readx;? The bronze head of Sargon I, excavated in Nineveh, is typical of the fine art of this period. Pen × fun × Pavilion www. ｂｉｑｕｇｅ。 ｉｎｆｏ

The face of this head is dark yellow, and the shape is majestic and solemn, showing the fortitude, strength and self-confidence of this king. The king's hair was black and braided like a crown. The statue's eyes were originally embedded with precious stones, but they are now lost and become two hollows. The statue's facial carvings are concise and realistic, with Sumerian influences, and the unique and powerful decoration of the beard is a masterpiece of its kind. The whole head has a dignified expression, is carefully designed, and is very finely cast, which fully shows the superb bronze casting technology of ancient times. This statue is full of personality and life, which is completely different from the lifeless statues of the Egyptian pharaohs.

After the kingdom expanded into the Greater and Lesser Zab River regions, Naram Singh was severely challenged by the Guti people who lived in the region.

The Guti people, or pronounced as :, are the indigenous yellow people of the Indo-European language family. Originally found in the Zagros Mountains, it was initially a period when the tribes were fighting their own wars, and because of their mountainous location, they were considered barbarians by the Akkadian Empire. Regionally, it belongs to the traditional Elamite region (Iran) and belongs to the Elamite native power, but it is not the same race as the Awan Second Dynasty (Aryan Caucasians).

Later, it gradually moved out of the mountainous area to the area of the Greater and Lesser Zab Rivers. Originally, the Guti people had lived and worked in peace and contentment, but the murderous Nalam Sin, who burned and looted all the way, aroused the indignation of the Guti people, and the Guti people enthusiastically joined the army to defend their homeland and country, and the Akkadian army did not expect to encounter resistance, and suffered heavy losses by surprise.

After defeating the Akkadians, the Guti recognized their strength and began to challenge the entire region, including the Elam and Sumerian regions.

After several unvictorious battles with the Akkadian king Naram Sin, he had to sign an equal treaty in Susa with Elamite, ruled by the powerful king of the Akkadic dynasty of Hita, to form an alliance between the Semitic and Aryan Caucasian races to defend against the threat of the Indo-European yellow Guti. This is the earliest known international treaty, and it was written in Akkadian cuneiform script for Old Elamite. This illustrates the growth of the influence of Akkadian culture on Elam.

From the date of the treaty, Elamite became officially independent and intersected with the Akkadian Empire on an equal footing. Representatives from Akkad are based in Susa, which should be considered the first embassy abroad!

In 2274 BC, Kish was the capital of the dynasty in Sumeria because of its special status, and at this time Kish began to move towards a semi-independent state, thus establishing the Fifth Kish Dynasty. Founded by Guy Ku Ludd.

In 2255 BC, King Naram Sin, King of Akkad, was killed in battle against the Guti. Naram Sin's son, Shah Khali Sharui, succeeded to the throne of Akkadian.

Shar Kali Sharui, reigned 25 years, 2255-2230 BC.

The splendor of the Akkadians was short-lived. Soon after Naram Sin's death, the Akkadian state rapidly declined. The centralization of the Akkadian kingdom gradually disintegrated.

The Second Ebra Dynasty of Syria regained its independence and quickly rebuilt the city of Ebra and restored control of the Mare, once again blocking the Western Semitic access to Mesopotamia.

Akkadian and Elamite joined forces under the treaty to attack the Guti. The Akkadians captured the chieftain of the Guti people, Sarrag.

Although the threat of the Guti has been temporarily eliminated, the threat of the independent Elamite kingdom is also great, and the Akkadian Empire faces the threat of the West Semites from the west.

During the time of Naram-Sin, these Western Semites marched into Babylonia and clashed with the Akkadians, who belonged to the Eastern Semites. The Eastern Semites had synchronized with the Sumerian civilization and belonged to a higher civilization, while the Western Semites had long been away from the center of civilization, maintained nomadic habits, and were still in the tribal clan stage, entering the territory of the Akkadians, but unwilling to submit to management. The conflict between the two was similar to that between the Akkadians and the Sumerians.

Although Shar Kali Shari was wary of the threat of Elam, he also had to send troops to fight the tribes of the West Semites, although the reconstruction of the city of Ekara made the West Semites not have many backers and defeated them, but the loss of national strength was even greater.

These Western Semitic tribes, though scattered, were widely distributed across the land from the Akkadian region to the Sumerian region. Later people referred to these Semitic people who lived in the Mesopotamian region as the Amorites. Although they are Caucasian Semitic people with the Akkadians, the gap between civilization and barbarism is the same as that between the Huaxia people in the Yellow River Valley and the surrounding barbarians, although they are of the same race, they cannot tolerate each other's living habits.

In 2230 BC, Shar Cali Sharui died in a palace coup. The forces led by Irgigi took the throne of Akkadian in a palace coup. The Sargon family has since lost its dynastic dominance.

"Who is king, and who is not?"

After Irgigi overthrew the rule of the Sargon family, the Eastern Semitic people began to divide internally, and the Sargon family had already become one with the Eastern Semitic tribal alliance that had defected to him for many years, and now after being overthrown, it still has a strong latent power.

In 2229 BC, although Shar Kali Sharui had died, Ushpiya, a branch of the Sargon family, led some of the Eastern Semites loyal to the Sargon family, returned to the northern city of Ashur, proclaimed himself king in the city of Ashur, and declared his succession to the status of the Saar family. This is the Akkad dynasty of "who is king, and who is not king?" in the Sumerian table of kings. Period. In order to distinguish themselves from the rebels in the southern Akkadian region, they began to call themselves Ashurs.

And the Ashur dynasty founded by Ushpia is considered to be the predecessor of the Assyrian kingdom, also known as the period of the pre-Assyrian kings.

The Akkadian Empire, which originally controlled all of Mesopotamia, was divided from south to north into Sumerian, Akkad, and Silesian regions controlled by the Sumerian city-states. In Silesia, there are also regimes similar to Ashurn, such as Mari and Eshnenna.

The following continues with the situation of the Akkadian dynasty:

Irgigi

Imi Imi

Nanum

Eruru