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c_t; The cost of this dock fort built by Qin Min was not small, but when Zhang Jiashi knew that Qin Min had actually formed a private armed force privately, he did not have much reaction. Pen % fun % Pavilion www.biquge.info

For Zhang Jiashi, Qin Min's rights at this time have been set aside by the corresponding personnel arrangements made by Zhang Jiashi. The Liaoning County Lou Boat Soldier Corps under his command had already been eliminated by Li Mian one by one. It can be said that although Qin Min is still the general of the Lou Chuanshi army, the troops he can really command have already been taken over by Li Mian.

Of course, Li Mian alone is naturally unable to do this in a short period of time, and Su Jiao and Du Cong's assistance in this regard can be said to have a considerable credit.

And Su Jiao and Du Cong were quite shocked that Qin Min actually built a dock fort without permission, after all, if such a practice was placed in the period of the First Emperor, it can be said that it would have already attracted the conquest of the army, because such an approach can be regarded as a conspiracy.

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Dock fort, in the situation that Zhang Jiashi knows, should not appear at this time, because the earliest dock fort is a kind of folk hao used to protect themselves in the troubled times at the end of the new dynasty, about the formation of Wang Mang Tianfeng period, when the north was hungry and the society was in turmoil. In order to protect themselves, the families of the rich built the walls of the dock forts.

After the establishment of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Emperor Guangwu of the Han Dynasty had ordered the destruction of the dock fort, but the ban could not be stopped, because the people in the northwest often suffered from the Qiang troubles, and the people automatically organized self-defense forces. After the Yellow Turban Rebellion, Wubao was stationed with a large number of troops and family soldiers, and became a haven for old officials and guests.

A dock fort is a defensive structure, also known as a dock wall. In the Han Dynasty, the powerful people lived together, so the appearance of this type of building is quite similar to a castle. It is often surrounded by deep ditches and high walls, the internal houses are adjacent, and the four corners and the center are built with another tower and high-rise buildings, and its image can be seen in the murals and pottery of the Han tomb of Lujiazhuang in Anping, Hebei, such as the pottery ware from the Eastern Han Dynasty tomb of Mayinggang in Guangzhou, Wuwei Leitai in Gansu and Dongzhuang in Suiyang, Henan. The large dock forts are quite villages, and the smaller ones are like houses. Some have a field and pond attached to the side. The fort gate is generally located in the middle of the south wall, and there is a courtyard at the entrance, and the main hall and building are built in the courtyard. There are also auxiliary buildings such as kitchens, toilets, and pigsties, and most of them are located on the north side. The back door is often located at the north end of the east wall.

The historian Chen Yinke believes in the article "Circumstantial Evidence of the Peach Blossom Spring": "In the last years of the Western Jin Dynasty, the Rongdi thieves rose together, and the people who took refuge in the Central Plains at that time were ...... Those who cannot move far from their homeland to other lands will probably entangle with the clan and township party, gather in forts, and defend themselves according to the danger, so as to avoid the difficulties of Rong Di Kou thieves."

From this point of study, it is believed that the troubled times were the time when the dock fort was in full swing. There is no doubt about that. After all, in times of prosperity or peace, building a dock fort and hoarding materials and personnel, in any respect, will largely make the ruler of the time have other ideas and prohibit it, or even use the crime of intent to rebel as the main reason for cleaning up the dock fort.

The dock fort can be said to be quite long in the history of China, and its most famous representatives can be regarded as two kinds, the former one is the urban and rural dock fort with Meiwu as the main pattern, and the latter is gradually evolved into the Hakka tulou dock fort pattern.

In historical records, the castle of Yiwu, known as the "first fortress of the Three Kingdoms", was built after Dong Zhuo's rebellion and the abduction of the Son of Heaven; At that time, a generation of powerful ministers killed the queen mother, abolished the young emperor, and set up Liu Xie, the king of Chenliu, as the emperor (dedicated to the emperor), the official residence of the Taiwei, was named the Marquis of Yi, and Chang'an went west to today's Meixian County to become its mined. Subsequently, in 190 AD, Yuan Shao and Sun Quan denounced Dong Zhuo, Dong Zhuo burned down Luoyang City, moved the capital to Chang'an, and built a Wuwu comparable to Chang'an City in his own mining town.

"The Book of the Later Han Dynasty: The Biography of Dong Zhuo": In the early three years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Dong Zhuo built a dock in Yi, which was seven zhang high and thick, and Chang'an City, called "Long Live Dock", known as "Yiwu". Treasures are gathered in the dock, and the valley is stored for 30 years. Ziyun: "If it is done, it will dominate the world; if it is not done, it is enough to keep it." After Zhuo was defeated, the dock was destroyed (the site is in the northeast of Meixian County, Shaanxi Province).

Although this fortified castle is known as the "First Fortress of the Three Kingdoms", it did not become Dong Zhuo's final refuge. According to historical records, only two years later, on April 23, the third year of Chuping (192), Wang Yun, Lu Bu and others designed to kill Dong Zhuo, and sent Huangfu Song to lead troops to Yiwu to destroy the three clans of the Dong family and transport away the gold, silver and treasures hidden in the dock.

Unlike the compilation of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Meiwu was not demolished after Dong Zhuo's death, but was destroyed in the war during the Northern Wei Dynasty.

The Hakka tulou is a way of residence evolution that has evolved from the continuous southward migration of the Hakka people.

The Hakka people were originally Han people in the Central Plains, and were forced to move south due to various reasons such as war and famine. To the Southern Song Dynasty, it lasted nearly a thousand years, traveled thousands of miles, and formed a Hakka folk system in the border areas of Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi provinces. In the process of being forced to leave their homeland and be displaced from their homeland, they have experienced a lot of hardships, and they all have a deep experience. Whether it is a long-distance displacement or a new place of residence, many difficulties have to be solved by one's own people and work together to overcome them. Therefore, wherever they went, their families always lived together. In this way, the unique architectural form of Hakka houses has been formed - tulou.

Because most of the Hakka people lived in remote mountainous areas or deep mountains and dense forests, not only was there a lack of building materials, but also the noisy jackals, tigers, leopards, and thieves, and they were afraid of the attacks of the locals, so the Hakka people built "resistant" castle-style buildings and residences - tulou.

Hakka tulou was square at the earliest, with palace style, mansion style, and different postures, which were not only peculiar, but also full of mystery, solid and solid. Grain is piled up in the building and livestock is raised. There is a well, if you need to defend against the enemy, you only need to close the gate, a few young adults guard the gate, and the tulou is like a strong fortress, women and children, old and young, can sit back and relax. Because the square tulou has directionality, the four corners are darker, and the ventilation and lighting are different, so the Hakka people have designed a round tulou with good ventilation and lighting, which has no beginning and no end.

The construction of the earth building, local materials, with the local clay sand mixed ramming, the wall every 10cm thick layer is covered with bamboo plank wood strips for the wall plate, play the role of mutual strength, the construction is convenient, the cost is cheap.

Tulou belongs to the collective building, its biggest feature is that its shape is large, whether from a distance or to the front, the tulou is shocked by its huge monolithic building, its volume is large, can be called the most dwelling. The most common round building in the tulou we visited, its diameter is about 50 meters, the height of three or four floors, there are more than 100 houses, can live in 30 or 40 households, can accommodate 2 or 300 people. The large round building can reach 70 or 80 meters in diameter, is five or six stories high, and contains four or five hundred houses, which can accommodate seven or eight hundred people.

From the perspective of historical and architectural research, the construction method of tulou is a self-defense style of living for the safety of the ethnic group. At that time, under the situation of the invasion of the Japanese and the civil war inside, the Hakka people who migrated thousands of miles came to other places, and the choice of a building method that was conducive to family reunion and defense against war was adopted.

The round building is the most characteristic building in the Hakka tulou group, generally it starts from a circle center, according to different radii, layer by layer outward, like the water waves in the lake, ring each other, very spectacular. Its most central place is the family ancestral courtyard, and the ancestral hall is the outer hall in turn, the corridor, and the outermost ring is inhabited. The whole tulou room is the same size, with an area of about 10 square meters, and the common staircase is used, and there is no secret to each family.

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The dock fort built by the Qin family is more inclined to the military fortress building, and because Qin Min thought of some things, he added a place to raise poultry and livestock in this kind of fortress, and also built a warehouse for the other party's grain, so after receiving this information, Zhang Jiashi clearly realized that Qin Min created a precedent for construction.

Of course, Zhang Jiashi really wouldn't be happy for Qin Min because of this, after all, for Zhang Jiashi, Qin Min's approach was something he couldn't tolerate.

It's just that it can't be denied that Zhang Jiashi thinks that he has indeed ignored the role of this kind of dock fort in the military aspect. After all, if some small dock forts are built in the border area to form horns with the Great Wall or border cities, then it will have many effects on the trend of the entire battle situation.

However, the shortcomings of the dock fort are also obvious, after all, Zhang Jiashi cannot rely on a small number of dock forts to form a defense system sufficient to resist the army, and the number of garrisons in the dock fort is small, which is a difficult problem to avoid.

Moreover, as far as the defense system of the dock fort is concerned, its best defensive appearance is not the prototype, but a polygonal prism, because in the entire history of warfare, the defensive effect that the fort can play is the strongest.

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The bastion is a type of ancient fortress, the essence of which is to change the fortress from a convex polygon to a concave polygon, so that no matter what point is attacked in the castle, the attacking team will expose the attacking team to more than one bastion surface (usually 2-3), and the defender can use crossfire to perform multiple strikes.

Prior to the Gunpowder Age, fort walls were usually built tall and reinforced with stone or brick, with towers or horse faces for additional firepower. If anything, some particularly fortified cities have more than one wall.

However, the fall of Constantinople in 1453 AD, which had a well-developed city defense system, announced that the city had entered a new stage of siege and defense, and this kind of castle defense system was officially replaced by the fortress after a few decades.

Constantinople was considered to be the most fortified castle at that time, but at the beginning of 1453, the Turkish Sultan Mehmed II personally led more than 70,000 infantry, more than 20,000 cavalry, and 320 warships to surround and occupy Constantinople from both land and sea, and completely destroy the Byzantine Empire;

Constantinople is located on a headland on the western shore of the Bosphorus, the whole city is triangular, the north is the Golden Horn (also known as Halich Bay), the south is the Sea of Marmara, the coastal area is fortified, the entrance to the Golden Horn is blocked by iron chains, and the north and south sides are easy to defend and difficult to attack. To the west is land and has two layers of walls. Outside the city was a trench 100 feet deep. The garrison in the city was only about 9,000 men, and there was a fleet of more than 20 galleons at sea.

On 6 April, the Turkish army stormed Constantinople from the west, violently attacking the walls with artillery, battering rams, and catapults, filling in trenches, erecting ladders, and digging tunnels under the walls. The army and people of Constantinople, led by Emperor Constantine XI Paleologos, put up a stubborn resistance and crushed the Turkish attack from the west. Naval reinforcements from the Byzantine Empire also broke through the blockade of the Turkish army in the straits.

This day's battle became a crushing defeat for the Ottoman Empire before the fall of Constantinople.

After suffering a crushing defeat, Muhammad II changed his offensive strategy and bribed ****** merchants to infiltrate the Golden Horn in the Golden Horn under the guise of the ******-controlled Galatia. He mobilized 50,000 troops and laid a long strip between the Bosphorus and the Golden Horn. 5 km of log taxiways. Then, overnight, 80 light sailing boats were towed to the shore of the strait, pulled over the hill by men, animals and luges, and then glided down the oblique waves into the Golden Horn. A pontoon bridge was erected at the narrowest point of the Golden Horn, and artillery was deployed on the bridge.

On 29 May, the Turks launched a general assault on Constantinople from both land and sea, destroying fortifications and bombarding defending ships with artillery at the Golden Horn; To the west, Mehmed II commanded tens of thousands of troops to break into the citadel from several places. The defenders of Constantinople fought bloodily to defend the castle to the death, but in the end, they were outnumbered and ran out of ammunition and food, and the castle finally fell. The Byzantine Empire, which had lasted for thousands of years, came to an end. This battle was a typical fortress attack and defense battle at that time.

But in any case, after the Ottoman Turks captured Constantinople, the old castles exposed more and more shortcomings, so they were replaced by fortresses, which was more of a development trend.

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Zhang Jiashi did not think about whether he built the dock fort in the style of a fortress, but although the defensive ability of the fort is very strong, the shortcomings are relatively obvious.

The first point is that compared to the square fortress, the actual construction space of the fortress is larger, which means that it is very difficult to build the fortress on some mountains, and it requires more effort.

The second point is that the actual usable area of the fortress is smaller than that of many types of fortresses, and among the fortresses of the same range, the square castle has the largest actual usable area, while the round fortress is the second, and the fortress is relatively poor.

In other words, if a square castle can garrison a thousand people, a round castle may only be able to garrison about 800 people, and a fortress can only garrison 700 men or less.

However, the overall defensive efficiency that the fortress can exert can cover up the weakness of the fortress in many aspects, and the lethality of the attacker that a fortress can bring is far from being comparable to that of a square fortress and a round fortress.

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