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Although the primogeniture system had little effect on the Qin Empire, it was likely that it was very closely related to the short life span of the Qin Empire. Pen Fun Pavilion wWw. ｂiquge。 infoPlease search for the most complete! The fastest updated novel

But there is no doubt that after Qin Xiaogong, Qin was a supporter of the primogeniture system.

......

Qin Xiaogong was born on the 6th of the previous month. In 362 BC, after the death of his father Qin Xiangong, Qin Xiaogong succeeded to the throne. Qin Xiaogong was only 21 years old when he succeeded to the throne.

As early as before the birth of Qin Xiaogong, the Qin State experienced several generations of turbulence in the throne since the Qin Li Gonggong, and the national strength was greatly weakened. Taking advantage of Qin's political instability, Wei seized the Hexi region (the area west of the southern section of the Yellow River between present-day Shanxi and Shaanxi provinces). After Qin Xiangong, the father of Qin Xiaogong, succeeded to the throne, he cut the land, made peace with the Wei State, stabilized the border, moved the capital to Liyang (now southeast of Fuping County, Weinan City, Shaanxi Province), recuperated, and went on several expeditions to the east, wanting to recover the lost land in Hexi, but his wish was not fulfilled and he died.

And Qin Xiaogong was the first monarch of Qin after the restoration of stability during the Qin Xiangong period.

The history books do not say whether Qin Xiaogong is Qin Xiangong's son-in-law or eldest son, but it is very likely that Qin Xiaogong is Qin Xiangong's son after inheriting the throne, not a child born to Qin Xiangong in exile, so although Qin Xiaogong is unlikely to be the eldest son, it is very likely to be a legitimate son-in-law.

The son of Qin Xiaogong is King Qin Huiwen, and in the description of Shang Ying's reform, King Qin Huiwen is the son of Qin Xiaogong, there is no doubt about this:

When Yingsi was the crown prince, he once violated the ban. At that time, there was opposition to the new law, and the law did not work. Shang Ying said: "The law does not work because of the interference of the palace nobles. If the monarch really wants to implement the rule of law, he must start with the crown prince. The prince could not be punished with ink, so he punished his master with ink. Since then, the decree has been carried out unimpeded, and the state of Qin has become better and better, but it has offended the crown prince. When Qin Xiaogong died and the crown prince ascended the throne, he was very unhappy when he thought of the punishment he had received back then. In addition, at this time, the prestige of Shang Ying was extremely high, and every household knew the law of Shang Jun, King Huiwen had scruples about Shang Ying, and Gongzi Qian and a group of people took the opportunity to fabricate rumors that Shang Yang rebelled, so King Huiwen took this opportunity to split Shang Yingche, who had meritorious service to the Qin State, and wiped out his family. Consolidated their rights and position.

And the next King Wu of Qin clearly stated in the history books that he was the son-in-law of King Qin Huiwen:

King Wu of Qin was born in the tenth year of King Huiwen of Qin (329 BC), and was the son of King Huiwen of Qin and Empress Huiwen. In the fourteenth year of King Huiwen of Qin (311 BC), King Huiwen of Qin, Yingdang ascended the throne and was King Wu of Qin.

It's just that King Qin Wu, who could have had the opportunity to become no less meritorious than his younger brother, that is, King Qin Zhaoxiang, died under his own character in a sense:

King Wu of Qin was competitive, and the strong men Ren Confu, Wu Xu, and Meng Shuo were all high-ranking officials. In August of the fourth year of King Wu of Qin (307 years ago), King Wu of Qin and Meng said that the competition raised "Longwen Chiding", but as a result, both eyes were bleeding, the shin was broken, and at night, he died of exhaustion at the age of 23.

King Wu of Qin had no children, and the ministers welcomed the half-brother of King Wu of Qin, Gongzi Ji, who was a hostage in the Yan Kingdom, to return to China to succeed to the throne, and was the king of Qin Zhaoxiang.

In fact, in this understatement of King Zhaoxiang's enthronement, there is a very important news of the struggle for the throne, that is, the rebellion of Ji Jun:

"Historical Records: Qin Benji":

In August, King Wu died. Zu Meng said. King Wu took Wei Nu as his queen and had no children. The half-brother is for the king of Zhaoxiang. Zhaoxiang's mother is a native of Chu, surnamed Mi, and is called the Empress Dowager. When King Wu died, King Zhaoxiang was hostage to Yan, and the Yan people were sent back and established.

In the first year of King Zhaoxiang, Yan Jun's illness was the phase. Gan Mao out of Wei. Two years, see you in the comet. Shu Changzhuang and the ministers, princes, and sons were rebellious, and they were all punished, and Huiwen was not allowed to die a good death. Mourning Queen Wu returned to Wei.

"The Biography of the Marquis":

Marquis Wei Ran, the queen mother of Qin Zhao, the brother of the Empress Dowager Xuan. His ancestors are from Chu, surnamed Mi.

King Wu of Qin, childless, appointed his younger brother as King Zhao. Queen Mother Zhao was named the eighth son of Mi, and King Zhao ascended the throne, and the eighth son of Mi was called the Empress Dowager Xuan. Empress Dowager Xuan is not the Queen Mother of Martial Arts. After the mother of Wu was called Huiwen, King Wu died. The second brother of the Empress Dowager Xuan: her half-brother is called the Marquis of Sui, whose surname is Wei and his name is Ran; And King Zhao's younger brother is called Gao Lingjun and Jingyang Jun. And Wei Ran is the most virtuous, serving as King Hui and King Wu. King Wu died, the brothers contended, and only Wei Ranli was able to establish King Zhao. King Zhao ascended the throne, with Ran as the general, and Wei Xianyang. The rebellion of Ji Jun, and the Wei of the Empress of Wu, the brothers of King Zhao who were not good were all destroyed, and the Qin State was violated. King Zhao Shao, Empress Dowager Xuan's autonomy, and Wei Ran was appointed as the government.

In the early days of King Zhaoxiang's reign, the Ji Jun Rebellion broke out in Qin, and then King Zhaoxiang's titular mother-in-law, Empress Huiwen, and his sister-in-law, Queen Mourning, died at the hands of Empress Dowager Xuan, while the latter was expelled back to Wei.

And this also shows the influence of the primogeniture system in the Qin State, if it weren't for the early death of King Wu of Wei, I'm afraid the Ji Jun Rebellion would not have happened.

And one thing can be seen from these circumstances, that is, King Qin Wu, as his concubine, is undisputed. And the protagonist of Ji Jun's rebellion, Gongzi Ji, may be older than King Qin Zhaoxiang.

......

After quelling the rebellion of Ji Jun and his mother Empress Dowager Xuan, and his uncle Wei Ran were killed and expelled, King Zhaoxiang of Qin officially took over the authority of Qin, which was already known as the head of the Seven Heroes of the Warring States at that time.

At this time, he also officially canonized his eldest son, An Guojun, as the crown prince of Qin.

An Guojun can be said to be the oldest person to be the crown prince of Qin State, and what happened to him is an allusion that has been passed down through the ages, and this allusion is the famous "strange goods can live".

Prince Mourning (?-267 BC), surnamed Ying, Zhao, whose name was not examined, was the crown prince of Qin at the end of the Warring States Period, the eldest son of King Zhaoxiang of Qin, and the elder brother of King Xiaowen of Qin.

In the 40th year of King Zhaoxiang of Qin (267 BC), Prince Mourning died in Wei and was buried in Zhiyang (now east of Xi'an, Shaanxi Province). In 265 BC, King Zhaoxiang of Qin appointed An Guojun (i.e., King Qin Xiaowen) as the crown prince.

An Guojun had more than 20 sons. After An Guojun became the crown prince, he made one of his favorite concubines his very favorite his wife, known as Mrs. Huayang. Mrs. Huayang has never had children.

King Xiang of Qin Zhuang, whose real name is Zi Chu, was a proton in Handan, the capital of Zhao State, when he was young, because Qin State repeatedly attacked Zhao State, and his situation in Zhao State was very difficult. At that time, there was a big businessman Lu Buwei who was doing business in Handan, and he knew about Zichu's situation, thinking that he was a "strange commodity to live in", and decided to make a political gamble, so he went to see Zichu and lobbied Zichu: "I can magnify your court." Zi Chu smiled back and said, "You better enlarge your own courtyard first, and then come to magnify my courtyard!" Lu Buwei said: "You don't know, my courtyard can only be expanded after your courtyard is magnificent." Zichu understood the meaning of Lü Buwei's words, so he led Lü Buwei to sit down with him, and the content of the conversation was very in-depth.

Lü Buwei said: "The king of Qin is already old, and An Guojun has been made the crown prince. I privately heard that An Guojun loves Mrs. Huayang very much, Mrs. Huayang has no son, and only Mrs. Huayang can elect the crown prince. Now there are more than 20 of your brothers, and you are in the middle of the line, not favored by the King of Qin, and have been left as a hostage in the vassal states for a long time, even if the King of Qin dies and An Guojun succeeds to the throne, you don't expect to compete with your eldest brother and other brothers who are by King Qin's side sooner or later for the crown prince. Zichu said, "That's so, but what should we do?" Lü Buwei said: "You are very poor, and you live here, and you can't give anything to your relatives and make guests." Although I, Lu Buwei, am not rich, I am willing to spend my daughter to lobby for you to go west to Qin State, serve An Guojun and Mrs. Huayang, and let them make you the crown prince. Zi Chu then kowtowed and thanked him: "If your plan is realized, I am willing to share the land of Qin with you." ”

Lü Buwei then took out 500 gold and gave it to Zichu for daily life and to make friends, and took out 500 gold to buy rare playthings, and took him west to Qin to lobby, first to meet Mrs. Huayang's younger brother Yang Quanjun and sister, and to present all the things he brought to Mrs. Huayang. By the way, when it comes to Zi Chu's wisdom and ability, the princes and guests he has befriended are all over the world, and he often says, "My Zi Chu regards his wife as his own mother, and cries day and night and misses the prince and his wife."

Mrs. Huayang was very happy. Lü Buwei took the opportunity to ask Mrs. Huayang's sister to persuade Mrs. Huayang to recognize her son Chu as her adopted son. Mrs. Huayang took advantage of An Guojun's convenience to euphemistically talk about Zi Chu, who was a hostage in Zhao State, was very talented, and everyone who came and went praised him. Then he cried and said: "I am fortunate to be able to fill the harem, but it is very regrettable that I do not have a son, and I hope to make Zichu the heir, so that I can have something to rely on in the future." An Guojun agreed, so he and his wife carved a jade talisman, and decided to set up Zichu as the heir, An Guojun and Mrs. Huayang gave Zichu a generous gift, and asked Lü Buwei to be his teacher, so Zichu's reputation is getting bigger and bigger among the princes.

(And Lü Buwei became the middle father of the first emperor, and it is very likely that he was once the teacher of King Xiang of Qin Zhuang and had a very big relationship.) ）

In a sense, it shows that the Qin State attaches more importance to the influence of his son-in-law.

Because Mrs. Huayang has no children, Zichu is just an ordinary concubine, but it can be seen that after she got close to Mrs. Huayang's name, she quickly became the second heir of the Qin State.

......

The First Emperor was also a concubine himself, but after Zichu became a dignitary of Qin, he quickly became a hot person when he returned to Qin.

It's just that the history books also record the rebellion of the first emperor's brother Cheng Jiao. And this point may indicate that Cheng Jiao is the eldest son of Shu, and because after the first emperor returned to Xianyang, he quickly became the heir to the front, and eventually caused the Tunliu rebellion.

However, if Cheng Jiao is really a rebellion, then it may be the son of Cheng Jiao's son, and staying in the Qin State will inevitably end miserably.

It is possible that Cheng Jiao himself was forced to rebel, and his target was not the First Emperor, but someone else.

...................................................... Dividing Line................................................

In addition to the primogeniture system in the pre-Qin period, which seemed to be able to transition smoothly, there were many times when the primogeniture system had twists and turns.

Liu Ruyi, for example, may have violated this system and became an example of the king's independent decision of the heir.

Liu Ruyi is the third son of Liu Bang, the ancestor of the Han Dynasty, and his mother is Mrs. Qi. When Han Gaozu was the king of Han, he took Mrs. Qi as a concubine and gave birth to a son Liu Ruyi. Han Gaozu doted on their mother and son very much.

On December 21, the seventh year of Han Gaozu (200 BC), Han Gaozu named Liu Ruyi as the acting king.

In the first month of the ninth year of Han Gaozu (198 BC), Han Gaozu reduced the title of Zhang Ao, the king of Zhao, to the Marquis of Xuanping, and changed the title of Liu Ruyi to the king of Zhao.

Liu Ying, the crown prince of Liu Ruyi's half-brother, was benevolent and weak by nature, and Han Gaozu thought that he was not like himself, and often wanted to abolish Liu Ying and make Liu Ruyi the crown prince, because Liu Ruyi was like him. Mrs. Qi was favored, and often followed Han Gaozu to Kanto, crying day and night, wanting to set up Liu Ruyi as the crown prince on behalf of Liu Ying. Lu Pheasant was old and often stayed at home, rarely saw Han Gaozu, and became increasingly estranged from Han Gaozu. After Liu Ruyi was named the queen of Zhao, he almost replaced Liu Ying's position several times, but fortunately, the ministers fought hard, coupled with the strategy of leaving Zhang Liang behind, Liu Ying was able to retain the position of crown prince.

And it was because of the existence of Liu Ruyi and Mrs. Qi that Lu Pheasant felt that the status of mother and son was threatened and that his relationship with Liu Bang was deteriorating more and more, and finally added to the waves this time when it was already a foregone conclusion:

On April 25, the twelfth year of Han Gaozu (195 BC), Han Gaozu died. On May 17 of the same year, the crown prince Liu Ying ascended the throne as Emperor Hui of the Han Dynasty.

After Emperor Hui of the Han Dynasty ascended the throne, he honored his mother Empress Lü Pheasant as the empress dowager, and was regent by Lü Pheasant, known as Empress Lü in history.

Empress Lu resented Mrs. Qi and Liu Ruyi's mother and son, so she ordered Mrs. Qi to be locked up in Yongxiang in the palace, shaved off her hair, brought torture instruments, put on a red prison uniform, and did the hard work of making rice. Empress Lu also sent an envoy to summon Liu Ruyi into Beijing, the envoy went back and forth three times, the prime minister of Zhao State, Jianping Marquis Zhou Chang said to the envoy: "Emperor Gao entrusted King Zhao to me before his death, King Zhao is young, I heard that the Queen Mother resents Mrs. Qi and wants to call King Zhao back to kill together, I dare not let King Zhao go." Moreover, King Zhao was also sick and could not go by edict. ”

When Empress Lu heard the return, she was furious, so she sent someone to summon Zhou Chang first. After Zhou Chang was summoned to Chang'an, Empress Lu sent someone to summon Liu Ruyi again. Liu Ruyi has already set off and has not yet arrived in the capital. Emperor Hui of the Han Dynasty was benevolent and knew that Empress Lu was going to be angry with Liu Ruyi, so he personally went to Bashang to greet Liu Ruyi, entered the palace with Liu Ruyi, and took him to eat and sleep together. Empress Lu wanted to kill Liu Ruyi, but couldn't find a chance to do so.

In December of the first year of Emperor Hui of the Han Dynasty (194 BC), Emperor Hui of the Han Dynasty went out to hunt in the early morning, and Liu Ruyi could not get up early to go with him because of his young age. Empress Lu learned that Liu Ruyi was alone in the dormitory, so she sent someone to take poisoned wine for Liu Ruyi to drink. At dawn, Emperor Hui of Han returned to the palace, only to find that Liu Ruyi was dead. After Liu Ruyi's death, he was nicknamed the Hidden King. After Empress Lu got rid of Liu Ruyi, she immediately attacked Mrs. Qi, ordering Mrs. Qi's hands and feet to be cut off, her eyes gouged out, her ears were smoked, she drank dumb medicine, and she was kept in the toilet, calling her a human being.

Judging from this record, although Liu Ying's status is threatened by Liu Ying, the relationship between Liu Ying and Liu Ruyi is not bad, and even brothers, friends, and brothers......

It can be said that if Liu Ying and Liu Ruyi have a bad relationship, I am afraid they will not help Liu Ruyi more. (To be continued.) )

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