readx;? But in reality this kind of rule is unstable, and these states are not included in the direct administration, but in the form of vassal states, and once the power of the state declines, these subject states will defect. Pen × fun × Pavilion www. ｂｉｑｕｇｅ。 ｉｎｆｏ

The Babylonian Gassite Dynasty, known as the center of the world, was also forced by its strong military to pay tribute to Murshili II as its side concubine, and retreated to a corner of the Babylonian Plain, and the Hittite Empire officially ascended to the leading position in the vast land that included the Mesopotamian Plain and the Anatolian Plateau.

From Horlenhayb in the 18th Dynasty of Egypt to Ramses I and Seti I after the establishment of the 19th Dynasty of Egypt, Egypt has been engaged in wars with the Hittite king Mursili II for Canaan and Syria.

A stone tablet in the center of Palestine inscribes the early military activities of Seti I. These attacks reached the coast of Gaza in the Canaan region, where Seti I protected the wells on the main trade routes, and then marched further north to towns until he captured the area as far as Tyre. It basically consolidated Egypt's position in Canaan.

In the year of the Egyptian king Seti I, while attacking Syria and Lebanon, he fought a decisive battle with the Hittites at Kadesh, which ended in an Egyptian victory. This expedition of Seti I captured the Syrian city of Tyre. Eventually, a peace treaty was concluded with the Hittites, which allowed Egypt to establish a sphere of influence in southern Syria.

Murshili II was too busy with the war in Syria to ignore the war in Mitanni.

During the reign of King Shatuwara I of Mitanni, the Assyrian king Attad al-Nilari I continued to expand northwestward, with Mitanni and his ally Hittite as the main enemy.

In the year Assyria seized the city of Calkemysh from the Hittites and captured the Mitanni city of Shupraia> Atad al-Nilari I claimed to have captured Shatuwara I and brought him back to the city of Ashur, where Shatuwara I swore an oath to become a vassal of Assyria.

Afterwards, he was allowed to return to Mitanni, where he paid a large tribute to Attad Nilari I.

Muwatari II, reigned: years. Contemporary with Egyptian pharaoh Ramses II.

Muhatari II, the son of Murhili II, succeeded to the Hittite throne and was the eighth king of the new Hittite kingdom.

This was the time of the reign of King Vasashatta of Mitanni.

The Assyrians further intensified their invasion, conquering Taytu, the former capital of Mitanni, and annexing Washukani, Amasaku, Kahat, Shuru, Nabra, Hula, and Shutuhu >They conquered Iritu and destroyed it, sprinkling salt on the land around the city. Vasashata's wives, sons, and daughters were escorted to the city of Ashur along with a large amount of booty and captivity.

In Silesia, where the Assyrian state was located at that time, there was plenty of rain and no irrigation was required, and the salinization of farmland was not very serious. But the Assyrian kings knew the terrible consequences of the saline lands and used them as a means to punish rebellious or enemy cities.

Both Atad Nilari I and his son Salmanai I declare in the inscription: "After I have conquered and destroyed the city, I have spread salt and alkali on it." ”

Salinity pollution may be the real reason for the dispersal of the Mitanni people after the destruction of the country.

Mitanni's two capitals, Taytu and Vashukani, were occupied by Assyria, and Mitanni had already existed in name only.

Atad Nilari I conquered Mitanni, which was under Hittite control, in the heart of the valley of the Balik and Habur rivers, and he did not seem to have crossed the Euphrates, while Calchemesh maintained the Hittite army.

After conquering Mitanni, Attad Nilari I wrote to the Hittite king, calling him the great king, showing his respect for the Hittite.

At the request of the Hittites, King Vasashatta of Mitanni was released back to Mitanni.

The Hittite prosperity depended mainly on the control of trade routes and the metal trade. The defense of northern Syria was crucial because it connected the civilizations of Egypt, Mesopotamia, and Asia Minor, as well as Greece in Europe, but with the coup d'état in Egypt, the region soon faced the test of Pharaoh Ramses II, who was implementing his expansionist policies.

Egyptian Pharaoh Ramses II tried to regain the traditional control of the Syrian region. Around absolute control of the Syrian region, Egypt went to war with the Hittites.

The 19th Pharaoh of Egypt, Ramses II, was determined to regroup and compete with the Hittites to restore Egyptian dominance in Syria. To this end, Ramses II vigorously expanded his armaments and formed the Ptah Legion, together with the original Amon Legion, Ra Legion and Seth Legion, plus the mercenaries composed of Nubians and Shaldans, with a total of 4 legions, more than 20,000 troops and 200 chariots.

Egypt first captured Berit (present-day Beirut) and Biblos in southern Syria, and captured the fortresses > HittitesAt the end of April of the same year, Ramses II led four legions from the fortress of Jialu in the east of the Nile Delta, along the Oronte River valley to the north, after nearly a month's march, into the Kadesh area, about 15 miles south of the Kadesh highland, camped in the Kadeshi on the west bank of the upper Oronte River, the river is turbulent, the cliffs are towering, the terrain is dangerous, it is the throat of the north and south of Syria, and it is also the military town and strategic point of the Hittite army. The Egyptian army tried to first capture Kadeshi and control the choke point of the northward advance, and then advance north to regain control over all of Syria.

Just as Egypt was moving north, an intensive preparation for war was also in full swing in the Hittite. Before Ramses II had even set out, the Hittites learned secret information from a spy sent to Egypt about an impending expedition. The Hittite king Muwatari II convened a royal council and formulated a battle plan with Kadesh as the center, holding the key points, waiting for work, luring the enemy into depth, and crushing the Egyptian army's attempt to advance north.