Chapter XXXVII: The Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt
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He initially served as commander of a cavalry unit guarding the Nile estuary.
For the last decade of the 18th Dynasty, Palamis fought at the side of Pharaoh Horenheib and was deeply loved by Horenheib.
He was later appointed by Pharaoh Horenhayb to Upper Egypt and Thebes Vizier, and was given the title of Chief High Priest of Egypt and was responsible for the administration and religion of the country, and was eventually chosen by Pharaoh as his successor.
After the death of Horenheb in 1320 BC, Palamis succeeded to the throne of Egypt and was the first pharaoh of the Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt, with Memphis as his capital.
When Palamis ascended to the throne, he was called Ramses, i.e., Ramses I, which means "son of Ra, the sun god".
The king's name was "Mompatila", which means "the rights of the sun god are eternal".
These names illustrate the new royal power's worship and belief in the god Ra. During the New Kingdom, the god Ra had become one with the god Amun, so as the king of the Nineteenth Dynasty of the New Dynasty, the first action was to restore and renovate the Great Temple of Amun at Karnak.
Soon after Ramses I ascended the throne, he appointed his son Seti I as his successor and co-ruled with him. Seti I, on the other hand, was already an army commander long before Ramses ascended the throne, active in the front-line region of Syria in the war against the Hittites, and attempted to restore Egyptian dominance there.
A month before the death of Ramses I, Seti I also led an army to fight the Hittites against the Hittites in the Palestinian region.
Ramses I died just one year and four months after his coronation.
The short reign of Latin American I marked the transition from the period of Horenheib, which stabilized Egypt, to the period of the great pharaohs of Seti I and Ramses II, who brought Egypt to its zenith.
Ramses I was buried in a hastily built mausoleum in the Valley of the Kings, near the tomb of Horenheib.
Ramses I's mummies were transferred and protected by local monks during the 19th-century Egyptian mummy spree, but they were still resold to the Niagara Falls Museum in Canada and then to the United States. After a series of modern scientific identification, it was confirmed that his identity was Ramses I, the founding pharaoh of the 19th Dynasty of the New Kingdom of Egypt, and finally returned to Egypt in 2003, where it was displayed with his descendants Seti I, Ramses II and other pharaohs.
Seti I, reigned 1318-1304 BC. Also known as Montma-Yatra.
The birth name of Seti I was Setimerian Putah, which means "son of the god Seth, favorite of the god Ptah". His throne name is: Mon-Mayat-Ra, which means: "Amun-Ra of Eternal Righteousness."
Seti I was the son of Ramses I and Queen Setra.
Seti I was already an army commander long before Ramses ascended the throne and was active in the front-line Syrian region of the war against the Hittites.
Soon after Ramses I ascended the throne, he appointed Seti I as his successor and co-ruled with him.
In 1318 BC, the son of Ramses I, Seti I, succeeded to the throne of Egypt and was the second pharaoh of the 19th Dynasty of Egypt, with Memphis as its capital.
Although Seti I, like his father, had his capital in Memphis, he would also go to Thebes and sometimes to Afaris in the northeastern Nile Delta.
Seti chose his first wife, Queen Tuya, from his own military community, the daughter of a chariot commander.
Setti's first son died at an early age, and the second son was Ramses II, born to him and Tuya. He also had two daughters, one named Tia and the other Henutmila, who later became the princess of Ramses the Great.
Seti I, who had served as commander of an army, was more at war than his predecessors and had his sights set on restoring the great empire established during the Thutmose era.
In the first year of his reign, Seti I revived the Egyptian army and launched a large-scale war against the Hittites in an attempt to regain the territories lost by Egypt in Syria and Palestine under Amenhotep IV. It captured the Syrian city of Tyre. Eventually, a peace treaty was made with the Hittites.
A stone tablet in the center of Palestine inscribes the early military activities of Seti I. These attacks reached the coast of Gaza, where Seti I protected the wells on the main trade routes, and then marched further north to towns until he captured the area as far as Tyre.
Six years after the campaign, in 1312 BC, during the attack on Syria and Lebanon, the first decisive battle between Seti I and the Hittites at Kadeshi ended in an Egyptian victory, with a scene carved into Karnak showing the captives captured at Kadishi.
After the victory, Seti I returned to Tigsha, in the Nile Delta.
Seti also launched an offensive against the Libyans in the western desert. We also learn that in the eighth year of his reign, Seti also suppressed a rebellion in Nubia's Ezhan district, where more than 600 prisoners were captured in a seven-day battle.
His son, Ramses II, accompanied his father on expeditions to Syria as a teenager and then to Palestine. In the later years of Seti I, Ramses II served as commander of the army and then governor of Nubia.
The time of Seti I is the greatest period in Egyptian history, artistically and culturally. Judging by the architecture built by Seti I, the quality of the reliefs and other designs cannot be surpassed by later generations.
During the reign of Seti I, construction was carried out on a large scale, and many magnificent buildings were built.
The imposing multi-columned hall in the Great Temple of Amun at Karnak was started by Seti I until his son Ramses II completed it. The reliefs of Seti I are located on the north side of the temple, as evidenced by their graceful style when compared to later works.
In Abydos, Seti I built what is probably the most extraordinary of the ancient Egyptian temples. It has 7 sanctuaries, dedicated to Seti I himself, the god Ptah, the god Ra-Heract, the god Amun-La, Osiris, Isis, and Horus. Before Seti I was transferred to the Valley of the Kings, this temple was the resting place of Seti I.
Interestingly, there is a place inside this temple called the Pharaoh's List Archive. Seti I and his sons are depicted as the earliest pharaohs of Egypt beginning with a long list of pharaohs. However, the pharaohs of the Amarna period were removed as if they had never existed, and the list jumped directly from Amenhotep III to Khorenheib. It shows that the belief in the god Atun is heretical, and the pharaoh who believes in the god Atun has been expelled from the ranks of the pharaohs. It also shows that the ancient Egyptians also had the bad behavior of deleting and revising history.