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In the areas controlled by the Xiongnu and Donghu people, the use of infantry was a relatively inefficient situation. Pen "Fun" Pavilion www.biquge.info please search (Pin % book ¥¥ net) to see the most complete!

After all, in the areas controlled by the Xiongnu and Donghu people, grasslands and wastelands constitute the main geographical area.

Historically, the Central Plains Dynasty fought against the nomads in the north, if it was out of the initiative to attack, then there must be a complete and excellent system, that is, Ma Zheng.

Horse administration refers to the management system of the shepherd, training, use and procurement of official horses by the successive governments of China.

Horse administration is an important task of the state, horse administration has become an important part of government administration, and raising horses has become an important obligation of the people.

This obligation began at the beginning of next year. There were three forms of folk horse breeding in the Ming Dynasty: stallions, table horses, and foster horses. When the private people raise official horses, the horse households must not only ensure the health of the horses, but also complete the amount of fruits, otherwise they must be compensated in full.

But before the Ming Dynasty, starting with the Qin Dynasty and continuing until the Ming Dynasty, many dynasties that aspired to stabilize the northern frontier paid great attention to the corresponding development of Ma Zheng.

There is a corresponding introduction in the "Book of Rites and Moon Order": In the midsummer month, 'you will wander into a group, then you will linger in Tengju, and Ban Ma Zheng will be two. It is the month, the Son of Heaven is to teach in the field hunting, to learn the five precepts, Ban Ma Zheng, "the book notes the day: Ma Zheng, said to raise horses of politics and religion.

In other words, at the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty and even the Shang Dynasty, Ma Zheng gradually became a very important military direction and national policy.

During the Qin Dynasty, Ma Zheng mainly entered a new stage of development after conquering Henan.

The region of Henan was very important, and both the Great Qin Empire and the Xiongnu knew the importance of this region for both.

However, it is undeniable that whether it is the Great Qin Empire or the Han Dynasty, the role played by the Henan region has gradually declined in terms of weight, the foundation for the real development of Ma Zheng.

Before the Great Qin Empire seized Henan, the basis for its development of horse politics was mainly to integrate and develop the original horse farm area within the country after unification.

In this way, although the Great Qin Empire is not too short of horses, it is undeniable that if there are special circumstances. If a region needs a large number of war horses, it is likely that many places will need to be mobilized, and such a situation is not a good thing from a military point of view.

After seizing the Henan land of the Xiongnu, the Great Qin Empire developed a larger and more complete horse farm in Henan, which allowed the training of war horses and the effective improvement of system performance in transportation scheduling.

And the foundation of the Han Dynasty's horse politics was relative to the Great Qin Empire. A lot of places are inferior. Although during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the Han Dynasty experienced the restorative development of the rule of Wenjing and greatly increased its national strength. But more, during the siege of Mayi by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, although the Ma Zheng of the Han Dynasty also recovered to a certain extent, it was still quite inferior to the Great Qin Empire.

"The horse is the foundation of the armor and the great use of the country. Tranquility is in the order of non-dignity and inferiority, and if there is change, it is difficult to help the near and far." This sentence illustrates the basis for the massive recovery and development of cavalry units after Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty succeeded to the throne.

Horses were an important tool and military equipment for the Han Dynasty army, among many types of troops. Cavalry is one of the most combat-ready troops. However, in the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, the royal family only had "more than 100 stable horses". Due to the lack of horses, it was difficult to assemble a strong cavalry and could not resist the invasion of the Xiongnu. For this reason, the Western Han Dynasty was committed to the construction of horse politics from the very beginning. Vigorously develop the horse breeding industry.

However, even with the ability of Ma Zheng, which began to gradually recover in the early Western Han Dynasty, it was still difficult to recover to the situation of the Great Qin Empire in the early days of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.

In terms of the corresponding rules and regulations of Ma Zheng, the Ma Zheng of the Han Dynasty mainly followed the Ma Zheng foundation of the Great Qin Empire. At the same time, on this basis, it will be improved accordingly.

During the reign of Gaozu of the Han Dynasty, Prime Minister Xiao He made nine chapters of the Han law, created the law of the stable, and formulated the law on horse breeding. When Empress Lu was in power, he also explicitly forbade the outflow of mares to prevent the military from leaving the enemy. After Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty ascended the throne, he spent money on raising horses. Once restricted the development of horses, after Chao Mistake was discovered, he immediately suggested that "let the people have a car and ride horses, and reinstate the three people" to encourage the people to raise horses. Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty accepted his suggestion and ordered the use of the method of exemption from military service to promote the cultivation of horses by the people, which was known as the "Horse Restoration Order" in history, and the trend of raising horses among the people was revived. During the reign of Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty, Wei Juan suggested that "it is forbidden for horses to be more than five feet nine inches high, and their teeth are not flat, and they are not allowed to go out of the customs", which is known as "Horse Crossbow Pass" in history. Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty also expanded the scale of military horse pastures in the border nomadic areas on the basis of the Qinbian County Horse Garden, "benefiting the horses of the Garden to be widely used". As a result, the country's military horse breeding has made great progress.

The horse policy in the early Han Dynasty basically included two major contents: the official horse management system and the private horse breeding policy. As far as official horse breeding is concerned, a complete horse breeding organization has been established in the early Han Dynasty, forming a widely distributed horse breeding management system. The central servant is the highest organ of the state in charge of chariots and horses. The servant is ranked in Jiuqing, and his assistant is the first servant, and there are also subordinates who raise stables. During the reign of Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty, the scope of horse breeding in the northwest border counties was expanded, and six priests were added to the border counties.

In addition, some departments of the central government, such as Tingwei, also have jurisdiction over a certain number of pastures. In the counties, there are also officials who preside over the administration of horses, called Ma Cheng, and vassal states have "servant" officials, who are subordinate to the "stables" and "stables", who are responsible for the administration of horses. The institutions and officials who presided over the horse administration from the central government to the local government were combined with the post system in peacetime, and provided war horses to the army in wartime. The distribution of Guanmachang is in Beijing and its suburbs, and it is in the border county area, especially the latter is the largest. The six stables of the Son of Heaven in Jingshi were exclusively for the royal family, and the 36 horse farms led by the six priests of the border counties were concentrated in Tianshui, Longxi, Anding, Beidi, Xihe, Shangjun and other places for military horses.

This is also the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, which was finally able to form a strong cavalry force and break through the important foundation of the Xiongnu.

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The horse administration system used by Zhang Jiashi at present is mainly based on the horse administration system of the Great Qin Empire.

However, unlike the horse administration system of the Great Qin Empire, Zhang Jiashi's horse administration system was more inclined to more modern rules.

This is mainly reflected in three aspects:

One: Zhang Jiashi knows very well that Ma Zheng is of course very important, but in many ways, it is obviously a bit unreasonable for civilians to join the Ma Zheng system on a large scale, and it is easy to have problems.

First, according to Zhang Jiashi's thinking from later generations, the horses bred by self-employed people are uneven. It is quite possible that there will be a certain number of horses that will not be able to adapt to the needs of the military side. This kind of horse is not what Zhang Jiashi wants to be equipped with in the army. Because it is very likely to lead to the defeat of a battle or even the collapse of the defense system of a region.

Therefore, although Zhang Jiashi did not prohibit the private raising of horses in the end, he rarely ordered the relevant personnel to recruit horses from the people, and of course, the horses bred by the private personnel were naturally not prohibited from circulating among the people as civilian horses. After all, although a considerable part of this kind of horse cannot be trained into war horses, it is more than enough to meet civil needs.

The second is if the State imposes coercive measures in this regard. There are bound to be big problems on the management side.

It is like one of the disadvantages of horse politics in the Ming Dynasty: at the beginning of horse politics, the officials of Taifu Temple were in charge of horses. Fuzhou and county officials are in charge of the people, and they seem to have their own duties. In fact, horses are the people and herdsmen, and the two duties are inseparable. The official responsibility of the Taifu Temple is in the horse, and the responsibility of the local officials is in the people. Burdened by the people is not tolerated by the officials of the Taifu Temple, and tired of the people because of the horses is unbearable for the local officials, and it is difficult for the two sides to reconcile.

Therefore, Zhang Jiashi did not intend to force the people to join the Ma Zheng system in this regard, but he could not help but prevent the spontaneous development of Ma Zheng in the people. It can be regarded as a compromise arrangement adopted by Zhang Jiashi.

Second, the non-governmental implementation of state-led horse politics is in fact like letting the private sector raise horses for the country free of charge. This situation is obviously a measure to work hard and lose money.

Perhaps at the beginning, the state will provide corresponding subsidies for the corresponding horse breeders, just like Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty listened to the advice and ordered the use of exemption from military service to promote the people to raise horses, known as the "Ma Fu Order" in history. The folk style of horse breeding is revived.

However, in the late period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, this method of compensation in disguise actually existed in name only.

No matter how good a rule of law is, it will change due to many factors, so Zhang Jiashi thought about this aspect of the problem, and had to give up the idea of ordering the implementation of civil horse politics.

One last point. That is the most important premise that Zhang Jiashi does not want to enforce the civil horse policy, that is, through the comparison of many situations, too many horses in a country is actually not a good thing. Especially in the case of a large number of free-range horses, it takes a lot of effort to manage them accordingly, not to mention that the corresponding scheduling in this area is prone to problems.

It's like some managers requisitioning civilian horses that don't meet military standards, and it's not just going to cause problems for the military. At the same time, it will also make the horse breeder resentful. After all, in many cases, the cost of horse requisition and deployment by the horse administration and the state is often less than the cost of raising horses for horse breeders.

This is also the reason for the difficulty of people for horses, and the horse administration during the Ming Dynasty was often because the horse breeders could not make ends meet, which led to the fact that this important weapon of the country eventually became a drawback that dragged down the country and civilians in many cases.

The peasant uprising in the late Ming Dynasty was symptomatic because of the natural disasters for many years, and the Ma Zheng apportionment in Shaanxi remained unchanged.

Therefore, Zhang Jiashi does not advocate or put an end to private horse breeding, mainly hoping that the private horse breeding system will become a kind of commercial development. Just like raising other poultry and livestock, farmers are often responsible for their own profits. The state can even get the corresponding income from the corresponding links, which can be described as killing two birds with one stone.

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Among the troops sent by Su Jiao to Liaodong this time, their military horses mainly came from the products of the horse administration system of the Great Qin Empire in the past, and a small part of them were mainly the achievements of horse administration after Zhang Jiashi took charge of Liaodong County.

After all, Zhang Jiashi's time in charge of Liaodong County is not very long, at best it is a little more than eight years, so that Zhang Jiashi has carried out some improvements in the horse administration system in Liaodong County, and only a small number of horses produced can be used for military purposes.

A passing horse is often not trained or used for combat until it is four or five years old.

Although Zhang Jiashi intervened in the troubled times at the end of the Qin Dynasty in the west, and then set the world for the Great Qin Empire again a few years later, only a small part of the horses in Liaoning County were reserved for the use of Su Jiao's troops. After all, there were several large horse farms in the Great Qin Empire at this time, and Liaoning County was the largest of them.

These major large horse farms are Liaoning County, Yan County, Shang County and the plain between Xianyang and Longxi County.

After all, in these regions, although only Liaoning County and Yan County can be compared to Henan in terms of scale, but just by virtue of the situation in these regions, the demand for military horses in the Great Qin Empire is still stretched.

Therefore, as one of several large horse farms, Liaoning County has a relatively large number of horses transported to other regions.

Under normal circumstances, Su Jiao is able to keep about a third of his horses for his own use, which is already a good idea.

Why?

It's very simple, because Liaoning County's supply of foreign horses has even reached nine-tenths in the largest case, which means that Su Jiao can only leave a hundred horses for training or supplementing the corresponding losses among the about 1,000 war horses in a batch.

In particular, after Zhang Jiashi proposed the formation of several troops with cavalry as the main combat force and supplemented by some charioteers as a transportation system, the output share of several official horse farms in the Great Qin Empire was very large.

Although Su Jiao was helpless in some cases, he did not resist Zhang Jiashi's order.

On the contrary, Su Jiao, who knew very well what kind of role this army could play, supported Zhang Jiashi's corresponding orders.

As far as Su Jiao is concerned, although he used to be a member of Wang Li's faction, few people would think that he would be quite close to Wang Li and the personnel of the former Northern Legion system.

After all, in the eyes of many people, the six generals of the Great Qin Empire, or the six generals of Liaodong, are the out-and-out descendants of Zhang Jiashi.

The factional composition of the personnel under Zhang Jiashi's command is a bit complicated.

Even in terms of the original personnel of the Great Qin Empire, they are currently divided into the Dingwu King faction, the Northern Army faction, the Central Government Affairs System of the Great Qin Empire, and the Southern Frontier Army faction of the Great Qin Empire.

In terms of influence in terms of personnel, Zhang Jiashi's lineage can be said to be a few streets away from other factions, but if the other three factions are united, it is also a force that cannot be ignored.

Of course, in Zhang Jiashi's heart, such a thing is not entirely a bad thing, after all, Zhang Jiashi knows one thing very well, that is, if it really turns the court into a hall of words, then it is really a thing that will do more harm than good. (To be continued.) If you like this work, you are welcome to vote for recommendation and monthly passes, and your support is my biggest motivation. )