readx;? It was the Shamash Dynasty that first unified Mesopotamia, because of its shallow foundation, so it could only coexist with the Sumerians in order to learn the achievements of the Sumerian civilization, and the current Akkadian Dynasty, whose civilization achievements came directly from the thousand-year-old Kish, is the essence of the Sumerians, and has the warriors of the Eastern Semitic tribe who are good at fighting, which can be said to be both civil and military. Pen % fun % Pavilion www.biquge.info

In 2371 BC, Sargon became the Sumerian Lugar recognized by Nipur, the holy site of the Sumerian religion.

Sargon jumped to the top of his life three times in his life:

In 2375 BC, he became the rightful king of Kish, and if he had been king of Kish, the priests of the temple of Nipur would have been old from this age.

In 2374 BC, he gave up his position as king of Kish and established the kingdom of Akkad, a vassal state that was not part of the traditional Sumerian sphere of influence, and the priests themselves would not give him a date.

In 2371 BC, after the decisive battle, the kingdom of Akkadian became the Akkadian Empire, and they could be managed, so at this moment Sargon was crowned Lugar. So it is possible that the priesthood was counted from this year, and it was exactly 56 years by the time of Akkadian's death. That is, Sargon of the Akkadian Empire reigned for 56 years, the Akkadian kingdom reigned for three years, and the Kish kingdom reigned for one year. Actually in power for 60 years.

After the unification of the north and the south, Sargon continued to expand abroad. He conquered the Hulians in the region of Apaltu (the traditional Assyrian region including the city of Ashur) in Silesia in northern Mesopotamia, and the Hulians submitted to him but still held control of the region.

Sargon's westward advance first occupied Mari, which at this time belonged to the Second Dynasty of Ebla, destroying temples, palaces and other buildings.

Sargon then continued westward into the Taurus Mountains of Asia Minor and along the eastern shores of the Mediterranean Sea along the Lebanese Mountains, including Syria and Palestine, capturing the city of Ebla and reaching the Mediterranean coast. The Second Ebra Dynasty submitted to Sargon.

In 2363 BC, Sargon launched an expedition against Elamite and defeated the Elamite king Hishep Latab I, subjugating the cities of Awan and Susa. After this expedition, western Elamite became a dependency of the Kingdom of Akkad. However, the local dynasties, like Kish and your, maintained their authority, and the Akkadians controlled them only through military force and the king's officials.

Sargon established the first military empire in human history. He called himself the "King of the Four Corners of the World" and was also known as Sharukin ("King of Justice"). Salgon's daughter wrote a hymn in praise of her father: "The earth trembles with your roar." From then on, the empire established by Sargon became known as the Akkadian Empire, and the Eastern Semites in the valley of the two rivers at that time were called Akkadians.

Sargon led the army and carried out 34 victorious military expeditions. In addition to Sargon's outstanding organizational skills, he served as Kish's minister, and his familiarity with Kish's political, military, and economic conditions is also a factor, and the most important factor is that Kish itself is a strong country, and the strong national strength accumulated over the years is the real foundation of Salgon.

The conquest of the Sumerians by Sargon and his Semitic coalition was the third large-scale invasion of a settled agricultural civilization by nomads after the Aryan invasion of the Harappan civilization, and the first with accurate historical records. There was the Aryan invasion of the Harappan civilization and the invasion of the Sumerian civilization by the Shamash dynasty. Over the next 4,000 years, similar invasions occurred many times around the world, including most of China's history. A large part of ancient history is made up of these invasions.

The former Sumerian cities were almost completely destroyed, and the power of the old Sumerian aristocracy was dealt a heavy blow. The Sumerians were completely different from the Akkadians, and the Akkadians inevitably brought about a large reduction in the Sumerian population, which may be the reason why the Sumerians disappeared completely after a short period of time, and the yellow race was never seen in Mesopotamia again.

If the people make history, then the heroes change it. The second empire in Mesopotamia was historically supposed to have been created by the Sumerians, who were ahead of the Akkadians in every way, and Lugar Zajisi basically did it. But the advent of Sargon changed all that, turning this south-to-north unification into a north-to-south unification, with the more backward Akkadians ruling over the advanced Sumerians. In this sense, Sargon was indeed the most prominent figure of his time.

Sargon was also very good at grammar.

After all of Sumer was subsumed under the Akkadian territory, Sargon reformed politics and established a centralized monarchy, in which "there is only one mouth under heaven", and all localities obeyed the central government. He took the 10-day itinerary as one district or province, and its governors were chosen from among the children of the court or the Akkadian nobility. He also recruited some former Sumerian nobles and representatives who supported him to participate in politics and discuss politics in order to ease the contradictions with the occupied areas.

Sargon's background as a gardener and the natural conditions of the Sumerian city-state led him to pay great attention to the maintenance of the irrigation system, and he built many canals to expand and improve the irrigation system.

Sargon unified the country's weights and measures in decimal units to facilitate domestic trade, unlike the Sumerians who preceded it, although the Sumerians had a decimal system, but the decimal system was more commonly used, and the Akkadian implemented the decimal system that evolved into the decimal system used by our modern people. It is worth mentioning that their foreign trade actually reached the Indus Valley.

With the dispersion of the Shamash dynasty and the advent of the Akkadian dynasty, the Shamash script and the Shamat language became known as the Akkadian script and the Akkadian language. It developed further during the Akkadian period and began to be promoted as an official language, gradually replacing Sumerian, and largely replacing spoken Sumerian around 2000 BC. But Sumerian continued to be spoken in Mesopotamia as a sacred, liturgical, literary, and scientific language until the 1st century AD.

Like the later Assyrian Empire, Akkad conquered the kingdom by force and ruled on a shaky foundation.

But the empire was still very loose, and the city-states were still very independent and could only be maintained by force, and in his later years, the states became independent and besieged him in the city of Akkad. Later, he used the Praetorian Guard to suppress the rebellion.

The second sons, the eldest son and eldest grandson, Rimush, Manishtushu and Naram Sin, all spent their lives fighting to maintain the semblance of the loose empire.