readx;? Both Egyptian and Hittite texts have been preserved and have been discovered by modern archaeologists. Two versions of the treaty were found www.biquge.info the Pen Fun, a hieroglyph carved into the wall of the pillared hall of the temple of Karnak, and a Babylonian cuneiform tablet carved into clay tablets found during excavations of the ruins of Hattusa, the Hittite capital.

In addition to the illustrative contents, the Daguerreotype includes a preamble and nine articles, namely:

(1) the establishment of permanent peace;

(2) non-aggression treaties;

(3) the obligations of the Hittite kings to carry out the previous treaties;

(4) the obligations of Pharaoh Ramses II of Egypt to implement this treaty;

(5) the obligation of mutual military assistance;

(6) the obligation of the Hittite state not to admit Egyptian exiles;

(7) Egypt's obligation not to admit Hittite exiles;

(8) God's punishment for the violators and the promise of reward for the keepers;

(9) Extradition of exiles, etc.

This peace treaty already had the basic core content of the peace treaty between Western countries, indicating that the international law at that time had already taken shape.

The contract was a reflection of the nature of this protracted war for supremacy between two large slave countries. Not only did Egypt and the Hittites legitimize their occupation of Syria and Palestine by virtue of the paper contract, but the treaty itself became a military alliance treaty in which both sides pledged to support each other militarily in the face of the threat of a third country, and to support each other in the face of internal dangers.

The war between the Hittite and Egypt and the signing of the final treaty are of great significance in the history of international relations in the world. This was the first time in the history of mankind that two great powers in different regions (Egypt in North Africa and Hittite in Asia Minor) had been engaged in long-term wars and negotiations for hegemony and the division of spheres of influence in an important area outside each other's borders. At the same time, other surrounding powers such as Mitanni, Assyria, and Babylon were also involved in this complex military and diplomatic struggle to varying degrees. This also indicates that the relationship between the ancient civilizations in the eastern Mediterranean region has become increasingly close, and they have begun to break the state of isolation, isolation and isolation, and gradually connect organically.

In 1257 BC, Ramses II married the Hittite princess, and the marriage between the two countries deepened the military alliance between Egypt and the Hittite to deal with the threat of Assyria and other states.

Ramses II ordered the capital to be moved from Memphis to the city of Avarius (hence the capital of the Hyksos dynasty) in the northeastern Nile Delta. This is what makes him feel very close to him, because it was where his father's summer residence was built. But there must have been other motives for the location, as Egyptologist Eda Bleciani explains: "This is where Ramses II was born, and obviously this is a major reason. In addition, it was also of military and strategic importance as the capital, as it had to be heavily defended due to its proximity to the eastern border, frequent invasions by foreign (Libya), and an important commercial junction between Egypt and Asia. ”

Ramses II greatly expanded the city of Avaris and renamed it Pell-Ramses (meaning the home of Ramses). The new city is as luxurious as Egypt's other two largest cities, Memphis and Thebes. In the fifth year of the pharaoh's reign, it began to take shape and became his dormitory.

The new capital occupies a very rich land, with abundant farmland, rivers full of fish and shrimp, and warehouses full of food. The inhabitants of the city came from various kingdom territories, such as Libya, Nubia, Canaan, and Amuru. Many of them were former prisoners of war, but they maintained friendly relations with the Egyptians, and all enjoyed a prosperous life here. More than a century after Ramses' death, it continued to thrive.

Anyone who arrives in the city of Pell-Ramses will be amazed by the extraordinary beauty of the capital. The palaces, houses, and the palace of Ramses II himself burst into brilliant colours, and historians describe it as full of "beautiful balconies, halls paved with lapis lazuli and ear stones." "There is a temple at every important point in the city: to the north there is the temple of Uto, dedicated to the patron saint of the ancient capital of the north, the temple of the Asian goddess Astarte to the east, the temple of Seth to the south, and the temple of Amun to the west. The city had quarters for the army and officials, as well as halls for ceremonies for the succession of the pharaohs, and a busy port filled with ships laden with goods.

Ramses II was not only an ambitious conqueror, but also a great architect who preserved the splendor of his time for the world.

Ramses II carried out extensive restoration and expansion works in the country. He built many temples in Abydos and Pelle-Ramses, and the temple of Abu Simbel, which is known for its grandeur. His passion for vast civil engineering projects left his mark all over Egypt, and his deified statues stood all over Egypt alongside the gods, and many of the buildings built by the previous pharaohs were inscribed with his name.

At Karnak (today regarded as one of the most important archaeological sites in Egypt, he was a thriving religious center and where the pharaohs were crowned), Ramses II also left his mark.

The Canak complex consists of a number of religious buildings that were built from the Middle Dynasty to the Roman Empire. The centerpiece of the complex is the Great Temple of Amun-Ra, which was originally built as a sacred area of Thebes, and later named the "City of Amun" by the inhabitants, and near it was also built a temple dedicated to the god of war and the goddess Mut (mut), the wife of Amun.

In the majestic Temple of Amun-Ra, Ramses II completed the construction of the Hall of Pillars, which began during the reign of Amenhoput II and continued during the reigns of Horlenheb and Seti I. The building is a veritable jewel of ancient architecture: it covers an area of more than 5,000 square meters and has 134 giant stone columns supporting the roof, especially the two rows of columns weighing 12 tons in the middle. Ramses had its walls decorated with reliefs depicting ceremonies and ordered the excavation of a sacred lake that has survived to this day. The lake symbolizes the birthplace of all forms of life, where rituals are held dedicated to the sun and Orisses, where the clergy are cleansed before each ceremony.