Chapter XXXIII: The Third Dynasty of your, the New Sumerian Empire
readx;?ā Ulug was defeated, and royal power was transferred to your. Pen @ fun @ pavilion wWw. ļ½ļ½ļ½Uļ½Eć ļ½ļ½ļ½ļ½ā
In 2130 BC, your Namu was appointed governor and established the Third Dynasty of your.
Your Namouur-, reigned 18 years, 2130-2112 BC. Suffix: Namu, Goddess of Chaos.
In 2129 BC, your Namu became king of your and Uruk, and then moved the capital to your. Your became the new political center of the two river basins.
Long before the establishment of the kingdom of your, the Elaman Awan king, Kutik Inshushnak, had already launched a large-scale conquest campaign, proclaiming himself "King of the Four Corners of the World". After taking full control of the Elamite region, he actively sought to attack Babylonia.
At this time, Kutik Inshushnak wanted to attack Akshak in the Akkadian region. In order to prevent the Elamite infiltration into the region, you Namu opposed the Elamite offensive operations. The Elamites feared your strength and withdrew from the Akkadian region.
Because Utu Hegal had almost unified all of Babylonia in the process of expelling the Guti, your Namu, who had inherited his cause without any damage, had only one opponent, Kish (Lagash).
In 2124 BC, your Namu captured Kish. After the kingdom of Akkad, Babylonia was unified and a strong centralized dynasty was established, and the city-states that followed were mere city administrators, no longer enjoying the high level of freedom of the Sumerian Commonwealth. To show his exploits, your Namu used the title of "King of Sumer and Akkad, King of the Four Worlds".
After the Akkadians and the Kuti rule, the Sumerians reunited the Sumerian region, mainly Babylonia in southern Mesopotamia (including the Akkadian and Sumerian regions), which was almost double the size of the traditional Sumerian region.
After the establishment of the Third Dynasty of your, the Code of Urnamo was promulgated, which became famous all over the world. However, this was also the last glorious period of the Sumerians.
The Code of Urnamo is named after its promulgation during the reign of Ur Namu. The Code is based on the principle of preserving rule and easing contradictions, and consists of two parts: the preamble and the main text. In the preamble, the ruler combines power with divine power and celebrates his exploits. The main part of the text deals with slavery, marriage, family, inheritance, punishment, etc. The biggest difference between this code and the previous legal provisions is that fines and indemnities are dominant, which provides a blueprint for the subsequent formulation of the code in the two river basins.
The Code of Urnamo contains about 40 laws, which impose fines for wounding and taking hostages, the death penalty for murder, robbery, rape and unchastity, fines for rape of slave girls, defamation and perjury, and the amount of civil compensation for divorce, breach of contract, property damage, etc.
The legal system of the Sumerian civilization has developed over a long period of time, so the Code of Urnamo is a mature law, the earliest known legal code in the world. With the passage of time, only fragments of the code remain, and it is difficult to see the full picture. However, in this code, your al-Namm established his supreme dominion over the valley of the two rivers in the form of a law. The preamble to the Code says: "Enlil chose him (Urnamo) among the people". This is the tradition of "divine authority of kings" left by the Sumerian civilization from the time of Eredu.
However, whenever the "divine authority of the monarch" is implemented, it also shows the strengthening of centralized power. During the reign of the Third Dynasty of your, the original city-state became a local administrative unit. The "ensi" (i.e., magistrates) also began to be appointed and dismissed by the king, who were mainly responsible for the affairs of the temple, and the salaries were also received from the temple. The power of the old aristocracy is much less than before. This is a far cry from the Sumerian rule that preceded the Sumerian rule, when the cities were once again vying for independence.
During his reign, you built a lot of construction throughout the country, and the huge temple in your is still available for admiration today.
Schulerji, reigned: 46 BC, 2112-2066 BC.
In 2112 BC, your second son, Shulgi, succeeded to the throne of your.
In 2111 BC, the Assyrian king Iru Shuma attacked Babylonia shortly after the death of your Namu, and several cities on your side were plundered.
In 2100 BC, after a long period of accumulating strength, Shu Leji launched a surprise attack on the city of Ashur, annihilating the main force of the Ashur Dynasty in one fell swoop, and the Ashur Dynasty was destroyed.
Schu Legge became one of the few kings in Sumer history to unify all of Mesopotamia.
Intoxicated by his achievements, Shu Leji began to call himself "God Shu Leji", a bolder move than the divine right of kings, and he began to proclaim himself a god, and he had already reached the level of the Egyptians (laughs).
During the Third Dynasty of your, the Second Ebra Dynasty paid tribute to the Emperor and maintained friendly commercial relations. and submit to it in the name of Ebransi. But in fact to maintain an independent status.
The strength of the Third Dynasty of your was undeniable, but its internal contradictions were also extremely acute, and the economic lifeblood of the slave state was also supported by slave laborers. The large number of slaves brought the prestige of the Third Dynasty of your to its zenith.
However, the good times did not last long, and as the country grew, the demand for slaves increased, and so did the exploitation. On the one hand, this led to the division and bankruptcy of the freedmen, and on the other hand, it also caused a large number of slaves to flee.
After the fall of the Ashur dynasty, the Eastern Semites were almost no longer able to threaten the Third Dynasty of your. But the Amorites of Western Semites began to come looking for trouble.
There was a proverb that circulated at the time: "Those who come from the steppe will enter the city and drive the people of the city away." ā
During the reign of Shulgi, the Amorites, who had originally spread over the vast expanses of Akkadian, filled the void of urban slaves after the extinction of the Eastern Semites in large numbers or at least their reluctance to openly admit themselves as Akkadians, becoming the main source of white slaves in the Akkadian region, and thus widely distributed throughout the vast areas of Sumer. The northern region of Silesia was controlled by the Assyrians.
However, because it had not passed through the same stage of civilization as the Akkadians, it could not bear the oppression and began to rebel, even threatening the city of your for a time. The citizens of your were organized to join the army.
Amar Sheen, reigned 9 years, 2066-2057 BC. Suffix: Luna Sin.
In 2066 BC, Shulji's son, Amar Sin, succeeded to the throne of your.
The deification of the monarchy further developed, and Amar Singh proclaimed himself "the god of life for the people of the country."