readx;? The transition from polygamy to monogamy in the Qi culture shows that men dominate society while women are relegated to subordination and servitude. Pen % fun % Pavilion www.biquge.info

The inhabitants were engaged in agriculture, cultivating crops such as millet, raising pigs, sheep, dogs, and large livestock, cattle, horses, etc.

Some stone shovels have been made of jade with a very high hardness, which has a regular shape and a very sharp edge. The bone shovel is made of the shoulder blade or jawbone of an animal, and the blade is wide and practical, the stone knife and stone sickle used for harvesting grain are mostly polished and perforated, and the stone grinding disc, stone grinding rod, and stone pestle are used to process grain. In general, the number of stone axes, stone shovels, and stone adzes is very small, which may indicate that agricultural production is not very developed.

The pottery is mainly yellow pottery, and there are carved lines, and there are often rope patterns. It is mainly clay red pottery and sand-filled reddish-brown pottery, and the surface of some utensils is covered with white pottery. A large number of pottery is plain, some pots and three-legged vessels are printed with basket and jomon patterns, and there are also a small number of faience pottery, painted with diamonds, grids, triangles, water waves and butterfly patterns, and the lines are simplified and smooth.

The shape of the utensils is mainly flat-bottomed, and there are fewer three-legged and circle-footed devices. Typical utensils include amphorae, plates, mustaches, basins, perforated ring-foot beans, etc., among which the double large ear jar and the high-necked amphora are the most distinctive. The potters of the Qijia culture are also good at using clay to make various human heads and animal statues, with long necks and round cheeks, and eyes looking up; animals such as horses, sheep or dogs, etc., are small and vivid. There are also pottery bottles and drum-shaped bells, which contain a small stone ball, which are ingenious crafts when shaken. Potters have mastered the technique of oxidizing and reducing flame kilns.

Discover the unique jade, its rich connotation, variety, exquisite craftsmanship, convincing.

Copper smelting has emerged, including red and bronze ware. There are knives, cones, chisels, rings, daggers, axes, drills, bubbles, mirrors and copper ornaments. The ruins of Qijiaping unearthed a copper axe with a rectangular chisel and a pair of small buttons, with a sharp blade and a total length of 15 centimeters, which is the largest bronze vessel of Qijia culture. A bronze mirror unearthed from the Gamatai site, with a diameter of 9 centimeters and a thickness of 0.4 centimeters, is flat on one side, and decorated with a seven-pointed star-shaped ornament on the other side, which is well preserved. The production of bronze ware is mostly made by cold forging, and some use single casting and simple combined casting, and the progress of bronze smelting and manufacturing indicates that it entered the early stage of slave society.

The textile industry has developed considerably, and a large number of textile sewing tools such as pottery, stone spinning wheels and bone needles are generally found in residential sites and tombs. Some of the tombs have cloth marks on the skeletons and clay pots. The cloth pattern on a clay pot in Dahezhuang is well preserved, the cloth is like hemp weaving, there are two kinds of thickness, the thick one has 11 warp and weft lines per square centimeter, and the thin warp and weft line is more fine. The clothes worn by people at that time were mainly sewn from this type of linen.

In the Qi culture, there was a custom of human burial, and the martyrs were slaves and victims of tribal warfare. The custom of burial reflects differences in social status and class divisions. The abundance or absence of burial goods in the tombs also shows the social reality of inequality between the rich and the poor. For example, the burial utensils of the tomb of the Emperor Niangniangtai, there are one or two pieces of pottery, as many as 37 pieces, only 1 piece of jade, and 83 pieces of jade. This situation shows that, firstly, the handicraft industry dominated by the metallurgical industry in the Qijia culture is constantly growing, which promotes the development of productive forces, and secondly, it also shows that profound changes have taken place within the society, the emergence of classes, the emergence of private ownership, the collapse of primitive society, and the Qijia culture has entered the stage of military democracy.

Since the establishment of the Xia Dynasty, he gradually abandoned the thrifty tradition of Ji Yu, and had no scruples about "overflowing with lewd pleasures", and made both chimes and chimes, "turbid in wine, Chongqing food in the wild", drinking excessively, and traveling in the fields excessively.

There are many sons, and there are five famous ones:

Eldest son: Taikang

Second son: Yuanyasu

Three sons: Bokang

Fourth son: Zhong Kang

Five sons: Wu (five) view

From the name, it can be seen that the ranking of brothers at this time is Tai, Yuan, Bo, and Zhong, and the ranking of brothers in later feudal society is Bo, Zhong, Shu, and Ji. It shows that Tai and Yuan gradually became the exclusive titles of the ruling stage, and Bo and Zhong evolved from the original representatives of the third and fourth sons to the first and second sons.

The pursuit of wealth and power finally broke the tribal alliance power that naturally occurred under the clan system, and the state emerged, but the pursuit of wealth and power not only did not end, but intensified. After Ji used violent means to end the "Zen concession system", his sons fought for the right to inherit again, which was the Wuguan Rebellion.

In the literature of the Zhou Dynasty, "Xia Youguan, Hu" and "Yu Yousanmiao" were discussed together, among which Hu is Hu, and the view is Wuguan, or five views. He also compared him with Yaozi Danzhu, Shunzi Shangjun, Tangzi Taijia, and Guan Cai, the son of King Wen, and said that "the five kings all have Yuan Deye, and there are adulterous ......", which proves that Ji Wuguan is the "adulterer" of Ji Qizhi.

In BC2207, in the later years of his life, there was a turmoil between the princes, and Wuziguan was banished to Xihe (southeast of Caiyuan Town, Tangyin County, Anyang City, Henan Province).

In 2203 BC, when the question of succession was further on the agenda, Xiwuguan launched a rebellion, following the example of Xiwuguan to violently seize the inheritance, and this power struggle almost collapsed the rule of the Xia Dynasty. Wuguan was captured and returned to Beijing. Wuguan is the five views.

In 2202 BC, Emperor Qi died of illness and was buried near Anyi. Emperor Xia Qi reigned for 16 years. He was 107 years old.

In 2197 BC, after four years of mourning, Qi's eldest son, Taikang, succeeded to the throne. Take 斟Xun (Henan Yanshi) as the capital. This represents a new tradition: only after the death of the Son of Heaven can the new Son of Heaven ascend to the throne, and the military democracy of Chan Concession and the resulting next leader ruling on behalf of the emperor will no longer be practiced.

Although Taikang, the monarch of the Xia Dynasty, was already an old man, he still knew how to play fishing and hunting all day long, ignoring business, which caused great dissatisfaction among Yi and the people of the poor clan led by Yi and his family. Yi said: "The first Fuxi, weddings and funerals, gossip, teaching people to make nets and fishing, reigning in the world." There is Zu Shaohao, a famous official of a hundred birds, and he is also the king of the world. Yanhuang has Cangjie, Yangxu Mountain Qingwen teaches the book of heaven, bird traces on behalf of the rope, and makes words to shock the world and cry ghosts and gods. I am the one who destroys, and the man carries his bow. The iron one, the gold of the Yi. Now Taikang is unkind, and it is a great sin to take the people as dogs. If it is not for the benefit of Yiji's swords, Shi Taikang's guilt is in the world. Today, he raised troops to attack Xia, and it was the luck of all countries!" Then he rebelled, Yi led his troops into the capital, and sent troops to prevent Taikang from returning to the city.