readx;? Queen Nitocres, reigned 2150 BC. Pen, fun, and www.biquge.info

Nitokris was the last ruler of the Sixth Dynasty during the Old Kingdom and the first female pharaoh, who had previously ruled by women, but only as regent and not officially as pharaoh. And Nitokris was the real first female pharaoh.

According to the account, in retaliation, she built a huge crypt and then invited all the noble ministers responsible for the death of her brother King Moreenla II to a banquet, which was attended by hundreds of people. The feast was underway, and she let the river flow into the basement through a sealed pipe. After this terrible revenge, she realizes that she will not escape the murder of their families, so she pounces into a room full of ashes to escape punishment and claims to have committed suicide. Whether she died or not, the Sixth Dynasty officially ended. Or rather, from the time of the death of Pepi II, the Sixth Dynasty had already fallen.

Although the Sixth Dynasty was famous for its military and military expeditions as far south as Africa, the growing power of some provincial governors threatened centralized Memphis, triggering civil strife, combined with a severe drought from 2200 to 2150 BCE, which eventually plunged the country into hunger and turmoil for more than 140 years, known as the First Intermediate Period. After the long reign of King Pepi II of the 6th Dynasty (he is said to have ascended the throne at the age of six and lived for more than a hundred years), the unity of the Old Kingdom was finally no longer maintained, and the absolute monarchy ceased to exist.

The Sixth Dynasty of Egypt had a total of 6 pharaohs (not counting Usalkara, who was regent for only 4 years and did not claim the title of king, and whose reign was counted as the time of Pepi I), 165 years.

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The Seventh and Eighth Dynasties of Ancient Egypt are often referred to as the First Intermediate Period together with the Ninth, Tenth and Eleventh Dynasties.

The rule of the Old Kingdom was weakened due to famine and the weakening of the central power. There is a theory that in the past two or three years, the Nile has flooded less than in previous years, and that rainfall has decreased in East Africa, causing widespread drought and famine and the ensuing collapse of the Old Kingdom.

During the reign of Pepi II of the Sixth Dynasty, he is said to have ascended the throne at the age of 6 and reigned for 94 years. In the latter part of his reign, his ability to rule was greatly reduced, and a dark and turbulent era was ushered in.

After the death of Pepi II, various events took place. People are looking for stability, but the turmoil continues. Pepi II's long reign weakened the central government, and with it the Normaz (local government) increasingly began to assert its independence. The lack of power in the central government fueled the ambitions of the local princes to try to create their own dynasties.

After the collapse of the central power in the late Old Kingdom, the government was no longer able to maintain economic stability. Unable to rely on the king to help defuse the crisis in time, food shortages and political struggles escalated into famine and minor civil wars, with local rulers no longer paying tribute to the pharaoh and using their newfound independence to maintain the prosperity of the provinces. Once mastered their own resources, the provinces became more economically rich - a fact evidenced by the larger and better burials of all strata of society. During this chaotic period, artists in the provinces inherited and adjusted the cultural themes that served the royal power during the Old Kingdom, and the scribes developed and enriched the style of literature, showing the artistic creativity and optimism of the period.

Freed from their allegiance to the pharaoh, local rulers began to compete with each other for territory and power. By 2129 BC, the ruler of Horacleopolis had unified Lower Egypt, and in 2110 BC, the House of Intef of Thebes had unified Upper Egypt. As the Intif family continued to expand its power to the north, conflicts between the North and the South were inevitable. In 2007, the Theban army, led by Mentuhoteb II, defeated the ruler of Horacleopolis. The reunification of Egypt ushered in a new period of economic and cultural revival.

Due to the political instability of the first intermediate period, there is no accurate historical record.

The reign of the Seventh Dynasty was chaotic, and the kings (pharaohs) left few records. There are some sources that mention that the Seventh Dynasty had 70 kings with an average rule of 70 days, showing how bad the political environment was at the time. But in the absence of other historical sources to further confirm it, the author can only think that it is true, even if it sounds exaggerated, if we simply put 70x70 = 4900 days, it is about 13 years. i.e. BC2150-2137.

Famous kings are as follows:

Negelkara

Nefilkara II

Nefilkara Naibe, whose mother was Queen Ankaiseen Peppi II.

Jedkara Shermai I

Nefilkara Ketu u

Merrien Hall

Nefil Camion

Nikara

Nefilkara Tiriru u

Nefil Cahor

Nefilkara Pepiseneb

Nefilkara Pepiseneb may have been the first king of the Eighth Dynasty of Ancient Egypt during the First Intermediate Period. But there is also information that he was still one of the kings of the chaotic period of the Seventh Dynasty. The author believes that the main kings of the Seventh Dynasty were close relatives of Pepi II, reflecting the fierce struggle for power among the royal families at that time, and Nefilkara Pepiseneb was one of the close relatives of Pepi II. So it seems appropriate to arrange it in the Seventh Dynasty.

Chakara Ibi, reigned: 2 years, 1 month, 1 day, 2139-2137 BC.

The name qa-ka-re of Chakara Ibi means "the soul of the god Ra is powerful". His small pyramid was found in Saqara, near the pyramid of Pepi II, which was built in the mausoleum of the last pharaoh in Saqqara. He was probably the last king of the Seventh Dynasty of Egypt. It is also believed that he and the two previous kings were kings of the Eighth Dynasty, but the location of the pyramid shows that he was not only a close relative of Pepi II, but also the last king to place the pyramid in Saqqara, indicating that he was more closely related to the Seventh Dynasty, and the dynasty is usually divided according to whether the king has a foreign surname. So the possibility that Chakara-Ibi is a foreign surname is extremely small.

That is, the Seventh Dynasty went through a total of 70 kings and 13 years.

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