Chapter 50: The Battle of Makino
There is a legend of Peng Zu in the local area: it is said that Peng Zu learned the truth from Yin Shouzi in his later years, and then lived in seclusion in Wuyi Mountain. When Peng Zu lived in seclusion in Wuyi Mountain, he taught people to reclaim wasteland, plant grain and cotton, flowers and fruits, and tea, and dig wells for water. It is said that the tea he planted tasted fragrant and pure, attracting the Seven Immortals - Zhong Liquan, Lu Dongbin, Uncle Cao Guo, He Xiangu, Li Tiegui, Han Xiangzi, and Lan Caihe. They unanimously agreed to give him a life span of 880. Of course, this is purely a joke, the legend that the age of the Seven Immortals is in the Han, Tang and Song dynasties, and Peng Zu's era is the Dayu period, so it cannot be true.
According to the record of "Wuyi Mountain Chronicles": After Peng Wu and Peng Yi became Peng Zu, they grew up in the ground in their lives, and when a spring breeze blows, they can call their fathers and mothers, and they can stand when the spring breeze blows and sends spring rain to water. Peng Zu soaked them in water with three pieces of spring tea he planted, and they could run on the ground. It can be inferred from all sources that they are a pair of Yisheng brothers and are the ancestors of the Peng people in Fujian. Later generations named this mountain Wuyi Mountain, which has been used until now.
In fact, Peng Wu and Peng Yi of Wuyi Mountain are not the sons of Peng Zu, but more than a thousand years after Peng Zu, the Great Peng Kingdom was destroyed by the Shang King Wuding, and the descendants of the Southern Branch were exiled here.
A branch of westward migration, in order to escape the rule of Shang and moved west from Xuzhou in the southeast to the southwest CD plain, now Pengshan City, Sichuan, the name of the country is still Peng, in fact, it is the common settlement of the descendants of Peng Wei and Pengwei, according to the current geographical location, it should be Pengzhou City as the main body, including Guanghan City, Pixian County, Dujiangyan City part of the area.
Later, they migrated to the upper reaches of the Jing River in the Jingwei River Basin in the northwest of Chang'an (Rushui River area, Qingyang, Gansu), at this time, under the leadership of the descendants of Wei Wei and the descendants of Peng Wei and Wei participated in the battle of King Wu of Zhou to attack the Shang Dynasty with hatred for the Shang Dynasty, and was one of the "Eight Divisions of Muye".
Lu, located in the upper reaches of the Jing River (Rushui River, Qingyang, Gansu) like Peng at the end of the Shang Dynasty, had a very close relationship between the two countries, and under Peng's influence, Lu also joined the combined army of King Wu of Zhou in the Shang Dynasty as one of the Eight Divisions of Muye.
Pu [pΓΊ], located in Shunning (Fengqing County, Lincang, Yunnan). At this time, he joined the allied army of King Wu of Zhou, who joined the merchants, and was one of the eight divisions of Makino.
King Wu of Zhou took advantage of the disintegration of the Shang Dynasty's ruling group, the killing of the royal minister's important minister Bigan, the capture of Jizi, and the flight of Weizi, while the main force of the Shang army went on an expedition to Dongyi, and Chaoge was empty, so he led his headquarters and the tribal armies of the eight Fang States to continue to advance eastward in the rain on December 28. After crossing the Yellow River from Bidi (Xingyang City, Zhengzhou, Henan), he traveled north to Baiquan (Huixian City, Xinxiang, Henan) and turned east.
At dawn on the fourth day of the first month of the 53rd year of Emperor Xin (the 12th year of King Wu of Zhou, BC1049), the Zhou army arrived at Muye (Weihui City, Xinxiang, Henan), 70 miles outside the outskirts of Chaoge, the capital of Shang. Makinohara is not a proper noun, and it is relative to Yindu Chaoge (now Qi County, Hebi City, Henan). From the inside to the outside of the song city, it is called the city, Guo, suburbs, herding, and wilderness. "Erya": "The suburbs are called the suburbs, the suburbs are called the pasture, the pastoral is called the wilderness, and the wilderness is called the forest." β
Historically, Muye mainly refers to Weihui City, and in a broad sense, Muye also includes Fengquan District of Xinxiang City and parts of Huojia County. The specific location of Muyi is most clearly stated by Xu Shen of the Eastern Han Dynasty in his book "Shuowen Jie Zi". He said: Muyi is in "seventy miles south of Chaoge", and "King Wu of Zhou fought with Mu Ye". The 70 miles of the Han Dynasty, about 25 kilometers, is where the urban area of Weihui is located.
The princes led 4,000 chariots to meet the king of Wu.
Di Xin was shocked to hear that the Zhou army was coming, and there was no defense, and the main force of the Shang State was guarding the Dongyi front line in the southeast at that time, so Di Xin could only hastily organize a small number of Janissaries, because there were not enough soldiers, so a large number of slaves and prisoners were armed. Most of these slaves were improvised conscripts to build palaces, and these slaves suffered in normal times and had no will to fight.
Emperor Xin personally led an army of 170,000 people, mainly slaves.
In the early morning of the fifth day of the first lunar month, the Zhou army set up a formation and solemnly swore an oath, which was known as the "pastoral oath" in history.
The following is the original text of the "Book of Pastoral Oaths":
King Wu made the "Pastoral Oath".
When Jiazi was shuang, the dynasty was sworn by the Shang suburbs. The king's left staff Huang Yue, and the right Bing Bai Yi, said: "Kui, people from the western soil!"
The king said: "Whew, my friends are the Emperor of the Tomb, Situ, Sima, Sikong, Yalu, Shi, Qianfu, Baili, Yong, Shu, Qiang, Ji, Wei, Lu, Peng, and Puren. Call Ergo, Bilgan, Lier spear, and swear to it. β
The king said: "The ancients said: 'The morning of the rooster has no morning, and the morning of the rooster is the only way to find the family.'" 'Now the king of Shang is only used by the woman's words, fainting and worshipping the Buddha, fainting and leaving the king's parents and brothers, but only the many sins of the four directions escaped, whether it is worship or long, whether it is a letter or an envoy, and it is a doctor and a minister. tyranny against the people, treachery in the merchants. Today, I will only pay tribute to the punishment of heaven. Today's things are not limited to six or seven steps, but to be the same. Don't be ashamed of the fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh fells, but stop at the same time. Shang Huanhuan is like a tiger, like a pig, like a bear, and like a wolf, in the suburbs of Shang, in order to serve the western soil, and he is killed!
King Wu denounced the crimes of Emperor Xin in front of the battle to motivate the soldiers, unified the battle movements to keep the formation tight, and learned that most of the merchant army was composed of slaves, so he strictly stated that it was not allowed to kill and surrender in order to divide and disintegrate the merchant army.
Believing in ghosts and gods, he resolutely led 300 military chariots, 3,000 guards and 45,000 armor warriors to march towards Chaoge. The army reached Muye (now south of Ji County, Henan), 70 miles outside Chaoge, and the princes led 4,000 troops and chariots to rendezvous. When the king heard that the Zhou soldiers had arrived, he mobilized the soldiers of the capital, and armed prisoners, slaves, and prisoners of war, and raised a total of 170,000 troops (some say 700,000) to meet them. The two sides began the famous Battle of Makino. Before the battle, King Wu made an oath to the whole army, enumerated the sins of the merchants, and mobilized the soldiers to kill the enemy bravely. Shang's army was on the verge of collapse under the fierce offensive of the Zhou army. Those slaves and prisoners who were forced to participate in the war did not want to die for the king of Zhou, but regarded King Wu as a savior, and reversed the spearhead to lead the Zhou army into the court. Seeing that the general trend had gone, the king ascended to Lutai, set himself on fire and died, and the Shang Dynasty perished.
Then King Wu ordered Jiang Ziya to lead 3,000 warriors as the vanguard to attack the front of the merchant army, the merchant army was about to collapse, and those slaves and prisoners who were forced to participate in the war were unwilling to die for Di Xin, but regarded King Wu as saving the merchant army from the front of the formation, and the merchant army collapsed. Emperor Xin fled back to Chaoge in a hurry. These defective merchant armies reversed the spearhead and led the Zhou army into the court.
Emperor Xin set himself on fire in Lutai, and the Zhou army occupied the Shang capital Chaoge.
King Wu held a big white flag to order the princes, and the princes all paid homage to King Wu. King Wu entered the Song City, and the people of the Shang Kingdom went to the outskirts of the city to greet him. When he arrived at Lutai, where Di Xin died, King Wu shot three arrows at Di Xin's body with a bow in the car, and then got out of the car, stabbed the body of Di Xin with a sword, and finally cut off Di Xin's head with Huang Yue, hanging his head under the banner of Dabai. Yin Shang officially perished, known as King Wu Keyin.