealistic:

After Wang Mang established the new dynasty, in the central official position, he changed his name to Dasi Nong to Xihe, and later changed it to Nayan, changed Dali to be a scholar, Taichang to be a rank, Da Honglu to be a classic, Shaofu to be a co-worker, Shui Heng Duwei to Yuyu, Guangluxun to be the division, Tai Servant to be Taiyu, Wei Wei to be Taiwei, Zhi Jinwu to Fenwu, and Lieutenant to Junzheng. The names of local officials have also been changed a lot: Taishou was changed to Da Yin (or Zu Zheng, Lian Rate), Du Wei was changed to Tai Wei, and the prefectural order (chief) was changed to Zai. Wait a minute. In addition, Wang Mang also added many new official posts, such as the establishment of the Grand Sima Siyun, the Great Situ Sizhi, and the Great Sikong Siruo in the Central Committee, which were listed in the Jiuqing; the Great Commander was placed in charge of the public service and the imperial affairs, and later the soldiers were appointed as the Upper Secretary; the five major doctors were set up in the form of Si Gong, Si Cong, Si Ming, Si Cong, and Si Rui; and in the localities, the prefecture was appointed as the deputy pastoral officer, and the ministry was placed as the deputy superintendent, and so on.

According to the ancient books, Wang Mang changed the name of Zhilu, and according to the legendary Zhou system, there were 796 fifth-class princes and 1,511 vassals, many of whom did not actually get the fief, and could only receive a few thousand dollars per month.

Therefore, the phenomena of embezzlement and bribery and exploitation of the people's fat and ointment have emerged one after another among officials at all levels. As for the more upright knights, they were destitute and even supported by working part-time jobs for others.

After Wang Mang took power, according to the Jingtian system recorded in ancient books, he issued a famous edict in the ninth year of AD: "Now the name is changed to Tianxia Tian is called 'Wang Tian', and slaves and maids are called 'private belongings', and they are not allowed to be bought and sold." Its male mouth is not full of eight, and the field over a well, the rest of the field to the nine ethnic neighborhood and township party, so there is no field, now should receive the field, such as the system, dare to have a non-well field holy system, can not confuse the public, cast the four descendants, in order to resist the charm. ”

This edict included two contents: First, the whole country's land was renamed "Wang Tian," that is, the private ownership of land was abolished, and the land was nationally owned, and private individuals were not allowed to buy or sell it; a family with eight men could receive land and one well, that is, 900 mu; if a family had less than eight men and the land exceeded 900 mu, the excess part must be distributed to the clan neighbors; and those who did not have land should receive land according to the above-mentioned system. The second is to change the name of slaves and maids to "private belongings" and not to buy and sell. The edict also stipulated that if anyone dared to attack the Ida system and incite people to break the edict, they would be exiled to the border area.

Wang Tian and the private ownership system are the solutions proposed by Wang Mang to the two most prominent social problems of land and slaves since the Western Han Dynasty. Subjectively, Wang Mang saw that the peasants' loss of land was due to the increasingly serious land annexation, and the root cause of land annexation was the sale and purchase of land. Therefore, by stipulating that land is owned by the state and that private individuals are not allowed to buy or sell land, the phenomenon of peasants being thrown out of their land can be fundamentally solved.

In this regard, Wang Mang was more clever than the rulers of the Western Han Dynasty. However, the state ownership of land in the Shang and Zhou dynasties was replaced by feudal private ownership of land as early as after the Warring States period, and after more than 200 years of development in the Qin and Western Han dynasties, by the end of the Western Han Dynasty, private ownership of land had become the main form of feudal land system. Therefore, as soon as the edict to implement Wang Tian was promulgated, it was strongly opposed by landowners large and small. Some landlords and bureaucrats even raised troops to resist.

Han Xu Tinghou Liu Kuai formed a party of thousands of troops to raise troops, and the Zhending landlord Haoqiang also raised troops under the leadership of Liu Du to fight against recklessness. Some of the people who originally followed Wang Mang within the imperial court also raised objections: although Jing Tian was a holy law, it had been abolished for a long time. The Zhou Tao is declining, and the people are not complying. Qin knew that he was obedient to the people's hearts and could get great profits, so he destroyed the Lujing and put it in Qianmo, and then the king Zhuxia did not get tired of it in the sea. Now I want to go against the will of the people, and recover the extinct for thousands of years, although Yao Shun has revived, there is no gradual change of a hundred years, and Fu can do it. The world is initially decided, and all the people are newly attached, and sincerity cannot be implemented

。 In the opposition of the government and the opposition, Wang Mang had to announce the abolition of the "Wang Tian" and "private belonging" systems in the fourth year of the founding of the People's Republic of China (11 AD), that is, the third year after the edict was issued: "All the famous Wang Tian must be sold, and they should not be subject to the law." Those who commit smuggling and buying and selling people will not be cured. ”

From this aspect, Zhang Jiashi has to admire Wang Mang, because the nationalization of land is not something that ordinary people can have the courage to do. Especially in ancient China, the resistance to this was undoubtedly enormous.

Zhang Jiashi also knew that the implementation of land confiscation and nationalization was a good way to effectively curb land annexation and ease social contradictions.

But to use a more popular phrase to describe Wang Mang's actions, this sentence is: "If you don't have such a big head, don't wear such a big hat." ”

That's right, Zhang Jiashi didn't think that Wang Mang had the capital to nationalize the land at all, and after comparing the two, Zhang Jiashi thought that he was already in an environment of breaking down and standing up, as long as there was no need to persecute the original landlord class too harshly, then the nationalization of land must be a good governance.

Of course, what Zhang Jiashi himself did not expect was that more than ten years after his death, that is, when the land rights were first recovered and redistributed, there would be another large-scale uprising in the Jiangdong region.

It can be said that Zhang Jiashi's policy of nationalizing land is certainly relatively moderate and more organized, but there is no doubt that Zhang Jiashi's approach can be said to be too hasty, because Zhang Jiashi chose this approach almost directly in the control area of the Great Qin Empire at that time.

Hawkers, Zhang Jiashi hopes to complete things at once, but he ignores a truth, that is, if you want to hurry, you can't reach it.

However, because of the outbreak of this civil war, although the Great Qin Empire paid a lot of costs, the impact on the Great Qin Empire was very far-reaching.

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In this regard, Wang Mang's craziest thing is his unrealistic currency reform:

The first time was in the second year of his reign (7 A.D.) before his accession to the throne, and he sued to mint large coins, deed knives, and wrong knives in addition to the five baht coins.

After the establishment of the new dynasty, Emperor Mang of Jianxing carried out the second reform in the first year of the founding of the country (9 AD), abolished the five baht coins and knife coins, and issued treasure goods, counting five things (gold, silver, turtle, shell, copper) name (money, gold, silver, turtle, shell, cloth), a total of 28 kinds of currency. Because there are so many types of currencies and it is very difficult to convert, it is very difficult to circulate. So people are still secretly using the five-baht coin. In order to implement the new currency system, Wang Mang took coercive measures and ordered that private coinage was strictly prohibited, and even those who possessed copper and charcoal in private houses were accused of privately minting currency.

Even then, it was not possible to make the new currency circulate smoothly. A year later, Wang Mang was forced to abolish the 28 currencies that had just been introduced, leaving only a small amount of money worth one and five coins and fifty taels to continue to use.

The fourth reform was in the first year of Tianfeng (14 A.D.), abolishing big and small money, and making two kinds of goods cloth and goods springs. The goods spring weighs five baht, and the goods and cloth weigh twenty-five baht, but one goods of cloth is worth twenty-five goods, and the proportion of monetary value is very unreasonable. Far from sorting out the chaotic monetary system, this reform has exacerbated it. Moreover, these reforms were to replace the old coins of higher quality with the newly-minted inferior currency, and then replace the original coinage with the inferior currency, and the people were subjected to exploitation every time the currency was replaced. Because these currencies have no credibility at all, during the period of Wang Mang's monetary reform, prices soared, the social economy was very chaotic, and the people of Li suffered greatly.

If Wang Mang's other policies subjectively had some content to solve social problems, then the currency reform he implemented increased the burden on the people, thus attracting opposition from the top down the whole country.

Zhang Jiashi agrees with a point of view, that is, someone once commented on Wang Mang's currency system reform and said: The failure of China's calendar currency system is due to other reasons, not the shortcomings of the currency itself, and only the failure of Wang Mang's treasure system is completely the failure of the system.

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