readx;

Recommended Reading:

Zhang Jiashi's vigorous development of heavy infantry, in addition to the fact that at this time, the development of heavy infantry had a corresponding foundation, and more importantly, the quality of officers and soldiers of the Qin army was on average much better than that of the period that Zhang Jiashi traveled through in later generations. Pen & Fun & Pavilion www.biquge.info please search and see the most complete! update the fastest novel

Of course, in terms of the corresponding material system, Zhang Jiashi can talk about the pre-Qin period before he crossed, but in view of the great difference in the living environment of the two, on average, if you pick a hundred civilian men in later generations and fight hand-to-hand with men in the pre-Qin period, it is estimated that the former will die a miserable death.

In other words, men in ancient times were more adaptable to the heavy infantry, as long as they were not men of poor quality, as long as they had been trained for a long or short time, they could gradually adapt to fighting as a hoplite.

From the perspective of the development of weapons in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Zhang Jiashi's continued implementation of iron weapons for combat is not an idea made out of nothing, but to continue to use the equipment that already has a certain foundation and make targeted improvements:

In the Spring and Autumn Period, the weapons were all made of copper, and the main offensive weapons were Ge, spears, halberds, swords, bows, etc. During the Warring States period, there was significant progress in bronze weapons. The tip of the spear is getting stronger and stronger. The blade of Ge is arc-shaped, the "inside" part of the handle has a sharp edge, and the "wearing" used for binding has also increased. The combination of spear and gee is very popular, and can act as both a thorn and a hook. The arrow is changed from a two-winged type to a two-sided type.

At the same time, due to the progress of iron smelting technology, weapons such as spears, halberds, and swords were gradually changed to iron. For example, Chu's "Wan Ju Tie Ji (spear), miserable as a bee" ("Xunzi Parliamentary Chapter"). Wandi has always been famous for its iron production.

King Qin Zhao also said: "I heard that the iron sword of Chu is sharp. Han's weapons such as swords and halberds, come from the Stygian Mountain, Tangxi, Moyang, Heji, Deng Shi, Wan Feng, Long Yuan, and Tai'a, and can "break horses and cattle on land, hit birds and geese with water, and kill them when they are enemies" ("Warring States Policy, Han Ceyi"), and these weapons are likely to be made of iron. Of course, this statement seems to be a bit biased, and there is no conclusion whether these names are the names of the masters who produced them, or the names of the workshops that produced the swords, or the names of the swords themselves. And because the foundry of Long Yuan and Tai'a is Ou Yezi, it has nothing to do with South Korea.

The wrestlers of Zhongshan, wearing iron armor and holding iron rods in their hands, "all the blows are broken, and all the rushes are trapped" ("Lü's Spring and Autumn Period").

A common weapon used by the Assassins was the "Iron Spine" (Chronicles: The Legend of the Emperor of Xinling).

("Lü's Spring and Autumn Period" should actually be "Lü's Spring and Autumn Period", which reads as follows:

Sixth: Strength is noble, wisdom is noble. If you get the same, the speed is up, and if you win, the same is the wet. Those who are noble are given a thousand miles in a day, and they are taken in ten days, which is the same as that of a young man. Those who are noble arrows will come for them, and those who come all day long will be the same as nothing. Wu Qi said to King Jing: "Jing has the rest, the land, and the insufficient, the people." Now the king has gained more than what he has gained, and his ministers cannot do it. "So he sent the nobles to the land of reality and emptiness. All of them are very bitter. King Jing died, and all the nobles came. The corpse was in the hall, and the nobles shot Wu Qi together. Wu Qi shouted: "I show my son, I use soldiers." Pulling out the arrow and leaving, the corpse was inserted into the arrow and said sharply: "The ministers are chaotic king!" Wu Qi died, and the law of Jing State, the soldiers of the king of the corpse were all guilty of aggravated crimes, and the three clans were arrested. Wu Qizhi's wisdom can be described as a swift one. Qi Xianggong ascended the throne, hated Gongsun ignorance, and accepted it. If you don't say anything about ignorance, kill Xianggong. Childe entangled Lu, and Childe Xiaobai ran Ju. Even if the country is ignorant and ignorant, there is no king, and Gongzi and Gongzi Xiaobai are all returned, and they are all there, competing to enter the public house first. Guan Zhong shot his son Xiaobai with a bow and was hooked. Uncle Bao's royal son is a little white stiff. Guan Zi thought that Xiaobai was dead, and told Gongzi to say: "Anzhi, Gongsun Xiaobai is dead!" Uncle Bao was driven first due to illness, so Gongzi Xiaobai was able to become the king. Uncle Bao's wisdom should be shot and make the son Xiao Bai stiff, and his wisdom is like a arrow. Zhou Wujun made people stab Ling in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. Ling Fei stiffened, so that his son quickly cried, "Who stabbed my father?" Zhou thought he didn't believe it, because of his guilt. The Zhao clan attacked Zhongshan. The people of Zhongshan are more powerful, and they are called Wu Qiuqiu. Clothes and iron armor operate iron rods to fight, and all the blows are broken, all the rushes are trapped, the car is thrown into the car, and the people are also thrown into the people. He almost died. ）

At this time, not only were there sharp iron weapons, but also crossbows with powerful long-range shots were created. The origin of the crossbow is very early and was originally used for hunting. The crossbow for combat may have first appeared in the state of Chu in the late Spring and Autumn period.

The "Wu Yue Chunqiu" records that Chen Yin said to Gou Jian, the king of Yue, that "the crossbow was born from the bow", and that the crossbow was further developed from the bow, and that the crossbow was created by the Qin clan of Chu and passed on to the three marquis of Chu, and then to the king of Chu Ling ("Goujian Conspiracy Biography"). It is impossible for the crossbow to be created so early, but by the late Spring and Autumn period, it had indeed been used in southern Chu, Wu, Yue and other countries. Sun Wu's "The Art of War" talks about the weapons of the time, including "armor and arrows" ("Combat Chapter"), and also talks about the "potential" caused by those who are good at commanding battles as "dangerous", and the "stanzas" (rhythms) that are issued are "short", and "the momentum is like expanding the crossbow, and the knots are like the engine" ("The Momentum Chapter"), that is, the "potential" of "danger" is like a crossbow that has been opened, and the "short" "knots" are like a crossbow machine that is being fired.

In later generations, there was a view that the use of crossbows in the Central Plains was relatively late, and it was not used during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and it was probably not gradually used until the early Warring States period.

However, this sentence in the Art of War also proves that the vassal states of the Central Plains during the Spring and Autumn Period also used armor and crossbows as combat equipment. Because it is very likely that the "Art of War" began to be compiled before Sun Wu went to Wu, or even nearly completed:

In 512 BC (the third year of the reign of King Wu), he consulted with the soldiers and prepared to march westward. At this time, the Wu members "recommended seven grandsons", so that He Lu agreed to meet Sun Wu. While in seclusion, Sun Wu had already written The Art of War. He brought his own art of war to see King Wu, and he secretly admired it. King Wu appointed Sun Wu as a general of Wu, and often discussed various military and political issues with Sun Wu, and obtained satisfactory answers.

By the middle of the Warring States period, the use of crossbows was widespread. Sun Bin said: "Those who usurp the wrestlers will win the battle in battle, and those who will fight for a long time will be willing to fight." ("Sun Bin Art of War: King Wei's Question") regarded the "crossbow" as the most powerful weapon at that time, and regarded the "crossbow tending to fire" as the most powerful tactic at that time. The crossbow has a "crossbow machine" installed at the back of the wooden arm, a "Guo" around the "crossbow machine", a "tooth" hooking the bowstring, and a "Wangshan" (called "Jiao" in "Wu Yue Chunqiu?Goujian Conspiracy Biography", and "Wangshan" in "Mengxi Bitan") as an aim, and a "hanging knife" (called "Guan" in "Wu Yue Chunqiu", "Hanging Knife" in "Shi Ming", and "Dial Machine" in "Wu Beizhi") as a dial.

When the crossbow is fired, the tooth is retracted and the string hooked by the tooth pops out, and the arrow is fired with force. In this way, the crossbow can be "issued between the shoulders and killed a hundred paces away", so that the enemy "does not know what it is doing" ("Sun Bin Art of War?").

The crossbow machines of the Warring States Period unearthed in Changsha and other places in later generations did not have copper Guo, and it seems that they relied on the strength of the arm to open the bowstring, which is a kind of "arm zhang". According to the literature, the "strong bow and crossbow" at that time, because the tension of the bowstring was very large, there was a "super foot and hair", which was used to open and shoot with the strength of the foot, which belonged to a kind of "kicking". At this time, the power of the crossbow is calculated by the weight that its bowstring can pull. For example, Wei's warriors had a "crossbow of twelve stones", which means that its bowstring can pull the weight of twelve stones. At that time, the production of crossbow machines was very sophisticated, because "the crossbow machine is not sent if it is poor in meters" ("Lü's Spring and Autumn Period").

South Korea has a "strong bow and crossbow", called Xizi, Shaofu, Shili, and Yuanlai, "all shoot 600 paces away, Han pawns are over-footed, and a hundred shots are endless." It is said that "with the courage of Han Pawn, he is armoured, has a strong crossbow, and carries a sharp sword", and it is possible to "one person as a hundred" ("Warring States Policy? Han Ce I"). This kind of crossbow that uses the power of the foot and fires with the mechanism of the machine shoots farther and more powerfully. By the end of the Warring States period, there was a further invention of the "repeating crossbow".

"Mozi Bei Gao Lin" records that there is a "crossbow car". Later, after Qin Shi Huang went out to patrol Lang Xie after unifying the whole country, he once "waited for the big fish with a crossbow and shot it" ("Historical Records: Qin Shi Huang Benji").

Not only that, but Wei Wushu's corresponding description also illustrates the extent of the crossbow's application:

Wei Wushu was well-armed and mainly hoplite.

"Xunzi Parliamentary Chapter" said: "The military soldiers of Wei take it by degree, the armor of the three genera, the crossbow of the twelve stones, the negative arrow is fifty, the top is placed on it, the crown is with a sword, and the grain of the three days is won, and the day is in the middle of the day and tends to a hundred miles." The pilot test will restore the household and benefit the farmland. It means that a soldier wears three layers of heavy armor (inner and outer protective clothing or another name for heavy armor) and an iron helmet, can open a crossbow of twelve stones, each person carries fifty crossbow arrows, holds a long or iron halberd, a belt and a sword, carries three days of combat food and grass, and can walk more than 100 miles in half a day. The personnel selection of Wei Wushu is very strict, and the benefits enjoyed by being a member of Wei Wushu are very superior. Therefore, Wei Wushu was a strong elite soldier, and his combat effectiveness could be said to be second to none, becoming the most elite and fierce infantry army in the world at that time.

From the point of view of the selection conditions of Wei Wushu, Wei Wushu has already used the pouting crossbow as standard equipment, which can also indicate that Wei Wushu was trained in Wu Qi (the exact time is unknown, but it must have been earlier than 389 BC of the Yin and Jin War, and according to the number of Wei Wushu's troops, this time may need to be pushed forward two or three years to carry out corresponding training. At that time, the crossbow had become a very mainstream piece of equipment.

As the so-called spear is sharp, and with the advancement of offensive weapons, defensive equipment has also improved accordingly. At this time, the leather armor continued to be used. Leather armor is made of rows of rectangular pieces of leather armor. In general, the leather armor pieces made of leather with strong fastness are larger and longer, and the number of rows of braided leather armor pieces is less.

"Examination of the Gongji" said: "The letter person is A, the rhino armor is seven genera, the six genera are the Jia, and the five genera are Hejia." The rhinoceros has a lifespan of 100 years, the life of a carapace is 200 years, and the life span of a family is 300 years. "The armor is composed of two layers of leather, with strong fastness, and the leather armor made is larger and longer, so it only needs to be composed of "five genera", that is, five rows. The fastness of the armor is second, and the fastness of the rhinoceros is secondary. Therefore, "six genera of armor", "seven genera of rhinocarapace".

In the late Warring States period, with the advancement of iron-smelting technology, the manufacture of iron armor and iron armor began. In the lobbying speeches of Su Qin fabricated by the Zongheng family in the late Warring States period, the "Iron Curtain" ("Warring States Policy, Han Ceyi", "Historical Records: The Biography of Su Qin"), "It is said that iron is the garment of arms and shins" ("Historical Records: Suo Yin" quoted Liu Shi said).

"Lü's Spring and Autumn Period" also said that Zhongshan's wrestlers were "clothed in iron armor". Later generations unearthed an iron armor in the late Warring States period in Yanxia, which was made of eighty-nine pieces of iron armor. The top is decorated with two semicircular pieces of iron armor to form a circular flat top, and the surrounding area is decorated with rounded rectangular iron armor pieces from the top down, a total of seven rows. The weaving method of the iron armor sheet is to press the upper row and the lower row, and the front piece to press the back piece. The production is almost finished.

Later generations unearthed a large number of armor-covered terracotta figurines on the east side of the Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang, and the armor image created on the body is a simulation of the armor. There are three types of armor worn by these terracotta figurines, one of which is composed of two parts, the cape and the body armor, all composed of armor pieces, the armor pieces are larger, and there is no wide edge around them, which is the main protective equipment in the Qin army at that time. The shape and arrangement of the armor pieces are generally the same as those unearthed under the Yanxia. When weaving vertically, it is also arranged from top to bottom, with the upper row pressing down the lower row, and when knitting horizontally, it is knitted from the middle to both sides, and the front piece presses the back piece. It seems that this armor began to spread in the late Warring States period.

And this armor is likely to be an improved version of the patent leather armor unearthed in later generations.

At that time, the leather tire of the patent leather armor was raw leather that had not been processed into leather. The outer part of the leather tire is painted black or dark brown, generally with two to three layers, and some nails are first painted with red paint and then black paint. The ribbon with a width of 0.6~0.8 cm is woven into a carapace, and the ribbon is dyed vermilion with cinnabar, which is the "group armor" recorded in ancient documents.

And this kind of patent leather armor is likely to be the mainstream of light armor equipment at that time.

In the Qin Dynasty or the late Warring States period, the armor seems to have replaced other styles of armor and became the mainstream of the Qin army's armor.

Similarly, if the new armor system developed on the basis of lacquer leather armor also appears in the Qin army's equipment form, and this armor system is fish scale armor.

At that time, the armor of the armor was rectangular or square, and could be divided into two categories: armor without a cape and armor with a cape. The armor without a shawl consists of front and back body armor, with both shoulders and no shawl, and the protective parts are the front chest, abdomen, back, waist, hips, and the top of both shoulders. This type of armor is mainly composed of longitudinal and rectangular armor plates, and in addition, there are various types of irregular armor plates in special parts. The armoured armor has one more pair of cloaks than the uncloaked armour, and correspondingly, the protective parts are more than the left and right arms of the latter, and the armor pieces used are smaller, the number of armor pieces is larger, and the production is more beautiful. According to different parts, different stacking methods and different braiding methods are adopted.

The most obvious feature of this type of armor is: the upper and lower rows of armor are dislocated with each other, the lower row of armor is just between the upper and lower rows of armor, the appearance of the armor and the armor are similar to fish scales, the armor is delicate and thin, but the perforation density on the armor is very large, and the square hole that strings through the flat copper wire sets off each other with the fish scale curve. The fish scale armor is composed of the front and rear upper brigades, the front and rear lower brigades, the neckline, the shoulders, etc., and it is not yet certain whether there is a shawl or not. (To be continued.) )

This book is from//.> book friends who have read "Dingqin Song" also like it