readx;? Shandong Longshan culture grimace legs and ring-shaped feet are the most distinctive, which are rare in other cultures. Pen | fun | pavilion www. ｂｉｑｕｇｅ。 info black pottery is a black pottery with a thin tire and a tight fetal bone, and it is pitch black and shiny. It is the most exquisitely made pottery of the Yongsan culture. When the black pottery is fired, the charcoal infiltration method of sealing the kiln is adopted, and the surface of the vessel shows a deep black luster. It has a polished, unpretentious surface, with only a few strings, scratches or perforations. Black, thin, light and button are the four characteristics of black pottery. Among them, there is a kind of thin tire black pottery, which is black and shiny, as thin as an eggshell, called eggshell pottery, which represents the outstanding achievements of this type of pottery.

The level of jade making in the Longshan culture period has been greatly improved, and from the unearthed jade of Longshan culture, it is rich in types, and most of them are exquisite, beautiful in shape, crystal and round, and have a high artistic level. Most of the jade materials used in the jade of Longshan culture belong to tremolite, including white jade, green jade, blue-green jade, topaz, black jade, chalcedony, and turquoise. The jade of Longshan culture should be made of local materials. The jade production sites include Haiyang (Moyu) in Shandong, Baima Mountain and Mengjin in Luoyang, Henan, Shenmu and Yan'an in Shaanxi.

The shape of jade artifacts of Longshan culture is dominated by geometric shapes and human and animal shapes. Xuanji is ring-shaped, and the outer edge has more than three teeth, which is the precedent of Xuanji in the Shang and Zhou periods. The human head shape ornament is divided into two types: straight eye and side level view. The former wears a crown (flat crown or feather crown), large eyes, large nose, earrings, wide mouth, or mouth with fangs and teeth, while the latter has a simple image. The jade gui are all flat-headed, and there are many human face patterns, animal face patterns or bird patterns on them. The shape of Yuge is characterized by the fact that there is no middle ridge in the long aid square, and the shape is relatively primitive. The tooth is divided into flat head type and disjoint head type, the shape is like Ge, and the inner sides are like teeth.

The ornamentation of jade of Longshan culture is divided into two types, one is integrated with the utensils, and the other is the decorative type of the utensils. There are straight lines, grid patterns, tiger head patterns, animal face patterns, human face patterns, and bird patterns. The jade of Longshan culture is mainly carved in pieces, supplemented by carving. There are two kinds of line patterns for decoration, such as yang line carving and yin line carving, and the application of yang line carving accounts for the majority. An example of the mosaic process can be found in the jade Yue from the Wulian Dantu site in Shandong, in which the upper hole is embedded with turquoise. The combination of jade and turquoise is the only way to see it. This method of craftsmanship is a precedent for jade inlay in the Xia and Shang dynasties.

The layout and structure of Changle bone inscriptions have rules to follow, and some of them appear many times, and the Longshan culture period of four or five thousand years ago is similar to the Yinxu oracle bone inscription in production. The pattern and symbol of "neat rows and columns" engraved on the animal oracle bone are more primitive than the Yinxu oracle bone inscription, and are obviously in the transitional state of painting (symbol) and character. Bone inscriptions and oracle bone inscriptions, which should have a certain inheritance relationship, are a new basis for explaining the origin of Chinese characters. These symbols belong to the Yin line carving, the strokes are tactful and tortuous, the depiction is slender, mostly arc pens and curved brushes, showing crab-like, grass-like insects and bird-like forms. More than 100 oracle bones and 2 jade fragments engraved with text symbols were collected, with a total of more than 600 pictures and characters. Some of these characters are engraved on the surface of the bone slices, some are engraved in the bone cavity, and some are engraved on the head of the bone mortar.

The main part of the Han nationality has its paternal distant ancestors completely from the ancient Central Plains, that is, the Longshan people. The Han people in all parts of China, from the northeast to Guangdong, from the Hakka in the southeast to Lanzhou in the northwest, are no different from the 5,000-year-old ancient Central Plains people, and today's Han people are the direct descendants of the ancient Central Plains people.

The Longshan culture, especially the ruins of the temple ditch, the black pottery with a beautiful rose pattern is believed to be related to the "Hua-Hua" tribe, and the worship of light is a characteristic of this tribe, which is considered to be the ancestral source of the ancient Huaxia people. By the end of 2013, in various Sino-Tibetan branches, the roots of the general "hu", "gu", "hao" and other roots have bright meanings, such as the Miao gua, the She hu, the Chinese hao (Hao, Hao), and the Tibetan gu, all of which have the meaning of light and brilliance, and the Longshan culture is considered to be the culture of the Huaxia tribe, the ancestor of the Han people, and the confirmation of the Taosi site also supports this statement. As China's influence grows, Longshan culture will also attract more enthusiasts and push related research to new heights.

Myths and legends about the Yellow Emperor:

One day, the Yellow Emperor was watching the scenery with the ministers on the Luoshui River, and suddenly saw a big bird holding Bian Tu and putting it in front of him, and the Yellow Emperor hurriedly bowed down. Look at the bird, the shape is like a crane, the head of a chicken, the beak of a swallow, the neck of a turtle, the shape of a dragon, the wings, the tail of a fish, all five colors. The words in the picture are the six words of prudence, benevolence and righteousness, and benevolence. The Yellow Emperor had never seen this bird, so he went to ask the elders. The elder told him that the male of this bird is called a phoenix, and the female is called a phoenix. The morning is called Dengchen, the day is Shangxiang, the evening is Guichang, and the night is Baochang. As soon as the phoenix comes out, it shows that the world is peaceful. It is a sign of great auspiciousness.

Later, the Yellow Emperor dreamed that two dragons came out of the Yellow River with a white picture and offered it to him. The Yellow Emperor was puzzled and came to ask Tian Lao again. Tian Lao replied that this was a precursor to the coming out of the Hetu Luo book. So the Yellow Emperor and the elders swam between the rivers and Luo, sank in the river, killed three animals and fasted. It started with three days of fog. After that, it rained heavily for seven days and seven nights. Then there was a yellow dragon holding a picture from the river, and the Yellow Emperor knelt down to take it. I saw the five-color Bi Gu on the picture, the white picture and the blue leaf Zhu Wen, which is the river Tuluo book. Legend has it that when Fuxi was born, there was a river Tuluo book, and Fuxi created gossip because of this. This is an auspicious sign.

So the Yellow Emperor thus had a deep interest in the search for immortals, began to tour the world, since ancient times, the Yellow Emperor sacrificed the most ghosts and gods and mountains.

He heard that there was an immortal named Guangchengzi in Kongtong Mountain, so he went to ask him for advice. Guang Chengzi said: "Since you ruled the world, the clouds do not gather and the rain falls, and the grass and trees do not wither. The sun and the moon are shining, and there is more and more scarcity. And if the heart of a man is enlightened, where is it for you to talk to you about the way?"

After the Yellow Emperor returned, he no longer bothered with political affairs. I built a hut with a mat in it, and I spent 3 months reflecting there. Then he went to Guang Chengzi and asked. At that time, Guangchengzi was lying with his head facing south, and the Yellow Emperor walked up to him on his knees and asked him how to achieve immortality.

Guang Chengzi suddenly got up and said, "This is a very good question!" and then told him the essence of the Dao: "The essence of the Dao, stealing the darkness, the extreme of the Dao, faint and silent." Ignore and listen, hold your mind and be quiet. The shape will be self-righteous, it must be quiet and clear, and there will be no labor makeup shape, no shake makeup, and only then can it live forever. The eyes see nothing, the ears hear nothing, and the heart knows nothing, so that the gods and forms are one, and then they can live forever. After speaking, Guangchengzi gave him a volume of "The Book of Nature".