readx;?“ "There is a northern township" refers to the cold and barren land in the north, which can be seen in "Poetry, Xiaoya, Xiangbo", Kong Yingda Shu: "The northern Taiyin qi is cold and has no soil hair, no grass and trees, and it is cold and unlivable." Pen, fun, pavilion www. biquge。 info indicates that some of the remnants of Chiyou were once relocated to the north. Mongolian scholar Tao Ketao wrote "Spring and Autumn in Felt Township - Xiongnu Chapter", arguing that Chiyou was the title of the Xiongnu in the legendary era, and the meat porridge that was driven north by the Yellow Emperor should be the remnants of the Chiyou tribe. Sima Zhen's "Historical Records Suoyin" explains the meat porridge: "The alias of the Xiongnu is also, Tang Yu (Yao Shun) is above Shanrong, also known as smoked porridge, Xia is called Chunwei, Yin is called Ghost Fang, Zhou is said to be a fox, and Han is called Xiongnu."

During the period of the Yellow Emperor, some of the descendants of Emperor Yan (descendants of Jiuli) after the defeat of Chiyou were expelled by the Yellow Emperor to the barren land in the north.

The above statement merges several important tribes from different historical periods into a single nation. It's just that the name is constantly changing, and it is sloppy. In fact, the vast land is dotted with countless tribes, each of which is a candidate for a nation.

In fact, the ethnic groups around China were basically subjects of the Central Plains Dynasty at the beginning, but because of the war, they had to wander to the wilderness, and then due to the shortage of resources, the tribes did not fall under each other, and in the melee produced a certain leading tribe, unified a certain area, and formed a large tribe, and then caused the Central Plains Dynasty to be vigilant and even began to invade the Central Plains Dynasty, so that the name was left in the history books, and this ethnic name was actually only the name of a small tribe at first, but because they became the rulers of the grassland or plain, they became the name of the entire regional tribe, and it seemed that they were all people of this nation。

And due to the frequent occurrence of natural disasters in the wilderness, the tribes that are strong today may not be strong tomorrow, and once the strength of the tribe as the ruling tribe declines, it will attract the rebellion of the internal tribes and even the crusade of foreign forces such as the Central Plains Dynasty. Once the position is lost, a long period of chaos in the region ensues, until a new leadership clan emerges again.

This characteristic is reflected in various historical periods since the Qin and Han dynasties, such as the Xiongnu unified the steppe, and when Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty defeated them, Xianbei unified the steppe, and when Xianbei left the grassland to dominate the Central Plains, a new leading nation appeared in the north, and there was not the slightest tolerance because Xianbei was their former master, and then there were Mongolians. Therefore, the people of the grassland who are ruled are always those people, but the ruling tribe has changed, and these people have also changed their names. In order to adapt to this characteristic, the way of warfare of the steppe peoples was also different: in each war, the most fierce situation was to kill the enemy's adult male higher than the wheel, while the children and women were brought back as the wealth of the tribe, providing favorable conditions for the tribe to reproduce and grow.

But it is also incorrect to say that they are a people because their customs are completely different. But the lives of grassroots herders have not changed much. Although most of its races are similar to those of the Central Plains Dynasty, due to the infiltration of Aryan forces from the western steppes, the races are mixed. The white Xiongnu in later generations refers to the Caucasian people like the Qiang people. Therefore, its relationship with the people of the Central Plains Dynasty has become increasingly estranged. This infiltration is most common in the Western Regions.

Feng Bo Yushi is a sorcerer who specializes in meteorology in the farming Chiyou tribe, and later is the god of agricultural meteorology, with a temple and serving when he is old. "Han Feizi: Ten Mistakes" said: "The former Yellow Emperor was a ghost and god on Mount Tai...... Chiyou is in the front, Fengbo sweeps in, and the rain master sprinkles the road", reflecting the close relationship between the Fengbo rain master and the Chiyou tribe, because the harvest produced by the agricultural tribe is inseparable from the wind and rain. "Guanzi Five Elements" also has a record of the Yellow Emperor's reuse of Chiyou: "The Yellow Emperor in the past was known in the way of heaven...... Chi You Tomorrow Dao, so it was made at that time". "At that time" was a kind of public name of the Yellow Emperor tribal alliance in the Central Plains, and its status and functions were similar to the "heavenly officials" in the "Zhou Li", and were also similar to the prime ministers of later dynasties, and they were the ministers who assisted the leaders (emperors) of the tribal alliances to manage the public affairs of various tribes. The "Heavenly Dao" mentioned here refers to the empirical knowledge of the astronomical calendar, the year, the month, and the order. Familiarity with this knowledge is the key to arranging the production and life of agricultural tribes and managing the agricultural tribe society well.

It shows that after Chi You was defeated and died, the successor leader still called Chi You and submitted to the Yellow Emperor, becoming the most important celestial official of the Six Phases. In charge of calendar, penal law, bronze manufacturing.

2 Some of the tribesmen migrated to the land of Jingchu and formed the Sanmiao tribe. After the defeat of Sanmiao at the hands of Dayu in the Xia Dynasty, Sanmiao was forced to dissolve and divided into two parts, some of the tribesmen migrated westward to form the Qiang people surnamed Jiang in the Xia and Shang periods, and became the main body of civilization in Xirong in the Xia, Shang and Zhou periods; Therefore, Chiyou is the ancestor of the Qiang and Miao Yao peoples.

It turned out that Chiyou shook the Yangtze River basin and the Yellow River basin. But after being defeated by the Yellow Emperor, the Dongyi tribes who were forced to submit to its might became independent, the Yellow Emperor saw this situation, and began to publicize that Chiyou was not dead, and had been subdued by himself as the commander of his army, and the Yellow Emperor respected Chi especially the "master of soldiers", that is, the god of war, his brave image is still terrifying, and the Yellow Emperor painted his image on the military flag to encourage his army to fight bravely and deter the Dongyi tribes who have not yet become independent. "Arowana River Map" said: "After Lingyou is gone, the world will be disturbed and restless. The Yellow Emperor then painted the image of Chiyou to dominate the world. The salty world is said to be immortal, and all the countries in all directions are in a state of death. ”

It can be seen that after Chiyou was captured and killed in the Jiuli tribal alliance strategy, the Yellow Emperor and his people used the image of Chiyou to intimidate the world, thus turning Chiyou into their own protector, and revering and remembering Chiyou. When the princes saw Chi You, it was like surrendering without a fight.

The Yellow Emperor personally led his troops and horses to conquer the princes who refused to submit. After a total of 52 wars, the world began to be unified. The various ethnic groups of Dongyi submitted to the Yellow Emperor.

Chi has made important contributions to ancient Chinese civilization and is one of the great founders of ancient Chinese civilization.

First, Chi has made important contributions to material civilization. At that time, the Jiuli tribal alliance led by Chi You, living in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, was a tribe that grew up in the face of the Haihe River, and was the most powerful tribal alliance among the three major tribal alliances at that time, and the material civilization had developed greatly. It is marked by the most developed Liangzhu culture at that time.

Second, Chiyou carried forward metal smelting and the manufacture of metal weapons earlier in China. "Shimu Composition" says that Chiyou "uses gold as a weapon". "Pipes and Places" says: Chiyou can use gold as a soldier to make "swords, armor, spears, and halberds".